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arXiv 2004.04608physics.soc-phq-bio.PE
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时间、空间和社会互动:新冠肺炎疫情的退出机制

Time, Space and Social Interactions: Exit Mechanisms for the Covid-19 Epidemics

Antonio Scala, Andrea Flori, Alessandro Spelta, Emanuele Brugnoli, Matteo Cinelli, Walter Quattrociocchi, Fabio Pammolli

摘要:

我们开发了一个极简房室模型,以研究新冠肺炎疫情期间意大利流动限制的影响。我们发现,早期封锁会使疫情在时间上发生变化,而超过封锁强度的临界值,疫情往往会在解除限制后重新开始。因此,必须采取具体的缓解战略。我们的特点是不同的广泛战略的相对重要性,占异质性的两个基本来源,即地理和人口。首先,我们认为意大利各地区作为独立的行政实体,在其中发生的年龄阶层之间的社会互动。由于区域间流动矩阵稀疏,一旦开始,流行病往往在各地区独立发展,因此有理由采取针对个别区域或区域集群的解决办法。其次,我们表明,年龄阶层之间的社会联系发挥着根本性的作用,并考虑到人口的年龄结构的措施可以提供一个显着的贡献,以减轻反弹效应。我们的模型是通用的,虽然它没有分析具体的缓解策略,但它突出了一些关键参数对流行病非药物缓解机制的相关性。

英文摘要:

We develop a minimalist compartmental model to study the impact of mobility restrictions in Italy during the Covid-19 outbreak. We show that an early lockdown shifts the epidemic in time, while that beyond a critical value of the lockdown strength, the epidemic tend to restart after lifting the restrictions. As a consequence, specific mitigation strategies must be introduced. We characterize the relative importance of different broad strategies by accounting for two fundamental sources of heterogeneity, i.e. geography and demography. First, we consider Italian regions as separate administrative entities, in which social interactions between age classs occur. Due to the sparsity of the inter-regional mobility matrix, once started the epidemics tend to develop independently across areas, justifying the adoption of solutions specific to individual regions or to clusters of regions. Second, we show that social contacts between age classes play a fundamental role and that measures which take into account the age structure of the population can provide a significant contribution to mitigate the rebound effects. Our model is general, and while it does not analyze specific mitigation strategies, it highlights the relevance of some key parameters on non-pharmaceutical mitigation mechanisms for the epidemics.

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