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arXiv 2007.00469q-bio.NCphysics.bio-ph
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经颅磁刺激的生物物理建模与仿真研究综述

Review on Biophysical Modelling and Simulation Studies for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Jose Gomez-Tames, Ilkka Laakso, Akimasa Hirata

摘要:

经颅磁刺激(TMS)是一种非侵入性刺激大脑区域的技术,用于治疗,康复治疗和神经科学研究。尽管我们了解与TMS有关的物理原理和实验发展,但由于复杂和受试者依赖的大脑解剖结构以及缺乏可以量化TMS在大多数皮层区域中的影响的生物标志物,因此难以识别准确的大脑靶点,因为所产生的剂量表现出不均匀的分布。计算剂量学已经取得了显着进展,并且能够通过计算人体头部数字表示中的感应电场(已知激活大脑神经元的主要物理因子)来进行TMS评估。在这篇综述中,TMS剂量学研究进行了总结,阐明了解剖和人体生物物理参数和计算方法的重要性。这篇评论表明,有一个高度的共识的重要性,一个详细的皮质折叠表示和周围的脑脊液的准确建模。最近的研究还使得能够基于患者/受试者的磁共振成像来预测个体优化的刺激,并且试图通过结合神经建模来理解TMS在细胞水平上的时间效应。这些努力,再加上快速部署个性化TMS计算,将允许采用TMS剂量测定作为临床程序的标准程序。

英文摘要:

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique for noninvasively stimulating a brain area for therapeutic, rehabilitation treatments and neuroscience research. Despite our understanding of the physical principles and experimental developments pertaining to TMS, it is difficult to identify the exact brain target as the generated dosage exhibits a non-uniform distribution owing to the complicated and subject-dependent brain anatomy and the lack of biomarkers that can quantify the effects of TMS in most cortical areas. Computational dosimetry has progressed significantly and enables TMS assessment by computation of the induced electric field (the primary physical agent known to activate the brain neurons) in a digital representation of the human head. In this review, TMS dosimetry studies are summarised, clarifying the importance of the anatomical and human biophysical parameters and computational methods. This review shows that there is a high consensus on the importance of a detailed cortical folding representation and an accurate modelling of the surrounding cerebrospinal fluid. Recent studies have also enabled the prediction of individually optimised stimulation based on magnetic resonance imaging of the patient/subject and have attempted to understand the temporal effects of TMS at the cellular level by incorporating neural modelling. These efforts, together with the fast deployment of personalised TMS computations, will permit the adoption of TMS dosimetry as a standard procedure in clinical procedures.

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