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arXiv 2005.11511q-bio.PEphysics.soc-ph
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COVID-19:改良SEIR模型的分析结果和不同干预策略的比较

COVID-19: Analytic results for a modified SEIR model and comparison of different intervention strategies

Arghya Das, Abhishek Dhar, Srashti Goyal, Anupam Kundu, Saurav Pandey

摘要:

SEIR流行病学模型是疾病传播的标准模型之一。在这里,我们分析了一个扩展的SEIR模型,该模型考虑了无症状携带者,据信在COVID-19传播中发挥了重要作用。对于这个模型,我们得出了一些重要的数量,如感染的峰值数量,达到峰值所需的时间和最终受影响的人口的大小的分析结果。我们还提出了一个精确的方法来指定初始条件的数值(从不足的数据)使用的事实,即早期的指数增长是很好地描述的主导特征向量的线性化方程。其次,我们探讨了不同的干预策略,如社会距离(SD)和测试-再测试(TQ)的效果。两种干预策略(SD和TQ)试图将疾病繁殖数$R_0$降低到目标值$R^{\rm target}_0 < 1$,但方式不同,我们在模型方程中实现了这一点。我们发现,对于相同的$R^{\rm target}_0 < 1$,TQ比SD更有效地控制流行。然而,为了使TQ有效,它必须基于接触者追踪,我们的研究量化了每天测试与每天新病例数量的所需比例。我们的分析表明,线性动力学的最大特征值提供了对疾病进展的简单理解,包括干预前和干预后,并解释了许多国家的观察数据。我们将我们的结果应用于印度的COVID数据,以获得对大流行过程的启发式预测,并注意到预测在很大程度上取决于假设的无症状携带者比例。

英文摘要:

The Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) epidemiological model is one of the standard models of disease spreading. Here we analyse an extended SEIR model that accounts for asymptomatic carriers, believed to play an important role in COVID-19 transmission. For this model we derive a number of analytic results for important quantities such as the peak number of infections, the time taken to reach the peak and the size of the final affected population. We also propose an accurate way of specifying initial conditions for the numerics (from insufficient data) using the fact that the early time exponential growth is well-described by the dominant eigenvector of the linearized equations. Secondly we explore the effect of different intervention strategies such as social distancing (SD) and testing-quarantining (TQ). The two intervention strategies (SD and TQ) try to reduce the disease reproductive number, $R_0$, to a target value $R^{\rm target}_0 < 1$, but in distinct ways, which we implement in our model equations. We find that for the same $R^{\rm target}_0 < 1$, TQ is more efficient in controlling the pandemic than SD. However, for TQ to be effective, it has to be based on contact tracing and our study quantifies the required ratio of tests-per-day to the number of new cases-per-day. Our analysis shows that the largest eigenvalue of the linearised dynamics provides a simple understanding of the disease progression, both pre- and post- intervention, and explains observed data for many countries. We apply our results to the COVID data for India to obtain heuristic projections for the course of the pandemic, and note that the predictions strongly depend on the assumed fraction of asymptomatic carriers.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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