arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2006.15263astro-ph.SRphysics.ao-phphysics.space-ph
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重叠磁活动周期与太阳黑子数:预测第25太阳黑子活动周振幅

Overlapping Magnetic Activity Cycles and the Sunspot Number: Forecasting Sunspot Cycle 25 Amplitude

Scott W. McIntosh, Sandra C. Chapman, Robert J. Leamon, Ricky Egeland, Nicholas W. Watkins

摘要:

在大约11年的时间里,太阳盘面上的斑点数量出现了明显的变化。从现代观测天文学的黎明开始,太阳黑子就对理解提出了挑战--175年前首次注意到的太阳黑子数量的准周期性变化,至今仍激发着全社会的兴趣。大量技术能够解释太阳黑子“周期”的时间地标、(几何)形状和振幅,但提前准确预测这些特征仍然难以捉摸。最近的观测研究表明,太阳的22年(黑尔)磁周期与太阳黑子周期标志和模式的产生之间存在关系,但与太阳黑子周期的振幅无关。使用(离散)希尔伯特变换超过270年的(每月)太阳黑子数,我们鲁棒地识别所谓的“终止”事件,标志着前11年太阳黑子周期的结束,本周期的增强/加速,以及22年的磁活动周期的结束。使用这些,我们提取的时间间隔的终结者和太阳黑子周期的大小之间的关系。考虑到这种关系以及我们对2020年终结者事件的预测,我们推断太阳黑子周期25可能具有自记录开始以来的前几名。这一结果将与太阳黑子周期25星等的社区共识估计形成鲜明对比。

英文摘要:

The Sun exhibits a well-observed modulation in the number of spots on its disk over a period of about 11 years. From the dawn of modern observational astronomy sunspots have presented a challenge to understanding -- their quasi-periodic variation in number, first noted 175 years ago, stimulates community-wide interest to this day. A large number of techniques are able to explain the temporal landmarks, (geometric) shape, and amplitude of sunspot "cycles," however forecasting these features accurately in advance remains elusive. Recent observationally-motivated studies have illustrated a relationship between the Sun's 22-year (Hale) magnetic cycle and the production of the sunspot cycle landmarks and patterns, but not the amplitude of the sunspot cycle. Using (discrete) Hilbert transforms on more than 270 years of (monthly) sunspot numbers we robustly identify the so-called "termination" events that mark the end of the previous 11-yr sunspot cycle, the enhancement/acceleration of the present cycle, and the end of 22-yr magnetic activity cycles. Using these we extract a relationship between the temporal spacing of terminators and the magnitude of sunspot cycles. Given this relationship and our prediction of a terminator event in 2020, we deduce that Sunspot Cycle 25 could have a magnitude that rivals the top few since records began. This outcome would be in stark contrast to the community consensus estimate of sunspot cycle 25 magnitude.

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