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arXiv 2005.07791q-bio.PEphysics.soc-ph
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COVID-19流行病的城市规模

Urban Scaling of COVID-19 epidemics

Ben-Hur Francisco Cardoso, Sebastián Gonçalves

摘要:

由于COVID-19大流行,对易感-无效-无效(SIR)数学模型的需求很高。它们被用于标准公式,或通过许多变体,试图拟合并有望预测未来几天或几周内任何地方,城市或国家的新病例数量。这是当局为卫生系统需求做好准备或实施限制以减缓传染曲线的关键知识。即使当模型可以很容易地解决-通过使用专门的软件或通过编程的微分方程的数值解,代表模型-,预测是一个不容易的任务,因为人们的行为变化反映在一个连续的变化的参数。一个相关的问题是,我们可以从一个城市到另一个城市利用什么;如果在马德里发生的事情可以适用于纽约,那么,我们从这个城市学到的东西是否对圣保罗有用。考虑到这一想法,我们分析了COVID-19的传播率相关指标,作为美国所有县的人口密度和人口规模的函数,以及巴西城市和德国城市。与流行病建模中的常见假设相反,我们观察到城市人口密度和人口规模越高,{\em人均}接触率越高。此外,我们发现,人口规模有一个更好的解释效果比人口密度。接触率标度理论提出了解释的结果。

英文摘要:

Susceptible-Invective-Recovered (SIR) mathematical models are in high demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic. They are used in their standard formulation, or through the many variants, trying to fit and hopefully predict the number of new cases for the next days or weeks, in any place, city, or country. Such is key knowledge for the authorities to prepare for the health systems demand or to apply restrictions to slow down the infectives curve. Even when the model can be easily solved ---by the use of specialized software or by programming the numerical solution of the differential equations that represent the model---, the prediction is a non-easy task, because the behavioral change of people is reflected in a continuous change of the parameters. A relevant question is what we can use of one city to another; if what happened in Madrid could have been applied to New York and then, if what we have learned from this city would be of use for São Paulo. With this idea in mind, we present an analysis of a spreading-rate related measure of COVID-19 as a function of population density and population size for all US counties, as long as for Brazilian cities and German cities. Contrary to what is the common hypothesis in epidemics modeling, we observe a higher {\em per-capita} contact rate for higher city's population density and population size. Also, we find that the population size has a more explanatory effect than the population density. A contact rate scaling theory is proposed to explain the results.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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