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arXiv 2008.10602quant-ph
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与线性正则变换相关的不变二次算子及其本征态

Invariant quadratic operators associated with Linear Canonical Transformations and their eigenstates

Ravo Tokiniaina Ranaivoson, Raoelina Andriambololona, Hanitriarivo Rakotoson, Manjakamanana Rivo Herivola Ravelonjato

摘要:

本文的主要目的是识别与线性正则变换(LCT)相关的不变二次算子,这些算子在物理学中可能发挥重要作用。LCT在许多领域都被考虑。在量子理论中,它们可以用保持正则对易关系不变的线性变换来识别。在这项工作中,LCT对应于一个一般的伪欧几里德空间被认为是相关的量子理论的相空间表示。首先对一维情形进行显式计算,确定相应的LCT不变二次算子,然后推导所得结果的多维推广。这些运营商的本征态也被确定。第一类LCT不变算子是坐标和动量算子的二阶多项式,是约化动量色散算子的推广。这个多项式的系数取决于坐标和动量算子本身的平均值和统计方差-协方差。结果表明,这些统计方差协方差可以与热力学变量。另外两个LCT不变的二次算子也被证明是某些准粒子的数算子:第一个是玻色型准粒子的数算子,第二个对应于费米子型。这种费米子LCT不变的二次算子直接与LCT的自旋表示有关。它明确表明,在五维理论的情况下,该运营商的本征态可以被认为是基本的量子态的基本费米子。基本费米子的分类,与粒子物理学的标准模型兼容,建立从这些状态的分类。

英文摘要:

The main purpose of this work is to identify invariant quadratic operators associated with Linear Canonical Transformations (LCTs) which could play important roles in physics. LCTs are considered in many fields. In quantum theory, they can be identified with linear transformations which keep invariant the Canonical Commutation Relations (CCRs). In this work, LCTs corresponding to a general pseudo-Euclidian space are considered and related to a phase space representation of quantum theory. Explicit calculations are firstly performed for the monodimensional case to identify the corresponding LCT-invariant quadratic operators then multidimensional generalizations of the obtained results are deduced. The eigenstates of these operators are also identified. A first kind of LCT-invariant operator is a second order polynomial of the coordinates and momenta operators and is a generalization of reduced momentum dispersion operator. The coefficients of this polynomial depend on the mean values and the statistical variances-covariances of the coordinates and momenta operators themselves. It is shown that these statistical variances-covariances can be related with thermodynamic variables. Two other LCT-invariant quadratic operators, which can be considered as the number operators of some quasipartciles, are also identified: the first one is a number operator of bosonic type quasiparticles and the second one corresponds to fermionic type. This fermionic LCT-invariant quadratic operator is directly related to a spin representation of LCTs. It is shown explicitly, in the case of a pentadimensional theory, that the eigenstates of this operator can be considered as basic quantum states of elementary fermions. A classification of the fundamental fermions, compatible with the Standard model of particle physics, is established from a classification of these states.

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