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arXiv 2007.07745physics.ed-ph
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建构主义理论在网络科学课程中的应用研究综述

Literature Review of Constructivism in Online Science Courses

Marta R. Stoeckel

摘要:

科学教育的改革运动,如探究式教学,受到建构主义学习理论的严重影响(国家研究委员会,2000年)。这些学习理论将学习者作为知识的唯一构建者,并强调学习者探究过程的重要性(Yilmaz,2008)。在建构主义的探究式科学教育中,实验室体验经常在教学中发挥重要作用,因为它们为学生提供了观察和理解周围世界的机会(国家研究委员会,2000),这就提出了如何将探究式科学教学转化为在线环境的问题。在线科学课程中有几种实验室体验模型,包括学生直接操作材料的动手实验室,学生通过计算机操作材料的远程实验室,以及学生使用模拟材料的虚拟实验室和模拟(Powell等人,2010年)。动手实验室发挥着重要作用,特别是考虑到建构主义观点,即学生通过观察周围的世界来构建意义,但有证据表明,模拟和虚拟实验室可以发挥重要作用,甚至可能比动手实验室更适合某些教学目标。建构主义教学还要求学生使他们的过程可见,教师对学生的思考做出反应,这两者在在线环境中更具挑战性(Crippen等人,2013年)。然而,通过有意设计,这些特征可以被并入在线科学课程中(Jaber等人,2018; Jang,2009)。

英文摘要:

Reform movements in science education, such as inquiry-based instruction, have been heavily influenced by constructivist learning theories (National Research Council, 2000). These learning theories place the learner as the sole constructor of knowledge and emphasize the importance of the learner's inquiry process (Yilmaz, 2008). In constructivist inquiry-based science education, lab experiences frequently play an important role in instruction as they provide students with opportunities to observe and make sense of the world around them (National Research Council, 2000), which raises the question of how inquiry-based science instruction can be translated to online environments. There are several models for lab experiences in online science courses, including hands-on labs where students directly manipulate materials, remote labs where students manipulate materials through a computer, and virtual labs and simulations where students work with simulated materials (Powell, et al., 2010). Hands-on labs play an important role, especially given constructivist views that students construct meaning by making observations of the world around them, but there is evidence that simulated and virtual labs can play an important role and may even be better suited to some instructional goals than hands-on labs. Constructivist instruction also requires students to make their process visible and teachers to be responsive to student thinking, both of which are more challenging in online environments (Crippen, et al., 2013). However, with intentional design, these features can be incorporated into online science courses (Jaber, et al., 2018; Jang, 2009).

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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