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arXiv 1304.5166astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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恒星自转轴与行星轨道不重合的原始起源

A Primordial Origin for Misalignments Between Stellar Spin Axes and Planetary Orbits

Konstantin Batygin

摘要:

气态巨行星的存在,其轨道位于非常接近其宿主恒星(“热行星”),可以在很大程度上解释为行星迁移,与原行星状星云的粘性演化有关。最近,在行星凌日期间对罗西特-麦克劳克林效应的观测显示,相当一部分被探测到的热彗星位于相对于其宿主恒星的自旋轴不对准的轨道上。这一观测事实使人们对盘驱动的迁移作为产生热彗星的机制的重要性产生了重大怀疑,从而重新确立了近距离行星轨道的起源是一个悬而未决的问题。在这里,我们表明,错位的轨道可以是一个自然的结果磁盘迁移。我们的论点在于增强丰富的双星同伴在恒星形成的环境中,其轨道平面是不相关的旋转轴的个别恒星。我们分析了动力学演化的理想化的原行星盘扰动下,从大规模的遥远的机构,并证明由此产生的引力矩的作用,错位的磁盘相对于其宿主恒星的自旋极的轨道平面。因此,我们预测,在没有强大的磁盘主机恒星角动量耦合或足够的耗散,以重新调整恒星的自旋轴和行星轨道,分数的行星系(包括系统的热海王星和超级地球),其角动量矢量是不对准的相对于他们的主机恒星应该是相称的速率的原始恒星的多重性。

英文摘要:

The presence of gaseous giant planets whose orbits lie in extreme proximity to their host stars ("hot Jupiters"), can largely be accounted for by planetary migration, associated with viscous evolution of proto-planetary nebulae. Recently, observations of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect during planetary transits have revealed that a considerable fraction of detected hot Jupiters reside on orbits that are misaligned with respect to the spin-axes of their host stars. This observational fact has cast significant doubts on the importance of disk-driven migration as a mechanism for production of hot Jupiters, thereby reestablishing the origins of close-in planetary orbits as an open question. Here we show that misaligned orbits can be a natural consequence of disk migration. Our argument rests on an enhanced abundance of binary stellar companions in star formation environments, whose orbital plane is uncorrelated with the spin axes of the individual stars. We analyze the dynamical evolution of idealized proto-planetary disks under perturbations from massive distant bodies and demonstrate that the resulting gravitational torques act to misalign the orbital planes of the disks relative to the spin poles of their host stars. As a result, we predict that in the absence of strong disk-host star angular momentum coupling or sufficient dissipation that acts to realign the stellar spin axis and the planetary orbits, the fraction of planetary systems (including systems of hot Neptunes and Super-Earths), whose angular momentum vectors are misaligned with respect to their host-stars should be commensurate with the rate of primordial stellar multiplicity.

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