The goal of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, we introduce a quasi-homogeneous version of the classical ideal MHD system and study its well-posedness in critical Besov spaces $B^s_{p,r}(\mathbb{R}^d)$, $d\geq2$, with $1<p<+\infty$ and under the Lipschitz condition $s>1+d/p$ and $r\in[1,+\infty]$, or $s=1+d/p$ and $r=1$. A key ingredient is the reformulation of the system \textsl{via} the so-called Elsässer variables. On the other hand, we give a rigorous justification of quasi-homogeneous MHD models, both in the ideal and in the dissipative cases: when $d=2$, we will derive them from a non-homogeneous incompressible MHD system with Coriolis force, in the regime of low Rossby number and for small density variations around a constant state. Our method of proof relies on a relative entropy inequality for the primitive system, and yields precise rates of convergence, depending on the size of the initial data, on the order of the Rossby number and on the regularity of the viscosity and resistivity coefficients.
We provide a systematic derivation of boundary layer models in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), through an asymptotic analysis of the incompressible MHD system. We recover classical linear models, related to the famous Hartmann and Shercliff layers, as well as nonlinear ones, that we call magnetic Prandtl models. We perform their linear stability analysis, emphasizing the stabilizing effect of the magnetic field.
By using a set of scaling limits, the authors in \cite{ADFL,SS} proposed a framework of deriving the Hall-MHD equations from the two-fluids Euler-Maxwell equations for electrons and ions. In this paper, we derive the Hall-MHD equations from the Navier-Stokes-Maxwell equations with generalized Ohm's law in a mathematically rigorous way via the spectral analysis and energy methods.
In this paper, we rigorously derive the compressible one-fluid Navier-Stokes equation from the scaled compressible two-fluid Navier-Stokes-Maxwell equations locally in time under the assumption that the initial data are well prepared. We justify the singular limit by proving the uniform decay of the error system, which is obtained by elaborate energy estimates.
We provide a rigorous derivation of the compressible Reynolds system as a singular limit of the compressible (barotropic) Navier-Stokes system on a thin domain. In particular, the existence of solutions to the Navier-Stokes system with non-homogeneous boundary conditions is shown that may be of independent interest. Our approach is based on new a priori bounds available for the pressure law of hard sphere type. Finally, uniqueness for the limit problem is established in the 1D case.
We introduce a spatially extended transport kinetic FitzHugh-Nagumo model with forced local interactions and prove that its hydrodynamic limit converges towards the classical nonlocal reaction-diffusion FitzHugh-Nagumo system. Our approach is based on a relative entropy method, where the macroscopic quantities of the kinetic model are compared with the solution to the nonlocal reaction-diffusion system. This approach allows to make the rigorous link between kinetic and reaction-diffusion models.
Reactions with enzymes are critical in biochemistry, where the enzymes act as catalysis in the process. One of the most used mechanisms for modeling enzyme-catalyzed reactions is the Michaelis-Menten (MM) kinetic. In the ODE level, i.e. concentrations are only on time-dependent, this kinetic can be rigorously derived from mass action law using quasi-steady-state approximation. This issue in the PDE setting, for instance when molecular diffusion is taken into account, is considerably more challenging and only formal derivations have been established. In this paper, we prove this derivation rigo…
We study the stationary Boltzmann equation in a thin slab for a rarefied gas for which the molecular mean free path is comparable to the film thickness. We prove that there exists a solution which converges, in the hydrodynamic limit, to a density Maxwellian -- this density is obtained as the solution to the generalized Reynolds equation. The convergence is proved using a truncated Hilbert expansion by carefully estimating the remainder.
The primitive equations of large-scale oceanic dynamics form a fundamental model in geophysical flows. It is well-known that the primitive equations can be formally derived by the hydrostatic approximation. On the other hand, the mathematically rigorous derivation of the primitive equations without coupling with the temperature is also known. In this paper, we generalize the above result from the mathematical point of view. More precisely, we prove that the scaled Boussinesq equations with rotation converge to the full primitive equations in a strong sense, globally in time, with the convergen…
In this paper we review and systematize the mathematical theory on justification of sixth-order thin-film equations as reduced models for various fluid-structure interaction systems in which fluids are lubricating underneath elastic structures. Justification is based on careful examination of energy estimates, weak convergence results of solutions of the original fluid-structure interaction systems to the solution of the sixth-order thin-film equation, and quantitative error estimates which provide even strong convergence results.
In this work we upscale a prototypical kinetic transport equation which models a cell population moving in a fibrous environment with a chemo- or haptotactic signal influencing both the direction and the magnitude of the cell velocity. The presented approach to scaling does not rely on orthogonality and treats parabolic and hyperbolic scalings in a unified manner. It is shown that the steps of the formal limit procedures are mirrored by rigorous operations with finite measures provided that the measure-valued position-direction fiber distribution enjoys some spacial continuity.
In this paper, we rigorously derive the governed equations describing the motion of stable stratified fluid, from the mathematical point of view. Specially, we prove that the scaled Boussinesq equations strongly converge to the viscous primitive equations with density stratification as the aspect ration parameter goes to zero, and the rate of convergence is of the same order as the aspect ratio parameter. Moreover, in order to obtain this convergence result, we also establish the global well-posedness of strong solutions to the viscous primitive equations with density stratification.
We derive the Whitham equations from the water waves equations in the shallow water regime using two different methods, thus obtaining a direct and rigorous link between these two models. The first one is based on the construction of approximate Riemann invariants for a Whitham-Boussinesq system and is adapted to unidirectional waves. The second one is based on a generalisation of Birkhoff's normal form algorithm for almost smooth Hamiltonians and is adapted to bidirectional propagation. In both cases we clarify the improved accuracy on the fully dispersive Whitham model with respect to the lo…
The aim of this paper is to provide the analysis result for the partial differential equations arising from the rigorous derivation of the degenerate parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel system from a moderately interacting stochastic particle system. The rigorous derivation is divided into two articles. In this paper, we establish the solution theory of the degenerate parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel problem and its non-local version, which will be used in the second paper for the discussion of the mean-field limit. A parabolic regularized system is introduced to bridge the stochastic particle mode…
In order to improve the frequency dispersion effects of irrotational shallow water models in coastal oceanography, several full dispersion versions of classical models were formally derived in the literature. The idea, coming from G. Whitham in [21], was to modify them so that their dispersion relation is the same as the water waves equations. In this paper we construct new shallow water approximations of the velocity potential then deducing ones on the vertically averaged horizontal component of the velocity. We make use of them to derive rigorously from the water waves equations two new Hami…
We use variational convergence to derive a hierarchy of one-dimensional rod theories, starting out from three-dimensional models in nonlinear elasticity subject to local volume-preservation. The densities of the resulting $Γ$-limits are determined by minimization problems with a trace constraint that arises from the linearization of the determinant condition of incompressibility. While the proofs of the lower bounds rely on suitable constraint regularization, the upper bounds require a careful, explicit construction of locally volume-preserving recovery sequences. After decoupling the cross-se…
We consider the kinetic Cucker-Smale model with local alignment as a mesoscopic description for the flocking dynamics. The local alignment was first proposed by Karper, Mellet and Trivisa \cite{K-M-T-3}, as a singular limit of a normalized non-symmetric alignment introduced by Motsch and Tadmor \cite{M-T-1}. The existence of weak solutions to this model is obtained in \cite{K-M-T-3}. The time-asymptotic flocking behavior is shown in this article. Our main contribution is to provide a rigorous derivation from mesoscopic to mascroscopic description for the Cucker-Smale flocking models. More prec…
In the context of finite elasticity, we propose plate models describing the spontaneous bending of nematic elastomer thin films due to variations along the thickness of the nematic order parameters. Reduced energy functionals are deduced from a three-dimensional description of the system using rigorous dimension-reduction techniques, based on the theory of Gamma-convergence. The two-dimensional models are nonlinear plate theories in which deviations from a characteristic target curvature tensor cost elastic energy. Moreover, the stored energy functional cannot be minimised to zero, thus reveal…
A Rigorous Derivation of the Vlasov-Navier-Stokes Model from Multicomponent Boltzmann Equations
Hunan University（湖南大学）；School of Mathematics, Hunan University（湖南大学数学学院）；Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Applied Mathematics, Hunan University（湖南大学智能信息处理与应用数学湖南省重点实验室）
We analyze a linear 3D/3D fluid-structure interaction problem between a thin layer of a viscous fluid and a thin elastic plate-like structure with the aim of deriving a simplified reduced model. Based on suitable energy dissipation inequalities quantified in terms of two small parameters, thickness of the fluid layer and thickness of the elastic structure, we identify the right relation between the system coefficients and small parameters which eventually provide a reduced model on the vanishing limit. The reduced model is a linear sixth-order thin-film equation describing the out-of-plane dis…
We consider a nonlinear Schroedinger equation in two spatial dimensions subject to a periodic honeycomb lattice potential. Using a multi-scale expansion together with rigorous error estimates, we derive an effective model of nonlinear Dirac type. The latter describes the propagation of slowly modulated, weakly nonlinear waves spectrally localized near a Dirac point.
In the present paper, we show an improved lower bound for the lifespan of the solutions to the ideal MHD equations in the case of space dimension $d=2$. In particular, for small initial magnetic fields $b_0$ of size (say) $\varepsilon>0$, the lifespan $T_\varepsilon>0$ of the corresponding solution goes to $+\infty$ in the limit $\varepsilon\rightarrow0^+$. Such a result does not follow from standard quasi-linear hyperbolic theory. For proving it, three are the crucial ingredients: first of all, to work in endpoint Besov spaces $B^s_{\infty,r}$, under the condition $s>1$ and $r\in[1,+\infty]$ …
In this paper, we rigorously derive a Boltzmann equation for mixtures from the many body dynamics of two types of hard sphere gases. We prove that the microscopic dynamics of two gases with different masses and diameters is well defined, and introduce the concept of a two parameter BBGKY hierarchy to handle the non-symmetric interaction of these gases. As a corollary of the derivation, we prove Boltzmann's propagation of chaos assumption for the case of a mixtures of gases.
In this paper, we present a rigorous derivation of a new kinetic equation describing the limiting behavior of a classical system of particles with three particle elastic instantaneous interactions, which are modeled using a non-symmetric version of a ternary distance. The ternary collisional operator we derive can be seen as the first step towards obtaining a toy model for a non-ideal gas where higher order interactions are taken into account.
In this paper, a diffusion-aggregation equation with delta potential is introduced. Based on the global existence and uniform estimates of solutions to the diffusion-aggregation equation, we also provide the rigorous derivation from a stochastic particle system while introducing an intermediate particle system with smooth interaction potential. The theoretical results are compared to numerical simulations relying on suitable discretization schemes for the microscopic and macroscopic level. In particular, the regime switch where the analytic theory fails is numerically analyzed very carefully a…
We present the arising of the Fick cross-diffusion system of equations for fluid mixtures from the multi-species Boltzmann in a rigorous manner in Sobolev spaces. To this end, we formally show that, in a diffusive scaling, the hydrodynamical limit of the kinetic system is the Fick model supplemented with a closure relation and we give explicit formulae for the macroscopic diffusion coefficients from the Boltzmann collision operator. Then, we provide a perturbative Cauchy theory in Sobolev spaces for the constructed Fick system, which turns out to be a dilated parabolic equation. We finally pro…
This paper provides the first rigorous derivation of a binary-ternary Boltzmann equation describing the kinetic properties of a dense hard-spheres gas, where particles undergo either binary or ternary instantaneous interactions, while preserving momentum and energy. An important challenge we overcome in deriving this equation is related to providing a mathematical framework that allows us to detect both binary and ternary interactions. Furthermore, this paper introduces new algebraic and geometric techniques in order to eventually decouple binary and ternary interactions and understand the way…
We are interested by the behaviour of a 1D single heavy particle, interacting with an environment made of very fast particles in a thermal state. Assuming that the interactions are instantaneous, we construct an appropriate quantum jump process for the density operator of the heavy particle. In a weak-coupling limit (many interactions with few effect), we show that the solutions of jump process converge in law in the appropriate space towards the solution of a Lindbald master equation. To the best of our knowledge, it seems to be the first rigorous derivation of a dissipative quantum evolution…
We consider the Vlasov equation in any spatial dimension, which has long been known to be an infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian system whose bracket structure is of Lie-Poisson type. In parallel, it is classical that the Vlasov equation is a mean-field limit for a pairwise interacting Newtonian system. Motivated by this knowledge, we provide a rigorous derivation of the Hamiltonian structure of the Vlasov equation, both the Hamiltonian functional and Poisson bracket, directly from the many-body problem. One may view this work as a classical counterpart to arXiv:1908.03847, which provided a rigor…
We derive rigorously the 2D periodic focusing cubic NLS as the mean-field limit of the 3D focusing quantum many-body dynamics describing a dilute Bose gas with periodic boundary condition in the $x$-direction and a well of infinite-depth in the $z$-direction. Physical experiments for these systems are scarce. We find that, to fulfill the empirical requirement for observing NLS dynamics in experiments, namely, the kinetic energy dominates the potential energy, it is necessary to impose an extra restriction on the system parameters. This restriction gives rises to an unusual coupling constant.
We consider the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) in any spatial dimension, which is a well-known example of an infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian system. Inspired by the knowledge that the NLS is an effective equation for a system of interacting bosons as the particle number tends to infinity, we provide a derivation of the Hamiltonian structure, which is comprised of both a Hamiltonian functional and a weak symplectic structure, for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation from quantum many-body systems. Our geometric constructions are based on a quantized version of the Poisson structure i…
Population cross-diffusion systems of Shigesada-Kawasaki-Teramoto type are derived in a mean-field-type limit from stochastic, moderately interacting many-particle systems for multiple population species in the whole space. The diffusion term in the stochastic model depends nonlinearly on the interactions between the individuals, and the drift term is the gradient of the environmental potential. In the first step, the mean-field limit leads to an intermediate nonlocal model. The local cross-diffusion system is derived in the second step in a moderate scaling regime, when the interaction potent…
We consider a linear system that consists of a linear wave equation on a horizontal hypersurface and a parabolic equation in the half space below. The model describes longitudinal elastic waves in organic monolayers at the water-air interface, which is an experimental setup that is relevant for understanding wave propagation in biological membranes. We study the scaling regime where the relevant horizontal length scale is much larger than the vertical length scale and provide a rigorous limit leading to a fractionally-damped wave equation for the membrane. We provide the associated existence r…
