In this paper, we lay the foundations of the theory of slice regular functions in several variables ranging in any real alternative $^*$-algebra, including quaternions, octonions and Clifford algebras. This theory is an extension of the classical theory of holomorphic functions in several complex variables.
The concept of slice regular function over the real algebra $\mathbb{H}$ of quaternions is a generalization of the notion of holomorphic function of a complex variable. Let $Ω$ be an open subset of $\mathbb{H}$, which intersects $\mathbb{R}$ and is invariant under rotations of $\mathbb{H}$ around $\mathbb{R}$. A function $f:Ω\to\mathbb{H}$ is slice regular if it is of class $\mathscr{C}^1$ and, for all complex planes $\mathbb{C}_I$ spanned by $1$ and a quaternionic imaginary unit $I$, the restriction $f_I$ of $f$ to $Ω_I=Ω\cap\mathbb{C}_I$ satisfies the Cauchy-Riemann equations associated to $…
In this paper we develop a theory of slice regular functions on a real alternative algebra $A$. Our approach is based on a well--known Fueter's construction. Two recent function theories can be included in our general theory: the one of slice regular functions of a quaternionic or octonionic variable and the theory of slice monogenic functions of a Clifford variable. Our approach permits to extend the range of these function theories and to obtain new results. In particular, we get a strong form of the fundamental theorem of algebra for an ample class of polynomials with coefficients in $A$ an…
The main goal of this work is classifying the singularities of slice regular functions over a real alternative *-algebra A. This function theory has been introduced in 2011 as a higher-dimensional generalization of the classical theory of holomorphic complex functions, of the theory of slice regular quaternionic functions launched by Gentili and Struppa in 2006 and of the theory of slice monogenic functions constructed by Colombo, Sabadini and Struppa since 2009. Along with this generalization step, the larger class of slice functions over A has been defined. We introduce here a new type of se…
We present some new relations between the Cauchy-Riemann operator on the real Clifford algebra $\mathbb R_n$ of signature $(0,n)$ and slice-regular functions on $\mathbb R_n$. The class of slice-regular functions, which comprises all polynomials with coefficients on one side, is the base of a recent function theory in several hypercomplex settings, including quaternions and Clifford algebras. In this paper we present formulas, relating the Cauchy-Riemann operator, the spherical Dirac operator, the differential operator characterizing slice regularity, and the {spherical derivative} of a slice …
We prove some formulas relating Cauchy-Riemann operators defined on hypercomplex subspaces of an alternative *-algebra to a differential operator associated with the concept of slice-regularity and to the spherical Dirac operator. These results in particular allow to introduce a definition of locally slice-regular function and open the path for local slice analysis. Since Cauchy-Riemann operators factor the corresponding Laplacian operators, the proven formulas let us also obtain several results about the harmonicity and polyharmonicity properties of slice-regular functions.
In this paper, we define a class of slice mappings of several Clifford variables, and the corresponding slice regular mappings. Furthermore, we establish the growth theorem for slice regular starlike or convex mappings on the unit ball of several slice Clifford variables, as well as on the bounded slice domain which is slice starlike and slice circular.
In this paper we prove two Bloch type theorems for quaternionic slice regular functions. We first discuss the injective and covering properties of some classes of slice regular functions from slice regular Bloch spaces and slice regular Bergman spaces, respectively. And then we show that there exits a universal ball contained in the image of the open unit ball $\mathbb{B}$ in quaternions $\mathbb{H}$ through the slice regular rotation $\widetilde{f}_{u}$ of each slice regular function $f:\overline{\mathbb{B}}\rightarrow \mathbb{H}$ with $f'(0)=1$ for some $u\in \partial\mathbb{B}$.
The functions studied in the paper are quaternion-valued functions of a quaternionic variable. It is show that the left slice regular functions and right slice regular functions are related by a particular involution. The relation between left slice regular functions, right slice regular functions and intrinsic regular functions is revealed. The classical Laplace transform can be naturally generalized to quaternions in two different ways, which transform a quaternion-valued function of a real variable to a left or right slice regular quaternion-valued function of a quaternionic variable. The u…
We study global properties of quaternionic slice regular functions (also called s-regular) defined on symmetric slice domains. In particular, thanks to new techniques and points of view, we can characterize the property of being one-slice preserving in terms of the projectivization of the vectorial part of the function. We also define a "Hermitian" product on slice regular functions which gives us the possibility to express the $*$-product of two s-regular functions in terms of the scalar product of suitable functions constructed starting from $f$ and $g$. Afterwards we are able to determine, …
In this paper, we are concerned with the S-polyregularity the regular dot product of slice regular functions. We prove that the product of a slice regular function and right quaternionic polynomial function is a S-polyregular function and we determinate its exact order. The general case of the product of any two slice regular functions is also discussed. In fact, we provide sufficient and necessary conditions to the product of slice regular functions be a S-polyregular function. The obtained results are then extended to the product of S-polyregular functions and remain valid for a special dot …
In this paper we show that the real differential of any injective slice regular function is everywhere invertible. The result is a generalization of a theorem proved by G. Gentili, S. Salamon and C. Stoppato, and it is obtained thanks, in particular, to some new information regarding the first coefficients of a certain polynomial expansion for slice regular functions (called \textit{spherical expansion}), and to a new general result which says that the slice derivative of any injective slice regular function is different from zero. A useful tool proven in this paper is a new formula that relat…
In this article we investigate harmonicity, Laplacians, mean value theorems and related topics in the context of quaternionic analysis. We observe that a Mean Value Formula for slice regular functions holds true and it is a consequence of the well known Representation Formula for slice regular functions over $\mathbb{H}$. Motivated by this observation, we have constructed three order-two differential operators in the kernel of which slice regular functions are, answering positively to the question: is a slice regular function over $\mathbb{H}$ (analogous to an holomorphic function over $\mathb…
We generalize the representation formula from slice-domains of regularity to general Riemann slice-domains. This result allows us to extend the $*$-product of slice regular functions on axially symmetric domains to certain Riemann slice-domains by introducing holomorphic stem systems and tensor holomorphic functions. In particular, we construct a power series expansions of slice regular functions on certain Riemann slice-domains, which implies a relation between stem holomorphic, tensor holomorphic and slice regular functions.
This work looks at the theory of octonionic slice regular functions through the lens of differential topology. It proves a full-fledged version of the Open Mapping Theorem for octonionic slice regular functions. Moreover, it opens the path for a possible use of slice regular functions in the study of almost-complex structures in eight dimensions.
In this paper we study Hankel operators in the quaternionic setting. In particular we prove that they can be exploited to measure the $L^{\infty}$ distance of a slice $L^{\infty}$ function from the space of bounded slice regular functions.
In the article the class of slice regular functions is shown to be closed under a new regular composition. The new regular composition turns out to be globally defined in contrast to the locally defined version by Vlacci. Its advantage over Vlacci's is demonstrated by its associated theory of composition operators and dynamical systems for slice regular functions. Especially, the corresponding Littlewood subordination principle and the Denjoy-Wolff type theorem can be established.
Slice-regular functions of a quaternionic variable have been studied extensively in the last 12 years, resulting, in many ways, quite close to classical holomorphic functions of a complex variable; indeed, there is a correspondence between slice-regular functions and a certain family of holomorphic maps from the complex plane to $\mathbb{C}^4$, as noted by Ghiloni and Perotti. However, such a construction does not seem to offer any insight on the behaviour of slice-regular functions, due to the lack of a connection between the values of the holomorphic map and the values of the associated slic…
In the slice Hardy space over the unit ball of quaternions, we introduce the slice hyperbolic backward shift operator $\mathcal S_a$ with the decomposition process $$f=e_a\langle f, e_a\rangle+B_{a}*\mathcal S_a f,$$ where $e_a$ denotes the slice normalized Szegö kernel and $ B_a $ the slice Blaschke factor. Iterating the above decomposition process, a corresponding maximal selection principle gives rise to the slice adaptive Fourier decomposition. This leads to a adaptive slice Takenaka-Malmquist orthonormal system.
In this paper we prove a new representation formula for slice regular functions, which shows that the value of a slice regular function $f$ at a point $q=x+yI$ can be recovered by the values of $f$ at the points $q+yJ$ and $q+yK$ for any choice of imaginary units $I, J, K.$ This result allows us to extend the known properties of slice regular functions defined on balls centered on the real axis to a much larger class of domains, called axially symmetric domains. We show, in particular, that axially symmetric domains play, for slice regular functions, the role played by domains of holomorphy fo…
The purpose of this paper is twofold. One is to enrich from a geometrical point of view the theory of octonionic slice regular functions. We first prove a boundary Schwarz lemma for slice regular self-mappings of the open unit ball of the octonionic space. As applications, we obtain two Landau-Toeplitz type theorems for slice regular functions with respect to regular diameter and slice diameter respectively, together with a Cauchy type estimate. Along with these results, we introduce some new and useful ideas, which also allow to prove the minimum principle and one version of the open mapping …
Slice Fueter-regular functions, originally called slice Dirac-regular functions, are generalized holomorphic functions defined over the octonion algebra $\mathbb{O}$, recently introduced by M. Jin, G. Ren and I. Sabadini. A function $f:Ω_D\subset\mathbb{O}\to\mathbb{O}$ is called (quaternionic) slice Fueter-regular if, given any quaternionic subalgebra $\mathbb{H}_\mathbb{I}$ of $\mathbb{O}$ generated by a pair $\mathbb{I}=(I,J)$ of orthogonal imaginary units $I$ and $J$ ($\mathbb{H}_\mathbb{I}$ is a `quaternionic slice' of $\mathbb{O}$), the restriction of $f$ to $Ω_D\cap\mathbb{H}_\mathbb{I}…
In this paper we prove the Bohr Theorem for slice regular functions. Following the historical path that led to the proof of the classical Bohr Theorem, we also extend the Borel-Carathéodory Theorem to the new setting.
This paper has a twofold purpose: on one hand we deepen the study of slice regular functions by studying their behavior with respect to the so-called C-property and anti-C-property. We show that, for any fixed basis of the algebra of quaternions $\mathbb{H}$ any slice regular function decomposes into the sum of four slice regular components each of them satisfying the C-property. Then, we will use these results to show a reproducing property of the Bergman kernels of the second kind.
Due to the invalidation of the Gauss-Lucas type result for quaternionic polynomials, we first give in this paper an alternative proof of the Bernstein inequality in $L^{p} (1\leq p \leq+\infty)$ for slice regular polynomials by the Fejér kernel and the Minkowski inequality. Secondly, we extend a result of Ankeny-Rivlin to the quaternionic setting via the Hopf lemma. By the way, some Turan inequalities are established for slice regular polynomials.
Given a quaternionic slice regular function $f$, we give a direct and effective way to compute the coefficients of its spherical expansion at any point. Such coefficients are obtained in terms of spherical and slice derivatives of the function itself. Afterwards, we compare the coefficients of $f$ with those of its slice derivative $\partial_{c}f$ obtaining a countable family of differential equations satisfied by any slice regular function. The results are proved in all details and are accompanied to several examples. For some of the results, we also give alternative proofs.
The aim of this paper is to study some features of slice semi-regular functions $\mathcal{RM}(Ω)$ on a circular domain $Ω$ contained in the skew-symmetric algebra of quaternions $\mathbb{H}$ via the analysis of a family of linear operators built from left and right $*$-multiplication on $\mathcal{RM}(Ω)$; this class of operators includes the family of Sylvester-type operators $\mathcal{S}_{f,g}$. Our strategy is to give a matrix interpretation of these operators as we show that $\mathcal{RM}(Ω)$ can be seen as a $4$-dimensional vector space on the field $\mathcal{RM}_{\mathbb{R}}(Ω)$. We then …
In this paper we study some fundamental algebraic properties of slice functions and slice regular functions over an alternative $^*$-algebra $A$ over $\mathbb{R}$. These recently introduced function theories generalize to higher dimensions the classical theory of functions of a complex variable. Slice functions over $A$, which comprise all polynomials over $A$, form an alternative $^*$-algebra themselves when endowed with appropriate operations. We presently study this algebraic structure in detail and we confront with questions about the existence of multiplicative inverses. This study leads …
Octonionic analysis is becoming eminent due to the role of octonions in the theory of G2 manifold. In this article, a new slice theory is introduced as a generalization of the holomorphic theory of several complex variables to the noncommutative or nonassociative realm. The Bochner-Martinelli formula is established for slice functions of several octonionic variables as well as several quaternionic variables. In this setting, we find the Hartogs phenomena for slice regular functions
The goal of this paper is to introduce and study some geometric properties of slice regular functions of quaternion variable like univalence, subordination, starlikeness, convexity and spirallikeness in the unit ball. We prove a number of results, among which an Area-type Theorem, Rogosinski inequality, and a Bieberbach-de Branges Theorem for a subclass of slice regular functions. We also discuss some geometric and algebraic interpretations of our results in terms of maps from $\mathbb R^4$ to itself. As a tool for subordination we define a suitable notion of composition of slice regular funct…
In this paper we show how to construct a regular, non commutative Cauchy kernel for slice regular quaternionic functions. We prove an (algebraic) representation formula for such functions, which leads to a new Cauchy formula. We find the expression of the derivatives of a regular function in terms of the powers of the Cauchy kernel, and we present several other consequent results.
Slice analysis is a generalization of the theory of holomorphic functions of one complex variable to quaternions. Among the new phenomena which appear in this context, there is the fact that the convergence domain of $f(q)=Σ_{n\in\mathbb{N}}(q-p)^{*n} a_n$, given by a $σ$-ball $Σ(p,r)$, is not open in $\mathbb{H}$ unless $p\in\mathbb{R}$. This motivates us to investigate, in this article, what is a natural topology for slice regular functions. It turns out that the natural topology is the so-called slice topology, which is different from the Euclidean topology and nicely adapts to the slice st…
Slice regular functions have been extensively studied over the past decade, but much less is known about their boundary behavior. In this paper, we initiate the study of Julia theory for slice regular functions. More specifically, we establish the quaternionic versions of the Julia lemma, the Julia-Carathéodory theorem, the boundary Schwarz lemma, and the Burns-Krantz rigidity theorem for slice regular self-mappings of the open unit ball $\mathbb B$ and of the right half-space $\mathbb H^+$. Our quaternionic boundary Schwarz lemma involves a Lie bracket reflecting the non-commutativity of quat…
We give some characterizations of Lipschitz type spaces of slice regular functions in the unit ball of the skew field of quaternions with prescribed modulus of continuity.
After their introduction in 2006, quaternionic slice regular functions have mostly been studied over domains that are symmetric with respect to the real axis. This choice was motivated by some foundational results published in 2009, such as the Representation Formula for axially symmetric domains. The present work studies slice regular functions over domains that are not axially symmetric, partly correcting the hypotheses of some previously published results. In particular, this work includes a Local Representation Formula valid without the symmetry hypothesis. Moreover, it determines a class …
We construct a counterexample to a well-known extension theorem for slice regular functions, which motivates us to develop a theory of Riemann slice-domains by introducing a new topology on quaternions. By some paths describing axial symmetry in Riemann slice-domains, we rectify the classical extension formula in the theory of slice regular functions and prove a representation formula over slice-domains of regularity. This proof involves an intertwining relation between imaginary units of quaternions and a fixed matrix corresponding to a complex structure.
The papers \cite{O1,O2} are the first works to apply the theory of fiber bundles in the study of the quaternionic slice regular functions. The main goal of the present work is to extend the results given in \cite{O1}, where the quaternionic right linear space of quaternionic slice regular functions was presented as the base space of a fiber bundle. When the quaternionic right linear space of quaternionic slice regular functions is associated to certain domains then this paper shows that the elements of total space, given in \cite{O1}, are defined from a pair of harmonic functions and a pair of…
A slice regular analogue of the Malmquist-Takenaka system is investigated. It is proved that they form a complete orthonormal system in the quaternionic Hardy spaces of the unit ball. The properties of associated projection operator are studied. Key Words and Phrases: Functions of hypercomplex variables, quaternionic Hardy spaces, series expansions, interpolation, approximation by rational functions, quaternionic Malmquist-Takenaka system
The theory of slice regular functions of a quaternionic variable extends the notion of holomorphic function to the quaternionic setting. This theory, already rich of results, is sometimes surprisingly different from the theory of holomorphic functions of a complex variable. However, several fundamental results in the two environments are similar, even if their proofs for the case of quaternions need new technical tools. In this paper we prove the Landau-Toeplitz Theorem for slice regular functions, in a formulation that involves an appropriate notion of regular $2$-diameter. We then show that …
Along with the development of the theory of slice regular functions over the real algebra of quaternions $\mathbb{H}$ during the last decade, some natural questions arose about slice regular functions on the open unit ball $\mathbb{B}$ in $\mathbb{H}$. This work establishes several new results in this context. Along with some useful estimates for slice regular self-maps of $\mathbb{B}$ fixing the origin, it establishes two variants of the quaternionic Schwarz-Pick lemma, specialized to maps $\mathbb{B}\to\mathbb{B}$ that are not injective. These results allow a full generalization to quaternio…
