经颅聚焦超声波束轮廓对人脑神经调节的灵敏度分析
Analysis of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Beam Profile Sensitivity for Neuromodulation of the Human Brain
摘要：
Objective.虽然超声波主要用于诊断成像和加热治疗，但其在神经调节方面的应用相对较新，尚未得到很好的理解。本研究的目的是调查与聚焦声束和脑组织之间的相互作用相关的问题，以更好地了解经颅超声用于神经调节的可能局限性。Approach.建立了经颅聚焦超声的计算模型，并对实验数据进行了验证。然后逐步扩展模型，以解决和研究与使用超声进行神经调节相关的许多问题。这些包括颅骨几何形状和脑回解剖结构变化的影响，以及跨多个组织和介质层（如头皮、颅骨、CSF和灰质/白质）的传输对超声插入行为的影响。此外，还进行了敏感性分析，以表征颅内组织声学特性的影响。最后，对与设计用于神经调节的超声刺激波形相关的加热进行建模。主要结果。取决于诸如声频的因素，经颅聚焦超声波束的插入行为仅微妙地受下层组织的几何形状和声学特性的影响。意义这些问题对于器械设计的改进和无创神经调节超声方法的整体进步至关重要。
英文摘要：
Objective. While ultrasound is largely established for use in diagnostic imaging and heating therapies, its application for neuromodulation is relatively new and not well understood. The objective of the present study was to investigate issues related to interactions between focused acoustic beams and brain tissues to better understand possible limitations of transcranial ultrasound for neuromodulation. Approach. A computational model of transcranial focused ultrasound was constructed and validated against bench top experimental data. The models were then incrementally extended to address and investigate a number of issues related to the use of ultrasound for neuromodulation. These included the effect of variations in skull geometry and gyral anatomy, as well as the effect of transmission across multiple tissue and media layers, such as scalp, skull, CSF, and gray/white matter on ultrasound insertion behavior. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was run to characterize the influence of acoustic properties of intracranial tissues. Finally, the heating associated with ultrasonic stimulation waveforms designed for neuromodulation was modeled. Main results. Depending on factors such as acoustic frequency, the insertion behavior of a transcranial focused ultrasound beam is only subtly influenced by the geometry and acoustic properties of the underlying tissues. Significance. These issues are critical for the refinement of device design and the overall advancement of ultrasound methods for noninvasive neuromodulation.
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