Approximation with Neural Networks in Variable Lebesgue Spaces
Technische Universität München（慕尼黑工业大学）；Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology（慕尼黑量子科学与技术中心）；Universidad Autónoma de Madrid（马德里自治大学）；Instituto de Ciencias Matemáticas（数学科学研究所）
This paper concerns the universal approximation property with neural networks in variable Lebesgue spaces. We show that, whenever the exponent function of the space is bounded, every function can be approximated with shallow neural networks with any desired accuracy. This result subsequently leads to determine the universality of the approximation depending on the boundedness of the exponent function. Furthermore, whenever the exponent is unbounded, we obtain some characterization results for the subspace of functions that can be approximated.
We compute the right and left democracy functions of admissible wavelet bases in variable Lebesgue spaces defined on $R^n$. As an application we give Lebesgue type inequalities for these wavelet bases. We also show that our techniques can be easily modified to prove analogous results for weighted variable Lebesgue spaces and variable exponent Triebel-Lizorkin spaces.
We consider several fundamental properties of grand variable exponent Lebesgue spaces. Moreover, we discuss Ergodic theorems in these spaces whenever the exponent is invariant under the transformation.
We study in this short preprint the theory of trigonometric approximation in the so-called Banach functional rearrangement invariant Sobolev-Grand Lebesgue Spaces.
We present new estimate for Hardy-type inequality in variable exponent Lebesgue spaces. More precisely, by imposing regularity assumptions on the exponent, we prove that the estimations can be reduced to the fixed exponents.
In this short article we show a particular version of the Hedberg inequality which can be used to derive, in a very simple manner, functional inequalities involving Sobolev and Besov spaces in the general setting of Lebesgue spaces of variable exponents and in the framework of Orlicz spaces.
Two-weight norm estimates for the double Hardy transforms and strong fractional maximal functions are established in variable exponent Lebesgue spaces. Derived conditions are simultaneously necessary and sufficient in the case when the exponent of the right-hand side space is constant.
Our aim in this paper is to characterize local Muckenhoupt weighted Lebesgue spaces with variable exponent by compactly supported smooth wavelets. We also investigate necessary and sufficient conditions for the corresponding modular inequalities to hold. One big achievement is that the weights with exponetial growth can be handled in the framework of variable exponents.
In the paper two-weighted norm estimates with general weights for Hardy-type transforms, maximal functions, potentials and Calderón-Zygmund singular integrals in variable exponent Lebesgue spaces defined on quasimetric measure spaces $(X, d, μ)$ are established. In particular, we derive integral-type easily verifiable sufficient conditions governing two-weight inequalities for these operators. If exponents of Lebesgue spaces are constants, then most of the derived conditions are simultaneously necessary and sufficient for appropriate inequalities. Examples of weights governing the boundedness …
We prove optimal integrability results for solutions of the $p(\cdot)$-Laplace equation in the scale of (weak) Lebesgue spaces. To obtain this, we show that variable exponent Riesz and Wolff potentials maps $L^1$ to variable exponent weak Lebesgue spaces.
We obtain some new characterizations of a variable version of Lipschitz spaces in terms of the boundedness of commutators of sharp maximal functions, fractional maximal functions or fractional maximal commutators in the context of the variable Lebesgue spaces, where the symbols of the commutators belong to the variable Lipschitz space. A useful tool is that a symbol $b$ belongs a variable Lipschitz space of pointwise type if and only if $b$ belongs to a variable Lipschitz space of integral type.
We show that several definitions of algebras of continuous Fourier multipliers on variable Lebesgue spaces over the real line are equivalent under some natural assumptions on variable exponents. Some of our results are new even in the case of standard Lebesgue spaces and give answers on two questions about algebras of continuous Fourier multipliers on Lebesgue spaces over the real line posed by H. Mascarenhas, P. Santos and M. Seidel.
The well-known Kolmogorov compactness criterion is extended to the case of variable exponent Lebesgue spaces $L^{p(\cdot)}(Ω)$, where $Ω$ is a bounded open set in $\mathbb R^n$ and $p(\cdot)$ satisfies some "standard" conditions. Our final result should be called Kolmogorov-Tulajkov Sudakov compactness criterion, since it includes the case $p_-=1$ and requires only the "uniform" condition.
The paper introduces and studies the class of (asymptotically) Stepanov almost automorphic functions with variable exponents. Any function belonging this class needs to be (asymptotically) Stepanov almost automorphic. A few relevant applications to abstract Volterra integro-differential inclusions in Banach spaces is presented.
In this paper, we investigate the inequality \begin{equation*} \left\Vert f(\cdot +h)\right\Vert_{p\left( \cdot \right) }\leq A\left\Vert f\right\Vert_{p\left( \cdot \right) },\quad h\in \mathbb{R}^{n}, A>0 \end{equation*} under some suitable assumptions on the function $f$ and the variable exponent $p$.
We obtain one variant of the extrapolation theorem of Rubio de Fracia for variable exponent Lebesgue spaces. As a consequence we obtain conditions guarantee boundedness of strongly singular integral operators, singular integral operators with rough kernels, fractional maximal operators related to spherical means, Bochner-Riesz operators in variable Lebesgue spaces.
In this paper we study some estimates of norms in variable exponent Lebesgue spaces for a singular integral operators that are imaginary powers of the Laplace operator in $\R^n$. Using Mellin transform argument, from this estimates we obtain boundedness for a family of maximal operators in variable exponent Lebesgue spaces, which are closely related to the (weak) solution of the wave equation.42B25, 42B20, 46E30, 44A10, 42B10, 35L05
In this note some structural properties of grand variable exponent Lebesgue/ Morrey spaces over spaces of homogeneous type are obtained. In particular, it is proved that the closure of the class of bounded functions and the closure of classical Morrey space in grand variable exponent Morrey space coincide if the measure of the underlying space is finite. Moreover, we get two different characterizations of this class. Further, duality and preduality of grand variable exponent Lebesghue space defined on quasi-metric measure spaces with sigma-finite measure are obtained, which is new even when un…
For a locally compact group $H$ with a left Haar measure, we study variable Lebesgue algebra $\mathcal{L}^{p(\cdot)}(H)$ with respect to a convolution. We show that if $\mathcal{L}^{p(\cdot)}(H)$ has bounded exponent, then it contains a left approximate identity. We also prove a necessary and sufficient condition for $\mathcal{L}^{p(\cdot)}(H)$ to have an identity. We observe that a closed linear subspace of $\mathcal{L}^{p(\cdot)}(H)$ is a left ideal if and only if it is left translation invariant.
Suppose $Γ$ is a Carleson Jordan curve with logarithmic whirl points, $\varrho$ is a Khvedelidze weight, $p:Γ\to(1,\infty)$ is a continuous function satisfying $|p(τ)-p(t)|\le -\mathrm{const}/\log|τ-t|$ for $|τ-t|\le 1/2$, and $L^{p(\cdot)}(Γ,\varrho)$ is a weighted generalized Lebesgue space with variable exponent. We prove that all semi-Fredholm operators in the algebra of singular integral operators with $N\times N$ matrix piecewise continuous coefficients are Fredholm on $L_N^{p(\cdot)}(Γ,\varrho)$.
We prove a Fredholm criterion for operators in the Banach algebra of singular integral operators with matrix piecewise continuous coefficients acting on a variable Lebesgue space with a radial oscillating weight over a logarithmic Carleson curve. The local spectra of these operators are massive and have a shape of spiralic horns depending on the value of the variable exponent, the spirality indices of the curve, and the Matuszewska-Orlicz indices of the weight at each point. These results extend (partially) the results of A. Böttcher, Yu. Karlovich, and V. Rabinovich for standard Lebesgue spac…
Our aim is to study the modular inequalities for some operators, for example the Bergman projection acting on, in Lebesgue spaces with variable exponent. Under proper assumptions on the variable exponent, we prove that the modular inequalities are hold if and only if the exponent almost everywhere equals to a constant. In order to get the main results, we prove a lemma for a lower pointwise bound for these operators of a characteristic function.
In this paper, we introduce and analyze several different notions of Weyl almost periodic functions and Weyl ergodic components in Lebesgue spaces with variable exponent $L^{p(x)}.$ We investigate the invariance of (asymptotical) Weyl almost periodicity with variable exponent under the actions of convolution products, providing also some illustrative applications to abstract fractional differential inclusions in Banach spaces. The introduced classes of generalized (asymptotically) Weyl almost periodic functions are new even in the case that the function $p(x)$ has a constant value $p\geq 1,$ p…
Recently V. Kokilashvili, N. Samko, and S. Samko have proved a sufficient condition for the boundedness of the Cauchy singular integral operator on variable Lebesgue spaces with radial oscillating weights over Carleson curves. This condition is formulated in terms of Matuszewska-Orlicz indices of weights. We prove a partial converse of their result.
We investigate the structure of norm-preserving and linear but not necessarily surjective operators on variable-exponent, discrete Lebesgue spaces. A certain class of isometries, novel to this work, are especially considered; this class completely coincides with all isometries when the Lebesgue space is classical, i.e. of a fixed-exponent. For said isometries it is shown that their actions are completely determined by pairs consisting of set-mappings and bounded functions on $\mathbb{N}$. This result recovers the previously-known structure of isometries on fixed-exponent spaces as a special ca…
In the paper under review, we introduce the notions of various types of generalized (asymptotical) almost periodicity with variable exponents. We define and thoroughly analyze an important subclass of (asymptotically) Stepanov almost periodic functions which contains all (asymptotically) almost periodic functions. We provide a great number of relevant applications to abstract Volterra integro-differential equations in Banach spaces.
We present new results regarding Lebesgue-type inequalities for the Weak Chebyshev Greedy Algorithm (WCGA) in uniformly smooth Banach spaces. We improve earlier bounds in Temlyakov (Forum Math Sigma 2014), for dictionaries satisfying a new property introduced here. We apply these results to derive optimal bounds in two natural examples of sequence spaces. In particular, optimality is obtained in the case of the multivariate Haar system in Lp with 1<p<2, under the Littlewood-Paley norm.
Let $a$ be a semi-almost periodic matrix function with the almost periodic representatives $a_l$ and $a_r$ at $-\infty$ and $+\infty$, respectively. Suppose $p:\mathbb{R}\to(1,\infty)$ is a slowly oscillating exponent such that the Cauchy singular integral operator $S$ is bounded on the variable Lebesgue space $L^{p(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R})$. We prove that if the operator $aP+Q$ with $P=(I+S)/2$ and $Q=(I-S)/2$ is Fredholm on the variable Lebesgue space $L_N^{p(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R})$, then the operators $a_lP+Q$ and $a_rP+Q$ are invertible on standard Lebesgue spaces $L_N^{q_l}(\mathbb{R})$ and $L_N^…
In 1968, Israel Gohberg and Naum Krupnik discovered that local spectra of singular integral operators with piecewise continuous coefficients on Lebesgue spaces $L^p(Γ)$ over Lyapunov curves have the shape of circular arcs. About 25 years later, Albrecht Böttcher and Yuri Karlovich realized that these circular arcs metamorphose to so-called logarithmic leaves with a median separating point when Lyapunov curves metamorphose to arbitrary Carleson curves. We show that this result remains valid in a more general setting of variable Lebesgue spaces $L^{p(\cdot)}(Γ)$ where $p:Γ\to(1,\infty)$ satisfie…
We prove sufficient conditions for the boundedness of the maximal operator on variable Lebesgue spaces with weights $φ_{t,γ}(τ)=|(τ-t)^γ|$, where $γ$ is a complex number, over arbitrary Carleson curves. If the curve has different spirality indices at the point $t$ and $γ$ is not real, then $φ_{t,γ}$ is an oscillating weight lying beyond the class of radial oscillating weights considered recently by V. Kokilashvili, N. Samko, and S. Samko.
In this paper the weak fixed point property ($w$-FPP) and the fixed point property (FPP) in Variable Lebesgue Spaces are studied. Given $(Ω,Σ,μ)$ a $σ$-finite measure and $p(\cdot)$ a variable exponent function, the $w$-FPP is completely characterized for the variable Lebesgue space $L^{p(\cdot)}(Ω)$ in terms of the exponent function $p(\cdot)$ and the absence of an isometric copy of $L_1[0,1]$. In particular, every reflexive $L^{p(\cdot)}(Ω)$ has the FPP and our results bring to light the existence of some nonreflexive variable Lebesgue spaces satisfying the $w$-FPP, in sharp contrast with th…
Let $p:\R\to(1,\infty)$ be a globally log-Hölder continuous variable exponent and $w:\R\to[0,\infty]$ be a weight. We prove that the Cauchy singular integral operator $S$ is bounded on the weighted variable Lebesgue space $L^{p(\cdot)}(\R,w)=\{f:fw\in L^{p(\cdot)}(\R)\}$ if and only if the weight $w$ satisfies \[ \sup_{-\infty<a<b<\infty} \frac{1}{b-a}\|wχ_{(a,b)}\|_{p(\cdot)}\|w^{-1}χ_{(a,b)}\|_{p'(\cdot)}<\infty \quad (1/p(x)+1/p'(x)=1). \]
Valadier and Hensgen proved independently that the restriction of functional $ϕ(x)=\int_{0}^{1}x(t)dt,\,\,x\in L^{\infty}([0,1])$ on the space of continuous functions $C([0,1])$ admits a singular extension back to the whole space $L^{\infty}([0,1]).$ Some general results in this direction for the Banach lattices were obtained by Abramovich and Wickstead. In present note we investigate analogous problem for variable exponent Lebesgue spaces, namely we prove that if the space of continuous functions $C([0,1])$ is closed subspace in $L^{p(\cdot)}([0,1]),$ then every bounded linear functional on $…
We approximate functions defined on smooth bounded domains by elements of the eigenspaces of the Laplacian or the Stokes operator in such a way that the approximations are bounded and converge in both Sobolev and Lebesgue spaces. We prove an abstract result referred to fractional power spaces of positive, self-adjoint, compact-inverse operators on Hilbert spaces, and then obtain our main result by using the explicit form of these fractional power spaces for the Dirichlet Laplacian and Stokes operators. As a simple application, we prove that all weak solutions of the incompressible convective B…
In this paper we prove the bounded approximation property for variable exponent Lebesgue spaces, study the concept of nuclearity on such spaces and apply it to trace formulae such as the Grothendieck-Lidskii formula. We apply the obtained results to derive criteria for nuclearity and trace formulae for periodic operators on $\mathbb R^n$ in terms of global symbols.
In this paper, we proved an exact asymptotically sharp upper bound of the $L^p$ Lebesgue Constant (i.e. the $L^p$ norm of Dirichlet kernel) for $p\ge 2$. As an application, we also verified the implication of a new $\infty $-Rényi entropy power inequality for integer valued random variables.
The purpose of this paper is to quantify the size of the Lebesgue constants $(L_m)_{m=1}^{\infty}$ associated with the thresholding greedy algorithm in terms of a new generation of parameters that modulate accurately some features of a general basis. This fine-tuning of constants allows us to provide an answer to the question raised by Temlyakov in 2011 to find a natural sequence of greedy-type parameters for arbitrary bases in Banach (or quasi-Banach) spaces which combined linearly with the sequence of unconditionality parameters $(k_m)_{m=1}^{\infty}$ determines the growth of $(L_m)_{m=1}^{\…
We investigate the class $\mathcal{B}^{loc}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ of exponents $p(\cdot)$ for with local Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator is bounded in $L^{p(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ space. Littlewood-Paley square-function characterization of $L^{p(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ spaces with the above class of exponent are also obtained.
We prove that in variable exponent spaces $L^{p(\cdot)}(Ω)$, where $p(\cdot)$ satisfies the log-condition and $Ω$ is a bounded domain in $\mathbf R^n$ with the property that $\mathbf R^n \backslash \barΩ$ has the cone property, the validity of the Hardy type inequality $$| 1/δ(x)^α\int_Ωϕ(y) dy/|x-y|^{n-α}|_{p(\cdot)} \leqq C |ϕ|_{p(\cdot)}, \quad 0<\al<\min(1,\frac{n}{p_+})$$, where $δ(x)=\mathrm{dist}(x,\partialΩ)$, is equivalent to a certain property of the domain $\Om$ expressed in terms of $\al$ and $χ_\Om$.
Let $\mathcal{M}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ be the class of bounded away from one and infinity functions $p:\mathbb{R}^n\to[1,\infty]$ such that the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator is bounded on the variable Lebesgue space $L^{p(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R}^n)$. We show that if $a$ belongs to the Hörmander class $S_{ρ,δ}^{n(ρ-1)}$ with $0<ρ\le 1$, $0\leδ<1$, then the pseudodifferential operator $\Op(a)$ is bounded on the variable Lebesgue space $L^{p(\cdot)}(\R^n)$ provided that $p\in\cM(\R^n)$. Let $\mathcal{M}^*(\mathbb{R}^n)$ be the class of variable exponents $p\in\mathcal{M}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ represented as $1/…
In this note we present the metric approximation property for weighted mixed-norm $L_w^{(p_1,\dots ,p_n)}$ and variable exponent Lebesgue type spaces. As a consequence, this also implies the same property for modulation and Wiener-Amalgam spaces. We then characterise nuclear operators on such spaces and state the corresponding Grothendieck-Lidskii trace formulae. We apply the obtained results to derive criteria for nuclearity and trace formulae for periodic operators on $\mathbb R^n$ and functions of the harmonic oscillator in terms of the global symbol.
We provide the conditions for the boundedness of the Bochner-Riesz operator acting between two different Grand Lebesgue Spaces. Moreover we obtain a lower estimate for the constant appearing in the Lebesgue-Riesz norm estimation of the Bochner-Riesz operator and we investigate the convergence of the Bochner-Riesz approximation in Lebesgue-Riesz spaces.
