We study quantum chaos of rotating BTZ black holes in Topologically Massive gravity (TMG). We discuss the relationship between chaos parameters including Lyapunov exponents and butterfly velocities from shock wave calculations of out-of-time-order correlators (OTOC) and from pole-skipping analysis. We find a partial match between pole-skipping and the OTOC results in the high temperature regime. We also find that the velocity bound puts a chaos constraint on the gravitational Chern-Simons coupling.
An uncomplicated and easily handling prescription that converts the task of checking the unitarity of massive, topologically massive, models into a straightforward algebraic exercise, is developed. The algorithm is used to test the unitarity of both topologically massive higher-derivative electromagnetism and topologically massive higher-derivative gravity. The novel and amazing features of these effective field models are also discussed.
The superfield equations of massive IIA supergravity, in the form of constraints on the superspace geometry, are shown to be implied by $κ$-symmetry of the topologically massive D-2-brane.
We investigate the topologically new massive gravity in three dimensions. It turns out that a single massive mode is propagating in the flat spacetime, comparing to the conformal Chern-Simons gravity which has no physically propagating degrees of freedom. Also we discuss the realization of the BMS/GCA correspondence.
The addition of a topologically massive term to an admittedly non-unitary three-dimensional massive model, be it an electromagnetic system or a gravitational one, does not cure its non-unitarity. What about the enlargement of avowedly unitary massive models by way of a topologically massive term? The electromagnetic models remain unitary after the topological augmentation but, surprisingly enough, the gravitational ones have their unitarity spoiled. Here we analyze these issues and present the explanation why unitary massive gravitational models, unlike unitary massive electromagnetic ones, ca…
We consider renormalizability of topologically massive gravity in three space-time dimensions. With a usual parametrization of the metric tensor, we establish the statement that topologically massive gravity is in fact renormalizable. In this proof, we make use of not only a recently found, new infrared regularization method of scalar mode but also a covariant ultraviolet regulator with a specific combination of higher derivative terms which is motivated by the new massive gravity in three dimensions.
We show that the linking number of two homologically trivial disjoint $p$ and $(D-p-1)$-dimensional submanifolds of a $D$-dimensional manifold can be derived from the topologically massive $BC$ theory in low energy regime.
We find the critical charge for a topologically massive gauge theory for any gauge group, generalising our earlier result for SU(2). The relation between critical charges in TMGT, singular vectors in the WZNW model and logarithmic CFT is investigated.
We study topologically massive (B \wedge F) Abelian and non-Abelian gauge theories in four dimensions, and reduce them to three dimensions by assuming that the fields do not propagate in one of the spatial directions. For certain gauge choices the reduced theories are the Jackiw-Pi models of massive gauge fields.
We thereby prove that a large class of topologically massive theories of the Cremmer-Scherk-Kalb-Ramond-type in any $d$ dimensions corresponds to gauge non-invariant first-order theories that can be interpreted as self-dual models.
For a (2+1)-dimensional topologically massive Born-Infeld theory, we compute the interaction potential within the structure of the gauge-invariant but path-dependent variables formalism. The result is equivalent to that of $QED_3$ with a Thirring interaction term among fermions, in the short distance regime.
We calculate quasinormal modes of a massive scalar perturbation on the topologically massive black hole (CS-BTZ black hole). The chiral point of $μ\ell=1$ corresponds to a newly extremal black hole. We show that there is no quasinormal modes at this point. Accordingly, we prove the unitarity of the CS-BTZ black hole at the chiral point.
We construct a "Chern-Simons-like" action for N=1 Topologically Massive Supergravity from the Chern-Simons actions of N=1 Supergravity and Conformal Supergravity. We convert this action into Hamiltonian form and use this to demonstrate that the theory propagates a single massive (2, 3/2) supermultiplet.
We define conserved gravitational charges in -cosmologically extended- topologically massive gravity, exhibit them in surface integral form about their de-Sitter or flat vacua and verify their correctness in terms of two basic types of solution.
We consider the four dimensional topologically massive electrodynamics in which a gauge field is interacting with 2nd rank antisymmetric tensor field through a topological interaction. The photon becomes massive by eating the 2nd rank tensor field, which is dual to the Higgs mechanism. We explicitly demonstrate the nature of the mechanism by performing a canonical analysis of the theory and discuss various aspects of it.
Using the principles of the modern scattering amplitudes programme, we develop a formalism for constructing the amplitudes of three-dimensional topologically massive gauge theories and gravity. Inspired by recent developments in four dimensions, we construct the three-dimensional equivalent of $x$-variables for conserved matter currents coupled to topologically massive gauge bosons or gravitons. Using these, we bootstrap various matter-coupled gauge-theory and gravitational scattering amplitudes, and conjecture that topologically massive gauge theory and topologically massive gravity are relat…
We explicitly calculate the one-loop effective potential for the supersymmetric topologically massive gauge theory in four dimensions, where the chiral scalar superfield is directly coupled to the field strength for the gauge spinor superfield.
I discuss the applicability in Weyl-invariant induced gravity and topologically massive gravity of certain formulas originally derived by Knizhnik, Polyakov, and Zamolodchikov in the context of diffeomorphism-invariant induced gravity.
We analyse the equivalence between topologically massive gauge theory (TMGT) and different formulations of non-topologically massive gauge theories (NTMGTs) in the canonical approach. The different NTMGTs studied are Stückelberg formulation of (A) a first order formulation involving one and two form fields, (B) Proca theory, and (C) massive Kalb-Ramond theory. We first quantise these reducible gauge systems by using the phase space extension procedure and using it, identify the phase space variables of NTMGTs which are equivalent to the canonical variables of TMGT and show that under this the …
We calculate the running of the three coupling constants in cosmological, topologically massive 3d gravity. We find that ν, the dimensionless coefficient of the Chern-Simons term, has vanishing beta function. The flow of the cosmological constant and Newton's constant depends on ν, and for any positive νthere exist both a trivial and a nontrivial fixed point.
We discuss locally Weyl (scale) covariant generalisations of gravitational theories using Riemann-Cartan-Weyl space-times in arbitrary dimensions. We demonstrate the procedure of Weyl gauging on two examples in particular: General relativity, and topologically massive gravity in three dimensions.
Using the superfield formalism and the master action approach, we prove, both at the classical and quantum levels, the dual equivalence between four-dimensional supersymmetric self-dual and topologically massive models coupled to dynamical matter.
We study the conserved charges of supersymmetric solutions in the topologically massive gravity theory for both asymptotically flat and constant curvature geometries.
We study van Dam-Veltman-Zakharov discontinuity in the topologically new massive gravity (TNMG). The reduction from 2 degrees of freedom to one is interpreted as van Dam-Veltman-Zakharov discontinuity appeared when going from anti-de Sitter spacetime to Minkowski spacetime in the linearized TNMG.
We demonstrate the classical stability of the BTZ black hole within the context of topologically massive gravity. The linearized perturbation equations can be solved exactly in this case. By choosing standard boundary conditions appropriate to the stability problem, we demonstrate the absence of modes which grow in time, for all values of the Chern-Simons coupling.
The (2+1) dimensional non-linear electrodynamics, the so called Pagels--Tomboulis electrodynamics, with the Chern--Simons term is considered. We obtain "generalized self--dual equation" and find the corresponding generalized massive Chern--Simons Lagrangian. Similar results for (2+1) massive dilaton electrodynamics have been obtained.
We discuss the structure of the vacua in $O(2)$ topologically massive gauge theory on a torus. Since $O(2)$ has two connected components, there are four classical vacua. The different vacua impose different boundary conditions on the gauge potentials. We also discuss the non-perturbative transitions between the vacua induced by vortices of the theory.
We construct a novel topologically massive abelian Chern-Simons gauge theory with 32 global supersymmetries in three spacetime dimensions. In spite of the 32 supercharges, the theory exhibits massive excitations only up to spin 1. The possibility of such a multiplet shortening is due to the presence of non-central R-symmetry generators in the Poincare superalgebra, whose supermultiplets are determined.
We manifestly verify that the miraculous cancellation of the infrared divergence of the topologically massive Yang-Mills theory in the Landau gauge is completely determined by a new vector symmetry existing in its large topological mass limit, the Chern-Simons theory. Furthermore, we show that the cancellation theorem proposed by Pisarski and Rao is an inevitable consequence of this new vector symmetry.
We present an exact solution in 3-dimensional topologically massive gravity with negative cosmological constant which dynamically interpolates between a past horizon and a chiral AdS pp-wave. Similarly, upon time reversal, one obtains an AdS pp-wave with a future event horizon
In an abelian topologically massive gauge theory, any eigenstate of the Hamiltonian can be decomposed into a factor describing massive propagating gauge bosons and a Chern-Simons wave function describing a set of nonpropagating ``topological'' excitations. The energy depends only on the propagating modes, and energy eigenstates thus occur with a degeneracy that can be parametrized by the Hilbert space of the pure Chern-Simons theory. We show that for a {\em nonabelian} topologically massive gauge theory, this degeneracy is lifted: although the Gauss law constraint can be solved with a similar …
We discuss the possibility for the spectrum of topologically massive quantum electrodynamics with spinor matter fields to contain unexpected and unusual stable particle excitations for certain values of the topological photon mass. The new field theoretical phenomena arising from this novel spectral structure are briefly discussed.
We discuss the evaluation of observables in two-dimensional conformal field theory using the topological membrane description. We show that the spectrum of anomalous dimensions can be obtained perturbatively from the topologically massive quantum field theories by computing radiative corrections to Aharonov-Bohm scattering amplitudes for dynamical charged matter fields. The one-loop corrections in the case of topologically massive Yang-Mills theory are shown to coincide with the scaling dimensions of the induced ordinary and supersymmetric WZNW models. We examine the effects of the dressing of…
The asymptotic solutions of cosmological topologically massive gravity (TMG) are analyzed for values of the mass parameter in the range $μ\geq1$. At non-chiral values, a new term in the Fefferman-Graham expansion is needed to capture the bulk degree of freedom. The CDWW modes provide a basis for the pure non-Einstein solutions at all $μ$, with nonlinear corrections appearing at higher order in the expansion.
The solution of topologically massive gravity with cosmological constant is reduced, for space-times with two commuting Killing vectors, to a special-relativistic dynamical problem. This approach is applied to the construction of a class of exact sourceless, horizonless solutions asymptotic to the BTZ extreme black holes.
We construct two classes of exact solutions to the field equations of topologically massive electrodynamics coupled to topologically massive gravity in 2 + 1 dimensions. The self-dual stationary solutions of the first class are horizonless, asymptotic to the extreme BTZ black-hole metric, and regular for a suitable parameter domain. The diagonal solutions of the second class, which exist if the two Chern-Simons coupling constants exactly balance, include anisotropic cosmologies and static solutions with a pointlike horizon.
We investigate in which sense, at the linearized level, one can extend the 3D topologically massive gravity theory beyond three dimensions. We show that, for each k=1,2,3... a free topologically massive gauge theory in 4k-1 dimensions can be defined describing a massive "spin-2" particle provided one uses a non-standard representation of the massive "spin-2" state which makes use of a two-column Young tableau where each column is of height 2k-1. We work out the case of k=2, i.e. 7D, and show, by canonical analysis, that the model describes, unitarily, 35 massive "spin-2" degrees of freedom. Th…
I review how "classical SUGRA" embeddability establishes positive energy E for D=3 topologically massive gravity (TMG), with or without a cosmological term, a procedure familiar from D=4 Einstein gravity (GR). It also provides explicit expressions for E. In contrast to GR, E is not manifestly positive, due to the peculiar two-term nature of TMG.
We investigate the perturbative dynamics of noncommutative topologically massive gauge theories with softly broken supersymmetry. The deformed dispersion relations induced by noncommutativity are derived and their implications on the quantum consistency of the theory are discussed.
We describe the construction of $2+1$-dimensional toplogically massive adS gravity with ${\mathcal{N}}$-extended supersymmetry in superspace by means of introducing a compensating hypermultiplet for the super-Weyl invariance. For $\mathcal{N}\geq 3$ the scalar multiplet must be on shell and the potential for the scalar compensator is completely determined by the geometry. As a consequence the resulting massive theory has no free parameter for $\mathcal{N}\geq 4$. For $\mathcal{N}= 4$ we show that this leads to topologically massive gravity at the chiral point and construct the corresponding of…
We explore topologically massive gauge theories using the covariant colour kinematics duality recently introduced by Cheung and Mangan. We show that the massive bi-adjoint scalar field is simply related to topologically massive gauge theory by the duality, and that enacting the same duality on the gauge theory produces topologically massive gravity coupled to a scalar or, equivalently, an antisymmetric field. We also show that different choices for the replacement of the colour structure constants with kinematic structure constants lead to different theories, including a topologically massive …
The entropy of a Bañados, Teitelboim, and Zanelli black hole in topologically massive gravity had been given with the form inconsistent with the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. In the paper, we provide a consistent statistical interpretation for the entropy, and confirm it to be thermodynamic entropy by preserving the first and second laws. As a novel extension, the logarithmic correction to the black hole entropy is also discussed.
We construct, and establish the (covariant) conservation of, a 4-index "super-stress tensor" for TMG. Separately, we discuss its invalidity in quadratic curvature models and suggest a generalization.
We quantize the Einstein gravity in the formalism of weak gravitational fields by using the constrained Hamiltonian method. Special emphasis is given to the 2+1 spacetime dimensional case where a (topological) Chern-Simons term is added to the Lagrangian.
We construct a Weyl-invariant extension of topologically massive gravity which, remarkably, turns out to include topologically massive electrodynamics, with a Proca mass term, conformally coupled to a scalar field. The action has no dimensionful parameters, therefore, the masses are generated via symmetry breaking either radiatively in flat backgrounds or spontaneously in constant curvature backgrounds. The broken phase of the theory, generically, has a single massive spin-2 and a massive spin-1 excitation. Chiral gravity in asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes does not arise as a low ener…
We study the topologically massive gravity at the chiral point (chiral gravity) by using the logarithmic conformal field theory. Two new tensor fields of $ψ^{new}$ and $X$ are introduced for a candidate of propagating physical field at the chiral point. However, we show that ($ψ^{new},ψ^L$) form a dipole ghost pair of unphysical fields and $X$ is not a primary. This implies that there is no physically propagating degrees of freedom at the chiral point.
We show that, with the help of a general BRST symmetry, different theories in 3 dimensions can be connected through a fundamental topological field theory related to the classical limit of the Chern-Simons model.
By applying the Faddeev-Jackiw symplectic approach we systematically show that both the local gauge symmetry and the constraint structure of topologically massive gravity with a cosmological constant $Λ$, elegantly encoded in the zero-modes of the symplectic matrix, can be identified. Thereafter, via an appropriate partial gauge-fixing procedure, the time gauge, we calculate the quantization bracket structure (generalized Faddeev-Jackiw brackets) for the dynamic variables and confirm that the number of physical degrees of freedom is one. This approach provides an alternative to explore the dyn…
We calculate the one loop partition function for topologically massive higher spin gravity (TMHSG) for arbitrary spin by taking the spin-3 TMHSG action constructed in arXiv:1107.0915 and subsequently generalising it for an arbitrary spin. We find that the final result can be put into a product form which cannot be holomorphically factorized giving strong evidence that the topologically massive higher spin gravity is dual to a high spin extension of logarithmic CFT rather than a chiral one.
We calculate the free energy from the on-shell action for topologically massive gravity with negative and vanishing cosmological constant, thereby providing a first principles derivation of the free energy of Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black holes and flat space cosmologies. We summarize related recent checks of flat space holography.
We consider (4+1)-dimensional topologically massive tensor gauge theory. This theory is an analog of the (2+1)-dimensional topologically massive Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory. If the space has a boundary, we find that a (3+1)-dimensional gapless theory appears at the boundary. This gapless theory is a chiral version of the (3+1)-dimensional $φ$ theory. This gapless theory is protected by the anomaly inflow mechanism of subsystem symmetry. We also consider the corner of our topologically massive tensor gauge theory, and find that an infinite number of (1+1)-dimensional chiral bosons appear at the…
Wolfgang Kummer was a pioneer of two-dimensional gravity and a strong advocate of the first order formulation in terms of Cartan variables. In the present work we apply Wolfgang Kummer's philosophy, the `Vienna School approach', to a specific three-dimensional model of gravity, cosmological topologically massive gravity at the chiral point. Exploiting a new Chern-Simons representation we perform a canonical analysis. The dimension of the physical phase space is two per point, and thus the theory exhibits a local physical degree of freedom, the topologically massive graviton.
The set of degenerate ground states of an arbitrary nonabelian topologically massive gauge theory is shown to be in one-to-one correspondence with the Hilbert space of the associated pure Chern-Simons theory. (Paper is being withdrawn: original conclusion is incorrect for the nonabelian case. For a correct treatment, see M. Asorey, S. Carlip, and F. Falceto, hep-th/9304081.)
The first order form of a three dimensional U(1) gauge theory in which a gauge invariant mass term appears is analyzed using the Dirac procedure. The form of the gauge transformation which leaves the action invariant is derived from the constraints present.
We show that the renormalized vacuum expectation value of the Wilson loop for topologically massive abelian gauge theory in $\RR^3$ can be defined so that its large-mass limit be the renormalized vacuum expectation value of the Wilson loop for abelian Chern-Simons theory also in $\RR^3$.
At a critical ``chiral'' coupling, topologically massive gravity with a negative cosmological constant exhibits several unusual features, including the emergence of a new logarithmic branch of solutions and a linearization instability for certain boundary conditions. I show that at this coupling, the linearized theory may be parametrized by a free scalar field at the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound, and use this description to investigate these features.
We present the covariant symplectic structure of the Topologically Massive Gravity and find a compact expression for the conserved charges of generic spacetimes with Killing symmetries.
We determine the black hole quasi-normal mode spectrum for tensor perturbations in topologically massive AdS-gravity. In the special case of chiral gravity quasi-normal modes are absent despite of the presence of a horizon. In the process we uncover a simple algebraic structure in the quasi normal modes spectrum: the tower of QNM's consists of descendents of a "chiral highest weight'' QNM which in turn satisfies a first order equation.
We re-derive, compactly, a TMG decoupling theorem: source-free TMG separates into its Einstein and Cotton sectors for spaces with a hypersurface-orthogonal Killing vector, here concretely for circular symmetry. We can then generalize it to include matter, which is necessarily null.
We compute the one-loop beta functions of the cosmological constant, Newton's constant and the topological mass in topologically massive supergravity in three dimensions. We use a variant of the proper time method supplemented by a simple choice of cutoff function. We find that the dimensionless coefficient of the Chern-Simons term, $ν$, has vanishing beta function. The flow of the cosmological constant and Newton's constant depends on $ν$; we study analytically the structure of the flow and its fixed points in the limits of small and large $ν$.
