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arXiv 2005.12785astro-ph.EP
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小天体的碰撞加热和压实:它们起源和演化的限制

Collisional heating and compaction of small bodies: Constraints for their origin and evolution

Martin Jutzi, Patrick Michel

摘要:

小天体的当前性质为它们的起源和历史提供了重要线索。然而,有多少小天体被过去的碰撞所处理,以及它们在多大程度上保留了太阳系形成和早期演化过程的记录,仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们通过分析Jutzi等人(2019)先前对小型物体破裂的大量模拟来研究碰撞加热和压实的程度,该模拟使用直径为50 - 400 km的多孔目标,并研究了大范围的撞击速度,角度以及能量。我们发现,影响处理的程度通常大于以前考虑较小物体的研究中发现的程度(例如Jutzi等人,2017; Schwartz等人,2018年)。然而,在撞击处理方面有一个明显的二分法:逃逸的物质总是比与最大残留物结合的物质经历更强的加热。假设它们来自同一个母体,最近访问的小行星Ryugu和Bennu之间观察到的一些差异可能是由于最终形成这些小行星的物质在原始母体中的不同位置。我们的研究结果还提供了彗星核的初始大小的限制。

英文摘要:

The current properties of small bodies provide important clues to their origin and history. However, how much small bodies were processed by past collisions and to what extent they retain a record of processes that took place during the formation and early evolution of the Solar System is still poorly understood. Here we study the degree of collisional heating and compaction by analysing the large set of previous simulations of small body break-ups by Jutzi et al. (2019), which used porous targets of 50 - 400 km in diameter and investigated a large range of impact velocities, angles as well as energies. We find that the degree of impact processing is generally larger than found in previous studies which considered smaller objects (e.g. Jutzi et al., 2017; Schwartz et al., 2018). However, there is a clear dichotomy in terms of impact processing: the escaping material always experiences stronger heating than the material bound to the largest remnant. Assuming they originate from the same parent body, some of the observed differences between the recently visited asteroids Ryugu and Bennu may be explained by a different location of the material eventually forming these asteroids in the original parent body. Our results also provide constraints on the initial size of cometary nuclei.

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