We study Yukawa Renormalization Group (RG) running effects in the context of the Standard Model Effective Theory (SMEFT).The Yukawa running being flavour dependent leads to RG-induced off-diagonal entries, so that initially diagonal Yukawa matrices at the high scale have to be rediagonalized at the electroweak (EW) scale. Performing such flavour rotations can lead to flavour violating operators which differ from the ones obtained through SMEFT RG evolution. We show, that these flavour rotations can have a large impact on low-energy phenomenology. In order to demonstrate this effect, we compare the two sources of flavour violation numerically as well as analytically and study their influence on several examples of down-type flavour transitions. For this purpose we consider $B_s-\bar B_s$ mixing, $b\to sγ$, $b\to s \ell \ell$ as well as electroweak precision observables. We show that the rotation effect can be comparable or even larger than the contribution from pure RGE evolution of the Wilson coefficients.
We perform an updated fit to LHC Higgs data and LEP electroweak precision tests in the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We assume a generic structure of the SMEFT operators without imposing any flavour symmetries. The implementation is released as part of the public global SMEFT likelihood. This allows one to fit parameters of a broad class of new physics models to combined Higgs, electroweak, quark flavour, and lepton flavour observables.
We calculate the complete tree and one-loop matching of the dimension 6 Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) with unbroken $U(3)^5$ flavour symmetry to the operators of the Weak Effective Theory (WET) which are responsible for flavour changing neutral current effects among down-type quarks. We also explicitly calculate the effects of SMEFT corrections to input observables on the WET Wilson coefficients, a necessary step on the way to a well-defined, complete prediction. These results will enable high-precision flavour data to be incorporated into global fits of the SMEFT at high energ…
We investigate the information that can be gained by including flavour data in fits of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) with the assumption of Minimal Flavour Violation (MFV), allowing - as initial conditions at the high scale - leading terms in spurionic Yukawas only. Starting therefore from a theory with no tree level flavour changing neutral currents at the scale of new physics, we calculate effects in flavour changing processes at one loop, and the resulting constraints on linear combinations of SMEFT coefficients, consistently parameterising the electroweak parameters and…
A powerful aspect of effective field theories is connecting scales through renormalisation group (RG) flow. The anomalous dimension matrix of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) encodes clues to where to find relics of heavy new physics in data, but its unwieldy 2499-by-2499 size (at operator dimension 6) makes it difficult to draw general conclusions. In this paper, we study the flavour structure of the SMEFT one loop anomalous dimension matrix of dimension 6 current-current operators, a 1460-by-1460 submatrix. We take an on-shell approach, laying bare simple patterns by factori…
Complete two-loop Yukawa-induced running of the Higgs-gluon coupling in SMEFT
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)（卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院）；Università degli Studi di Padova（帕多瓦大学）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova（意大利国家核物理研究所帕多瓦分部）
University of Mississippi（密西西比大学）；Université Laval（拉瓦尔大学）；Los Alamos National Laboratory（洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室）；Université de Montréal（蒙特利尔大学）；University of Hawaii at Manoa（夏威夷大学马诺阿分校）
The Standard Model Neutrino Effective Field Theory (SMNEFT) is the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) augmented with right-handed neutrinos. Building on our previous work, arXiv:2010.12109, we calculate the Yukawa coupling contributions to the one-loop anomalous dimension matrix for the 11 dimension-six four-fermion SMNEFT operators. We also present the new contributions to the anomalous dimension matrix for the 14 four-fermion SMEFT operators that mix with the SMNEFT operators through the Yukawa couplings of the right-handed neutrinos.
Upcoming searches for lepton flavour change (LFV) aim to probe New Physics(NP) scales up to $ \sim 10^4$ TeV, implying that they will be sensitive to NP at lower scales that is suppressed by loops or small couplings. We suppose that the NP responsable for LFV is beyond the reach of the LHC and can be parametrised in Effective Field Theory, introduce a small power-counting parameter à la Cabibbo-Wolfenstein, and assess whether the existing dimension six operator basis and one-loop RGEs provide a good approximation for LFV. We find that mu to e flavour-changing observables can be sensitive to a …
Constraining new physics effective interactions via a global fit of electroweak, Drell-Yan, Higgs, top, and flavour observables
Universidad de Granada（格拉纳达大学）；Florida State University（佛罗里达州立大学）；Universitat d’Alacant（阿利坎特大学）；University of Manchester（曼彻斯特大学）；INFN, Sezione di Roma（罗马国家核物理研究所）
We report codes for the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) in FeynRules -- the SMEFTsim package. The codes enable theoretical predictions for dimension six operator corrections to the Standard Model using numerical tools, where predictions can be made based on either the electroweak input parameter set $\{\hatα_{ew}, \hat{m}_Z, \hat{G}_F \}$ or $\{\hat{m}_{W}, \hat{m}_Z, \hat{G}_F\}$. All of the baryon and lepton number conserving operators present in the SMEFT dimension six Lagrangian, defined in the Warsaw basis, are included. A flavour symmetric ${\rm U}(3)^5$ version with possib…
We investigate the phenomenological impact of different sources of lepton flavour violation arising from realistic models based on supergravity mediated supersymmetry breaking with Yukawa operators. We discuss four distinct sources of lepton flavour violation in such models: minimum flavour violation, arising from neutrino masses and the see-saw mechanism with RG running; supergravity flavour violation due to the non-universal structure of the supergravity model; flavour violation due to Froggatt-Nielsen (FN) fields appearing in Yukawa operators developing supersymmetry breaking F-terms and co…
In multi-Higgs-doublet models, the alignment in flavour space of all Yukawa matrices coupling to a given right-handed fermion guarantees the absence of tree-level flavour-changing neutral couplings, while introducing new sources of CP violation. With N Higgs doublets (and no right-handed neutrinos) the Yukawa Lagrangian is characterized by the fermion masses, the CKM quark mixing matrix and 3(N-1) complex couplings. Quantum corrections break the alignment, generating a minimal-flavour-violation structure with flavour-blind phases. The aligned multi-Higgs-doublet models lead to a rich and viabl…
We present a new geometric approach to the flavour decomposition of an arbitrary soft supersymmetry-breaking sector in the MSSM. Our approach is based on the geometry that results from the quark and lepton Yukawa couplings, and enables us to derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for a linearly-independent basis of matrices related to the completeness of the internal [SU(3) x U(1)]^5 flavour space. In a second step, we calculate the effective Yukawa couplings that are enhanced at large values of tan(beta) for general soft supersymmetry-breaking mass parameters. We highlight the contrib…
We study implications of the four-fermion semileptonic operators at the low-energy and at electroweak (EW) scale in the framework of Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We show how the renormalization group (RG) running effects can play an important role in probing the \emph{generic flavour structure} of such operators. It is shown that at the 1-loop level, through RG running, depending upon the flavour structure, these operators can give rise to sizable effects at low energy in the electroweak precision (EWP) observables, the leptonic, quark, as well as the $Z$ boson flavour violat…
A $SU(3)_Q \times SU(3)_u \times SU(3)_d$ invariant scalar potential breaking spontaneously the quark flavour symmetry can explain the standard model flavour puzzle. The approximate alignment in flavour space of the vacuum expectation values of the up and down `Yukawa fields' results as a dynamical effect. The observed quark mixing angles, the weak CP violating phase, and hierarchical quark masses can be all reproduced at the cost of introducing additional (auxiliary) scalar multiplets, but without the need of introducing hierarchical parameters.
CP-violating contributions to Higgs--fermion couplings are absent in the standard model of particle physics (SM), but are motivated by models of electroweak baryogenesis. Here, we employ the framework of the SM effective theory (SMEFT) to parameterise deviations from SM Yukawa couplings. We present the leading contributions of the relevant operators to the fermionic electric dipole moments (EDMs). We obtain constraints on the SMEFT Wilson coefficients from the combination of LHC data and experimental bounds on the electron, neutron, and mercury EDMs, and for the first time, we perform a combin…
Though models with the radiative neutrino mass generation are phenomenologically attractive, the complicated relationship between the flavour structure of additional Yukawa matrices and the neutrino mass matrix sometimes is a barrier to explore the models. We introduce a simple prescription to analyze the relation in a class of models with the asymmetric Yukawa structure. We then apply the treatment to the Zee-Babu model as a concrete example of the class and discuss the phenomenological consequences of the model. The combined studies among the neutrino physics, the lepton flavour violation, a…
The most general two Higgs doublet model contains new sources of flavour violation that are usually in conflict with the experimental constraints. One possibility to suppress the exotic contribution to the flavour changing neutral currents consists on imposing the alignment of the Yukawa couplings. This condition presumably holds at a high-energy scale and is spoiled by the radiative corrections. We compute in this letter the size of the radiatively induced flavour violating Higgs couplings at the electroweak scale. These also yield the absolute lower bound on the size of the exotic contributi…
We estimate the magnitude of Lepton Flavour Violation (LFV) from the phase of the neutrino Yukawa matrix. In the minimal supersymmetric standard model with right-handed neutrinos, the LFV processes l_i \to l_j γcan appear through the slepton mixing, which comes from the renormalization group effect on the right-handed neutrino Yukawa interaction between the Grand Unified Theory scale and the heavy right-handed neutrino mass scale. Two types of phases exist in the neutrino Yukawa matrix. One is the Majorana phase, which can change the magnitude of the LFV branching ratios by a few factor. The o…
The WMAP dark matter constraints on b-$τ$ Yukawa Unification in the presence of massive neutrinos is revisited. The predictions for the bottom quark mass are observed to be modified by the large neutrino mixing suggested by the data. This enables Yukawa unification also for large $\tanβ$, and for positive $μ$ that were previously disfavoured. Consequently, the allowed parameter space for neutralino dark matter differs from the MSSM one. We also find that the parameter space being compatible with dark matter also predicts detectable rates for Lepton Flavour Violation at the LHC.
The evolution equations of the Yukawa couplings and quark mixings are derived for the one-loop renormalization group equations in the 5D Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model on an {$S^1 / Z_2$} orbifold. Different possibilities for the matter fields are discussed such as the cases of bulk propagating or brane localised fields. We discuss in both cases the evolution of the mass ratios and the implications for the mixing angles.
The tree level potential for a scalar multiplet of `Yukawa fields' $Y$ for one type of quarks admits the promising vacuum configuration $<Y> \propto {\rm diag}(0,0,1)$ that breaks spontaneously $SU(3)_L\times SU(3)_R$ flavour symmetry. We investigate whether the vanishing entries could be lifted to nonvanishing values by slightly perturbing the potential, thus providing a mechanism to generate the Yukawa hierarchies. For theories where at the lowest order the only massless states are Nambu-Goldstone bosons we find, as a general result, that the structure of the tree-level vacuum is perturbativ…
We investigate the possibility of satisfying the $SU(5)$ boundary condition $\mathbf{Y}^d=\mathbf{Y}^{e\,T}$ at the GUT scale within the renormalizable $R$-parity conserving Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). Working in the super-CKM basis, we consider non-zero flavour off-diagonal entries in the soft SUSY-breaking mass matrices and the $A$-terms. At the same time, the diagonal $A$-terms are assumed to be suppressed by the respective Yukawa couplings. We show that a non-trivial flavour structure of the soft SUSY-breaking sector can contribute to achieving precise Yukawa coupling uni…
The extraction of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix from flavour observables can be affected by physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). We provide a general roadmap to take this into account, which we apply to the case of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We choose a set of four input observables that determine the four Wolfenstein parameters, and discuss how the effects of dimension-six operators can be included in their definition. We provide numerical values and confidence intervals for the CKM parameters, and compare them with the results of CKM fits obtained in t…
In multi-Higgs-doublet models the alignment in flavour space of the relevant Yukawa matrices guarantees the absence of tree-level flavour-changing couplings of the neutral scalar fields. We analyze the consequences of this condition within the two-Higgs-doublet model and show that it leads to a generic Yukawa structure which contains as particular cases all known specific implementations of the model based on Z_2 symmetries. All possible freedom in the Yukawa sector gets parametrized in terms of three complex couplings. In spite of having flavour conservation in the neutral scalar couplings, t…
The evolution equations of the Yukawa couplings and quark mixings are derived for the one-loop renormalization group equations in the two Universal Extra Dimension Models (UED), that is six-dimensional models, compactified in different possible ways to yield standard four space-time dimension. Different possibilities for the matter fields are discussed, such as the case of bulk propagating or localised brane fields. We discuss in both cases the evolution of the Yukawa couplings, the Jarlskog parameter and the CKM matrix elements, and we find that, for both scenarios, as we run up to the unific…
Assuming the Minimal Flavour Violation hypothesis, we derive the general scalar potential for fields whose background values are the Yukawa couplings. We analyze the minimum of the potential and discuss the fine-tuning required to dynamically generate the mass hierarchies and the mixings between different quark generations. Two main cases are considered, corresponding to Yukawa interactions being effective operators of dimension five or six (or, equivalently, resulting from bi-fundamental and fundamental scalar fields, respectively). At the renormalizable and classical level, no mixing is natu…
In the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory, we compare the lower bounds on the scale of new physics possibly contributing to the $f\bar{f}h$ effective couplings, obtained from the measurements of different observables, under the assumption that the Wilson coefficients of the relevant dim 6 operators respect certain flavour structure: either the Minimal Flavour Violation (MFV) ansatz or a flavour symmetry, often invoked to explain the observed pattern of fermion masses and mixings. We perform a global analysis of the bounds following from the limits on the diagonal couplings …
The hierarchical structure of fermion masses and mixings strongly suggests an underlying family symmetry. In supergravity any familon field spontaneously breaking this symmetry necessarily acquires an F-term which contributes to the soft trilinear couplings. We show, as a result, mu -> e gamma decay can receive large contributions from this source at the level of current experimental bounds and thus this channel may provide the first indication of supersymmetry and a clue to the structure of the soft breaking sector. Using the mercury EDM bounds we find strong bounds on the right handed down q…
The top quark can be naturally singled out from other fermions in the Standard Model due to its large mass, of the order of the electroweak scale. We follow this reasoning in models of pseudo Nambu Goldstone Boson composite Higgs, which may derive from an underlying confining dynamics. We consider a new class of flavour models, where the top quark obtains its mass via partial compositeness, while the lighter fermions acquire their masses by a deformation of the dynamics generated at a high flavour scale. One interesting feature of such scenario is that it can avoid all the flavour constraints …
We probe the unification of down quarks and leptons in a supersymmetric SO(10) GUT. The large atmospheric neutrino mixing angle induces bR-sR transitions, which can account for the sizeable CP phase measured in Bs-Bsbar mixing. Corrections to down-quark-lepton unification from higher-dimensional Yukawa terms translate neutrino mixing also into sR-dR and bR-dR currents. We find the flavour structure of Yukawa corrections to be strongly constrained by epsilonK.
We study flavour violation in the minimal SUSY SU(5) GUT assuming all the third generation Yukawa couplings to be due to the renormalizable physics above GUT scale. At large $\tanβ,$ as suggested by Yukawa unification in SU(5), sizable flavour violation in the left (right) slepton (down squark) sector is induced due to renormalization effects of down type Yukawa couplings between GUT and Planck scales in addition to the flavour violation in the right slepton sector. The new flavour physics contribution to $K-\bar K,$ $B-\bar B$ mixing is small but might be of phenomenological interest in the c…
The Flavour Symmetry of the Standard Model (SM) gauge sector is broken by the fermion Yukawa couplings. Promoting the Yukawa matrices to scalar spurion fields, one can break the flavour symmetry spontaneously by giving appropriate vacuum expectation values (VEVs) to the spurion fields, and one encounters Goldstone modes for every broken flavour symmetry generator. In this paper, we point out various aspects related to the possible dynamical interpretation of the Goldstone bosons: (i) In an effective-theory framework with local flavour symmetry, the Goldstone fields represent the longitudinal m…
We investigate to what extent a generic, generation-dependent $U(1)$ symmetry acting on the quark Yukawa operators can reduce the number of free parameters by forcing some entries in the Yukawa matrices to vanish. The maximal reduction compatible with CP violation yields nine real parameters and one phase, which matches the number of physical observables, implying that such models have no free parameters. We derive a set of results: (i) the only possible structures have the form $M_4 \oplus M_5$, where the subscripts indicate the number of real parameters in the Yukawa matrices, (ii) there are…
We emphasize the crucial r\^ ole played by non-factorizable phases in the analysis of the Yukawa flavour structure performed in weak bases with Hermitian mass matrices and with vanishing $(1,1)$ entries. We show that non-factorizable phases are important in order to generate a sufficiently large $\sin 2 β$. A method is suggested to reconstruct the flavour structure of Yukawa couplings from input experimental data both in this Hermitian basis and in a non-Hermitian basis with a maximal number of texture zeros. The corresponding Froggatt--Nielsen patterns are presented in both cases.
A dynamical origin of the Yukawa couplings is a promising scenario to explain the flavour puzzle. The focus of this letter is set on the role of the neutrino Majorana character: when an $O(2)_{N_R}$ flavour symmetry acts on the right-handed neutrino sector, the minimum of the scalar potential allows for large mixing angles -in contrast to the simplest quark case- and predicts a maximal Majorana phase. This leads to a strong correlation between neutrino mass hierarchy and mixing pattern. Realistic solutions point to the existence of three heavy right-handed neutrinos.
We investigate the deviation in the couplings of the standard model (SM) like Higgs boson ($h$) with a mass of 125 GeV from the prediction of the SM in multi-doublet models within the framework where flavour changing neutral currents at the tree level are naturally forbidden. After we present the general expressions for the modified gauge and Yukawa couplings for $h$, we show the correlation between the deviation in the Yukawa coupling for the tau lepton $hτ^+τ^-$ and that for the bottom quark $hb\bar{b}$ under the assumption of a non-zero deviation in the $hVV$ $(V=W,Z)$ couplings in two Higg…
In a supersymmetric model with hierarchical squark masses we analyze a pattern of flavour symmetry breaking centered on the special role of the top Yukawa coupling and, by extension, of the full Yukawa couplings for the up-type quarks. For sufficiently heavy squarks of the first and second generation this leads to effective Minimal Flavour Violation of the Flavour Changing Neutral Current amplitudes. For this to happen we determine the bounds on the masses of the heavy squarks with QCD corrections taken into account, properly including previously neglected effects. We believe that the view pre…
We address the flavour problem by incorporating the hypothesis of universal strength of Yukawa couplings in the framework of a 5D GUT model compactified on an $S^1/(Z_2 \times Z_2^{\prime})$ orbifold. We show that a quantitatively successful picture of fermion masses and mixings emerges from the interplay between the bulk suppression factors of geometric origin and the phases of the Yukawa matrices. We give an explicit example, where we obtain a good fit for both the CKM and PMNS matrices.
We show that the dynamics responsible for the variation of the Yukawa couplings of the Standard Model fermions generically leads to a very strong first-order electroweak phase transition, assuming that the Yukawa couplings are large and of order 1 before the electroweak phase transition and reach their present value afterwards. There are good motivations to consider that the flavour structure could emerge during electroweak symmetry breaking, for example if the Froggatt-Nielsen field dynamics were linked to the Higgs field. In this paper, we do not need to assume any particular theory of flavo…
We show that the quark flavour structure and CP violating phenomena are strongly correlated in supersymmetric theories. For a generic pattern of supersymmetry breaking the two broad categories of Yukawa couplings, democratic and hierarchical textures, have entirely different phenomenological implications. With hierarchical Yukawas, the rephasing invariant phase, arg(V_us V_cb V_cb^* V_cs^*), in the CKM mixing matrix has to be of order unity, while the SUSY CP violating phases are severely constrained by electric dipole moments, giving rise to the so-called SUSY CP problem. With democratic Yuka…
