arXiv 2005.125982020-05hep-phnucl-th

基于横动量谱和正负粒子产额比的轻强子和夸克的能量相关化学势

Energy dependent chemical potentials of light hadrons and quarks based on transverse momentum spectra and yield ratios of negative to positive particles

Xing-Wei He, Feng-Min Wu, Hua-Rong Wei, Bi-Hai Hong

发表信息：: Advances in High Energy Physics, Volume 2020, Article ID 1265090, 19 pages
DOI：: 10.1155/2020/1265090

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摘要：

在多源热模型的框架下，采用二分量Erlang分布描述了从AGS到LHC的不同碰撞能量范围内的中心金-金（Au-Au）、中心铅-铅（Pb-Pb）和非弹性质子-质子（$pp$）碰撞中产生的$π^\pm$、$K^\pm$、$p$和$\bar{p}$的横向动量（或质量）谱.拟合结果与实验数据一致，并从归一化常数得到的正负粒子产额比中提取了轻强子（$π$、$K$和$p$）和夸克（$u$、$d$和$s$）在中心Au-Au、中心Pb-Pb和非弹性$pp$碰撞中的能量依赖化学势.研究表明，从AGS到LHC，大多数类型的能量依赖化学势随碰撞能的增加而减小。由产额比与能量的线性拟合得到的各种能量相关的化学势曲线在同一能量3.526GeV处出现拐点，该能量被认为是碰撞系统中从类强子液体态到类夸克气体态相变的临界能量，表明强子相互作用在这一阶段起着重要作用.在RHIC和LHC中，所有类型的化学势在很高的能量下都变小并趋于零，这证实了碰撞系统可能从强子主导的类液态完全转变为夸克主导的类气态，部分子相互作用可能在LHC中起主导作用。

英文摘要：

We describe the transverse momentum (or mass) spectra of $π^\pm$, $K^\pm$, $p$, and $\bar{p}$ produced in central gold-gold (Au-Au), central lead-lead (Pb-Pb), and inelastic proton-proton ($pp$) collisions at different collision energies range from the AGS to LHC by using a two-component (in most cases) Erlang distribution in the framework of multi-source thermal model. The fitting results are consistent with the experimental data and the energy-dependent chemical potentials of light hadrons ($π$, $K$, and $p$) and quarks ($u$, $d$, and $s$) in central Au-Au, central Pb-Pb, and inelastic $pp$ collisions from the yield ratios of negative to positive particles obtained from the normalization constants are then extracted. The study shows that most types of energy-dependent chemical potentials decrease with increase of collision energy over a range from the AGS to LHC. The curves of all types of energy-dependent chemical potentials, obtained from the linear fits of yield ratios vs energy, have inflection points at the same energy of 3.526 GeV, which is regarded as the critical energy of phase transition from a hadron liquid-like state to a quark gas-like state in the collision system and indicates that the hadronic interactions play an important role in this period. At the RHIC and LHC, all types of chemical potentials become small and tend to zero at very high energy, which confirms that the collision system possibly changes completely from the hadron-dominant liquid-like state to the quark-dominant gas-like state and the partonic interactions possibly play a dominant role at the LHC.

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