arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2007.11564astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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超级地球$π$ Men c与其恒星自转的轨道偏差

Orbital misalignment of the super-Earth $π$ Men c with the spin of its star

Vedad Kunovac Hodžić, Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, Heather M. Cegla, William J. Chaplin, Guy R. Davies

摘要:

行星-行星散射事件可以以相对于恒星自旋轴的轨道错位的形式留下行星迁移历史的可观察痕迹,这可以从过境期间拍摄的光谱时间序列中测量。我们提出了高分辨率的光谱凌日观测与ESTEMO的近在超级地球$π$门c。该系统还包含一颗在宽偏心轨道上的外巨行星,最近发现相对于内行星轨道倾斜。这些特征使人想起过去的动力学相互作用。我们成功地检索行星掩星光过境过程中,并找到证据表明,$π$男人c的轨道是适度的恒星自转轴与$λ= -24.0^\circ \pm 4.1^\circ$($ψ= 26.9^{\circ +5.8^\circ}_{\,-4.7^\circ}$)不一致。这与超级地球$π$ Men c在高离心率迁移之后的潮汐循环相一致,并暗示超级地球可以在距离其恒星很远的地方形成。我们还在ESPRENSO径向速度时间序列中检测到明显的类太阳振荡特征,其中我们达到了${\sim}20$ cm/s的径向速度精度。我们使用高斯过程对振荡进行建模,并检索最大振荡频率$ν_\text{max} = 2771^{+65}_{-60}$ $μ$ Hz。这些振荡使得使用传统方法检测Rossiter-McLaughlin效应具有挑战性。然而,我们成功地使用了重新加载的Rossiter McLaughlin方法。最后,在附录中,我们还提出了更新的物理参数和星历的$π$门c从高斯过程过境分析的完整TESS周期1的数据。

英文摘要:

Planet-planet scattering events can leave an observable trace of a planet's migration history in the form of orbital misalignment with respect to the the stellar spin axis, which is measurable from spectroscopic timeseries taken during transit. We present high-resolution spectroscopic transits observed with ESPRESSO of the close-in super-Earth $π$ Men c. The system also contains an outer giant planet on a wide, eccentric orbit, recently found to be inclined with respect to the inner planetary orbit. These characteristics are reminiscent of past dynamical interactions. We successfully retrieve the planet-occulted light during transit and find evidence that the orbit of $π$ Men c is moderately misaligned with the stellar spin axis with $λ= -24.0^\circ \pm 4.1^\circ$ ($ψ= 26.9^{\circ +5.8^\circ}_{\,-4.7^\circ}$). This is consistent with the super-Earth $π$ Men c having followed a high-eccentricity migration followed by tidal circularisation, and hints that super-Earths can form at large distances from their star. We also detect clear signatures of solar-like oscillations within our ESPRESSO radial velocity timeseries, where we reach a radial velocity precision of ${\sim}20$ cm/s. We model the oscillations using Gaussian processes and retrieve a frequency of maximum oscillation, $ν_\text{max} = 2771^{+65}_{-60}$ $μ$Hz. These oscillations makes it challenging to detect the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect using traditional methods. We are, however, successful using the reloaded Rossiter-McLaughlin approach. Finally, in an appendix we also present updated physical parameters and ephemerides for $π$ Men c from a Gaussian process transit analysis of the full TESS Cycle 1 data.

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