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arXiv 2111.05083cond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.str-elquant-ph
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本征态的温度

Assigning Temperatures to Eigenstates

Phillip C. Burke, Goran Nakerst, Masudul Haque

摘要:

在有限孤立量子系统的热化研究中,一个不可避免的问题是温度的定义。我们研究和比较不同的可能方式分配温度的能量或等价的本征态在这样的系统。在热化的背景下,一个常用的温度分配是基于正则能量-温度关系,它只依赖于能量本征值,而不依赖于本征态的结构。对于本征态,我们考虑通过最小化本征态密度矩阵和正则密度矩阵之间的距离来定义温度。我们发现,对于完整的本征态,最小化的温度取决于所选择的距离测量和匹配的正则温度的轨迹距离,但是,这两个矩阵是不接近的。随着减少密度矩阵,最小化的温度有波动,规模与子系统和系统的大小,但似乎是独立的距离测量。当温度趋于正则温度时,在特定的极限下,两个矩阵变得等价。

英文摘要:

In the study of thermalization in finite isolated quantum systems, an inescapable issue is the definition of temperature. We examine and compare different possible ways of assigning temperatures to energies or equivalently to eigenstates in such systems. A commonly used assignment of temperature in the context of thermalization is based on the canonical energy-temperature relationship, which depends only on energy eigenvalues and not on the structure of eigenstates. For eigenstates, we consider defining temperature by minimizing the distance between (full or reduced) eigenstate density matrices and canonical density matrices. We show that for full eigenstates, the minimizing temperature depends on the distance measure chosen and matches the canonical temperature for the trace distance; however, the two matrices are not close. With reduced density matrices, the minimizing temperature has fluctuations that scale with subsystem and system size but appears to be independent of distance measure. In particular limits, the two matrices become equivalent while the temperature tends to the canonical temperature.

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