In this work we show the step by step calculations needed to quantify the contribution of a three-loop order diagram with dihedral symmetry to the radiative corrections of the pressure in SU(2) thermal Yang-Mills theory in deconfining phase. We surveyed past developments, and performed computations for separate channel combinations, defined by Mandelstam variables which are constrained by two 4-vertices. An analytically integrable approximation for high-temperature conditions was found, to verify the relevance of the corrections for this diagram. A numerical analysis with Monte Carlo methods was carried out to check the validity of such approximation, to compare it with the full integral. A Dyson-Schwinger resummation had to be performed to all dihedral loop orders in order to control the temperature dependency found.
We point out that charge conjugation and coordinate reflection symmetries do not commute with the center symmetry of $SU(N)$ YM theory when $N>2$. As a result, for generic values of the $θ$ angle, the group of discrete zero-form symmetries of YM theory on e.g. the spacetime manifold $\mathbb{R}^3\times S^1$ includes the dihedral group $D_{2N}$ which is non-Abelian for $N>2$. At $θ= π$, the non-Abelian factor in the symmetry group is enhanced to $D_{4N}$ due to discrete 't Hooft anomaly considerations. We illustrate these results in YM theory as well as in a simple quantum mechanical model, whe…
We find new decoupling limits of N=4 super Yang-Mills (SYM) on R x S^3 with gauge group SU(N). These decoupling limits lead to decoupled theories that are much simpler than the full N=4 SYM but still contain many of its interesting features. The decoupling limits correspond to being in a near-critical region, near a point with zero temperature and critical chemical potentials. The new decoupling limits are found by generalizing the limits of hep-th/0605234 to include not only the chemical potentials for the SU(4) R-symmetry of N=4 SYM but also the chemical potentials corresponding to the SO(4)…
We propose a trick which enables one to incorporate the Gribov horizon into the Schwinger-Dyson equation in Landau and Coulomb gauge Yang-Mills theory, using the Gribov-Zwanziger framework with the horizon term. We find a family of solutions parameterized by one-parameter $w_R(0)$ which was overlooked so far by assuming to be zero implicitly. The family includes both the scaling and decoupling solutions, and specification of the parameter discriminates between them. In the Landau gauge we discuss a possible decoupling solution satisfying the Kugo-Ojima criterion for color confinement.
The infrared behavior of gluon and ghost propagators in Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory has been at the center of an intense debate over the last decade. Different solutions of the Dyson-Schwinger equations show a different behavior of the propagators in the infrared: in the so-called scaling solutions both propagators follow a power law, while in the decoupling solutions the gluon propagator shows a massive behavior. The latest lattice results favor the decoupling solutions. In this contribution, after giving a brief overview of the present status of analytical and semi-analytical approaches t…
We study decoupling limits and S-dualities for noncommutative open string/ Yang-Mills theory in a gravity setup by considering an $SL(2,Z)$ invariant supergravity solution of the form ((F, D1), D3) bound state of type IIB string theory. This configuration can be regarded as D3-branes with both electric and magnetic fields turned on along one of the spatial directions of the brane and preserves half of the space-time supersymmetries of the string theory. Our study indicates that there exists a decoupling limit for which the resulting theory is an open string theory defined in a geometry with no…
We analyze in an effective Lagrangian framework the connection between Super QCD (Super Yang Mills) and QCD (Yang Mills) by highlighting the crucial role that the zero modes play in the process of decoupling gluinos and squarks.
The study of the Dyson-Schwinger equations of Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory has revealed two types of solutions for the gluon and ghost propagators, with a scaling and a massive (decoupling) behavior in the extreme infrared, respectively. We show that both types of solutions are quantitatively reproduced by applying renormalization group equations of Callan-Symanzik type in an epsilon expansion to the infrared limit of Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory when a mass term for the gluons is added to the action. Only the decoupling solution corresponds to an infrared-stable fixed point in three and f…
We proved the color reflection relation, U(1)-decoupling, Kleiss-Kuijf and Bern-Carrasco-Johansson relation for color-ordered $\mathcal{N}=4$ Super Yang-Mills theory using $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM version BCFW recursion relation, which depends only on the general properties of super-amplitudes. This verified the conjectured matter fields BCJ relation. We also show that color reflection relation and U(1)-decoupling relation are special cases of KK relation, if we consider the KK relation as a general relation, then the former two relations come out naturally as the special cases.
In this short note we suggest that the singular behavior of large gauge transformations preserving the vacuum at null infinity in Yang-Mills theory implies monopoles into the bulk, as well as that the inclusion of a theta term induces a decoupling between holomorphic and anti-holomorphic currents associated to those large gauge transformations
We present a very simple and explicit procedure for nonlocalizing the action of any theory which can be formulated perturbatively. When the resulting nonlocal field theory is quantized using the functional formalism --- with unit measure factor --- its Green's functions are finite to all orders. The construction also ensures perturbative unitarity to all orders for scalars with nonderivative interactions, however, decoupling is lost at one loop when vector and tensor quanta are present. Decoupling can be restored (again, to all orders) if a suitable measure factor exists. We compute the requir…
We consider the double copy of massive Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions, whose decoupling limit is a nonlinear sigma model. The latter may be regarded as the leading terms in the low energy effective theory of a heavy Higgs model, in which the Higgs has been integrated out. The obtained double copy effective field theory contains a massive spin-2, massive spin-1 and a massive spin-0 field, and we construct explicitly its interacting Lagrangian up to fourth order in fields. We find that up to this order, the spin-2 self interactions match those of the dRGT massive gravity theory, and that a…
We show that in a certain region of a negative coordinate axis, the U(1amaharia) sector of the static dyonic solutions to the noncommutative U(4) N=4 Super Yang-Mills (SYM) can be consistently decoupled from the SU(4) to {\it all orders in the noncommutativity parameter}. We show the above decoupling in two ways. First, we show the noncommutative dyon being the same as the commutative dyon, is a consistent solution to noncommutative equations of motion in that region of noncommutative space. Second, as an example of decoupling of a non-null U(1) sector, we also obtain a family of solutions wit…
We consider electric-magnetic duality(S-duality) in IIB matrix model with a D3-brane background. We propose the duality transformation by considering that of noncommutative Yang-Mills theory(NCYM) in four dimension. NCYM derived from the matrix model has a Yang-Mills coupling related to the noncommutativity of the spacetime. We argue that open strings bits as bi-local fields on the spacetime are decoupled from the bulk in NCOS decoupling limits as it is in string theory approach. We also discuss how our four dimensional spacetime relates to higher, by applying the decoupling and the commutativ…
We give a microscopic explanation for the recently observed equivalence among thermodynamics of supergravity solutions for Dp-branes with or without NS B-field and for D(p-2)-branes with vanishing B-field and two delocalized transverse directions by showing that these D-brane configurations are related to one another through T-duality transformations. This result also gives an evidence for the equivalence among the noncommutative and the ordinary Yang-Mills theories corresponding to the decoupling limits of the worldvolume theories of such D-brane configurations.
Following the spirit of S-matrix program, we proposed a modified Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten recursion relation for tree amplitudes of noncommutative U(N) Yang-Mills theory. Starting from three-point amplitudes, one can use this modified BCFW recursion relation to compute or analyze color-ordered tree amplitudes without relying on any detail information of noncommutative Yang-Mills theory. After clarifying the color structure of noncommutative tree amplitudes, we wrote down the noncommutative analogies of U(1)-decoupling, Kleiss-Kuijf and Bern-Carrasco-Johansson relations for color-ordered tree…
We construct a solution of eleven dimensional supergravity corresponding to a stack of M2 branes localized at the center of a particular eight dimensional hyper-Kaehler manifold constructed by Gauntlett, Gibbons, Papadopoulos, and Townsend, generalizing the earlier construction of Cherkis and Hashimoto. In the decoupling limit, this solution is dual to a Chern-Simons/Yang-Mills/Matter theory in 2+1 dimensions with N=3 supersymmetry, which flows in the infra red to a superconformal Chern-Simons/Matter system preserving N=6,8 supersymmetry, constructed recently by Aharony, Bergman, Jafferis, and…
We obtain new relations between Einstein-Yang-Mills (EYM) amplitudes involving N gauge bosons plus a single graviton and pure Yang-Mills amplitudes involving N gauge bosons plus one additional vector boson inserted in a way typical for a gauge boson of a "spectator" group commuting with the group associated to original N gauge bosons. We show that such EYM amplitudes satisfy U(1) decoupling relations similar to Kleiss-Kuijf relations for Yang-Mills amplitudes. We consider a D-brane embedding of EYM amplitudes in the framework of disk amplitudes involving open and closed strings. A new set of m…
We discuss the gravity dual description for a non-commutative Yang-Mills theory, which reduces to that on AdS_{5} x S_{5} in the commutative limit. It is found that doubletons do not decouple in this dual gravity description unless one takes the commutative limit. The decoupling of the doubletons in AdS_{5} space implies that the dual gauge theory has SU(N) gauge symmetry. Our result implies that this gravity description is dual to non-commutative U(N) gauge theory. It is compatible with the claim that U(1) and SU(N) gauge symmetries can not separate in non-commutative U(N) gauge theory.
We device an efficient book-keeping of excluded energy-sign and scattering-channel combinations for the loop four-momenta associated with massive quasi-particles, circulating in (connected) bubble diagrams subject to vertex constraints inherited from the thermal ground state. The according radiative corrections modify the free thermal-quasiparticle pressure at one loop. Increasing the loop order in two-particle irreducible (2PI) bubble diagrams, we exemplarily demonstrate a suppressing effect of the vertex constraints on the number of valid combinations. This increasingly strong suppression ga…
Infrared divergences in scattering amplitudes arise when a loop momentum $\ell$ becomes collinear with a massless external momentum $p$. In gauge theories, it is known that the L-loop logarithm of a planar amplitude has much softer infrared singularities than the L-loop amplitude itself. We argue that planar amplitudes in N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory enjoy softer than expected behavior as $\ell \parallel p$ already at the level of the integrand. Moreover, we conjecture that the four-point integrand can be uniquely determined, to any loop-order, by imposing the correct soft-behavior of the logar…
A variety of unitary gauges for perturbation theory in a background field is considered in order to find those most suitable for a Hamiltonian treatment of the system. We select two convenient gauges and derive the propagators $D_{μν}$ for gluonic quantum fluctuations immersed in background configurations. The first one is a unitary generalization of the usual Coulomb gauge in QED which preserves the decoupling of two propagating polarizations from the instantaneous one. The second possibility is the axial light cone gauge which remains ghost free also in the presence of a background. Applicat…
We apply the standard technique of Null Melvin Twist to the non-extremal (D1, D3) bound state configuration of type IIB string theory. Under a particular decoupling limit, such configuration represents the gravity dual of the non-relativistic, non-commutative Yang-Mills theory at a finite temperature. We then use the AdS/CFT and the string probe approach to compute the drag force on an external quark moving through such a hot non-relativistic, non-commutative YM plasma. We discuss various limiting cases to show the interplay between the non-relativistic as well as the non-commutative effect of…
In this Letter, we propose a model which is equivalent to the Yang-Mills theory at long distances but for which all symmetries are realized linearly. On top of the gauge and Fadeev-Popov ghosts fields, the model presents several massive fields, all of which can be merged in a unique vector field with support in a curved superspace. The equivalence of this model with the gauge-fixed Yang-Mills theory is shown to result from the decoupling of these extra massive modes at small momenta. Most of the symmetries of Yang-Mills theory, including the famous BRST symmetry, can be interpreted in this way…
We present results for the propagators and the ghost-gluon vertex of Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory obtained from Dyson-Schwinger equations. Solving these three quantities simultaneously constitutes a new step in truncating these equations. We also introduce a new model for the three-gluon vertex that is motivated by lattice results. It features a zero crossing which is confirmed a posteriori by a Dyson-Schwinger calculation. Within our setup we can reproduce lattice data very well. We establish that also for the ghost-gluon vertex a difference between decoupling and scaling solutions is prese…
We use holography and a string probe approach to compute the drag force on a quark moving in a thermal plasma of non-commutative Yang-Mills (NCYM) theories in various dimensions. The gravity background in these cases are described by a particular decoupling limit of non-extremal (D$(p-2)$, D$p$) brane bound state system. We show how the drag force on an external quark moving in the dual NCYM theories gets corrected due to non-commutativity and as a result the effective viscosity of the plasma gets reduced. We have obtained the drag force for both small and large non-commutativity. This was kno…
We discuss origin of equivalence between noncommutative and ordinary Yang-Mills from point of view of string theory. Working in BRST/Hamiltonian framework first we investigate string model in the decoupling limit and show that change of variables and applying the conversion of constraints of decoupled string theory gives commuting coordinates on the D-brane. Also, we discuss algebra of constraints in general case and show the ways of having commutative coordinates without going to decoupling limit. It could be argued that noncommutative string in B-field is equivalent to the commutative model.…
A BRST perturbative analysis of SU(N) Yang-Mills theory in a class of maximal Abelian gauges is presented. We point out the existence of a new nonintegrated renormalizable Ward identity which allows to control the dependence of the theory from the diagonal ghosts. This identity, called the diagonal ghost equation, plays a crucial role for the stability of the model under radiative corrections implying, in particular, the vanishing of the anomalous dimension of the diagonal ghosts. Moreover, the Ward identity corresponding to the Abelian Cartan subgroup is easily derived from the diagonal ghost…
A V-duality conjecture for noncommutative open string theories (NCOS) that result from decoupling D-branes in Lorentz-boost related backgrounds was put forward recently in hep-th/0006013. The aim of this paper is to test the Galilean nature of this conjecture in the gravity dual setup. We start with an (F, D3) bound state Lorentz-boosted along one D3-brane direction perpendicular to the F-string, and show that insisting a decoupled NCOS allows only infinitesimal Lorentz boosts. In this way, it is shown that the V-duality relates a family of NCOS by Galileo boosts. Starting with a Lorentz-boost…
We study the Landau gauge correlators of Yang-Mills fields for infrared Euclidean momenta in the context of a massive extension of the Faddeev-Popov Lagrangian which, we argue, underlies a variety of continuum approaches. Standard (perturbative) renormalization group techniques with a specific, infrared-safe renormalization scheme produce so-called decoupling and scaling solutions for the ghost and gluon propagators, which correspond to nontrivial infrared fixed points. The decoupling fixed point is infrared stable and weakly coupled, while the scaling fixed point is unstable and generically s…
We investigate how the four-dimensional noncommutative open string/Yang-Mills theory behaves under a general non-perturbative quantum $SL(2,Z)$ symmetry transformation. We discuss this by considering D3 branes in a constant background of axion, dilaton, and electric and magnetic fields (including both $ {\bf E} \perp {\bf B}$ and {\bf E}$||${\bf B} cases) in the respective decoupling limit. We find that the value of axion, whether rational or irrational, determines the nature of the resulting theory under $SL(2,Z)$ as well as its properties such as the coupling constant and the number of nonco…
From the time of CMB decoupling onwards we investigate cosmological evolution subject to a strongly interacting SU(2) gauge theory of Yang-Mills scale $Λ\sim 10^{-4}$ eV (masquerading as the $U(1)_{Y}$ factor of the SM at present). The viability of this postulate is discussed in view of cosmological and (astro)particle physics bounds. The gauge theory is coupled to a spatially homogeneous and ultra-light (Planck-scale) axion field. As first pointed out by Frieman et al., such an axion is a viable candidate for quintessence, i.e. dynamical dark energy, being associated with today's cosmological…
We consider systems of non-threshold bound states (D(p$-$2), Dp), for $2\le p \le 6$, in type II string theories. Each of them can be viewed as Dp branes with a nonzero (rank two) Neveu-Schwarz $B$ field. We study the noncommutative effects in the gravity dual descriptions of noncommutative gauge theories for these systems in the limit where the brane worldvolume theories decouple from gravity. We find that the noncommutative effects are actually due to the presence of infinitely many D(p$-$2) branes in the (D(p$-$2), Dp) system which play the dominant role over the Dp branes in the large $B$-…
We consider maximally supersymmetric U(N) Yang-Mills in (1+p)-dimensions for p < 3. In the 't Hooft large N limit this is conjectured to be dual to N Dp-branes in the decoupling limit. At low temperatures T << λ^{1/(3-p)} governed by the dimensionful 't Hooft coupling λ, supergravity black holes predict the free energy density goes as ~ N^2 T^{2(7-p)/(5-p)} and the expectation value of the scalars goes as ~ T^{2/(5-p)}, with dimensions made up by λ. The purpose of this work is to explain the origin of these peculiar powers of temperature. We argue that these powers naturally arise by requiring…
In this talk we consider the mass-deformed Yang-Mills theory in the covariant gauge which is obtained by just adding a gluon mass term to the Yang-Mills theory with the covariant gauge fixing term and the associated Faddeev-Popov ghost term. First, we reconfirm that the decoupling solution in the Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory is well reproduced from the mass-deformed Yang-Mills theory by taking into account loop corrections. Second, we show that the mass-deformed Yang-Mills theory is obtained as a gauge-fixed version of the gauge-invariantly extended theory which is identified with the gauge-…
By using the gauge/gravity duality and the Maldacena prescription we compute the expectation values of the Wilson loops in noncommutative Yang-Mills (NCYM) theory in (3+1) dimensions. We consider both the time-like and the light-like Wilson loops. The gravity dual background is given by a particular decoupling limit of (D1,D3) bound state of type IIB string theory. We obtain the velocity dependent quark-antiquark potential and numerically study how the dipole length and the potential change with velocity (for 0 < v < 1, i.e., the Wilson loop is time-like) of the dipole as well as noncommutativ…
This article studies methods to obtain relations for scattering amplitudes at the loop level, with concrete examples at one loop. These methods originate in the analysis of large so-called Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten shifts of tree level amplitudes and loop level integrands. In particular BCFW shifts for particles which are not color adjacent and some particular generalizations of this situation are analyzed in some detail in four and higher dimensions. For generic non-adjacent shifts our results are independent of loop order for integrands and hold for generic minimally coupled gauge theories …
We discuss the properties of ghost and gluon propagators in the deep infrared momentum region of Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory. Within the framework of Dyson-Schwinger equations and the functional renormalization group we demonstrate that it is only a matter of infrared boundary conditions whether infrared scaling or decoupling occurs. We argue that the second possibility is at odds with global BRST symmetry in the confining phase. For this purpose we improve upon existing truncation schemes in particular with respect to transversality and renormalization.
In order to understand the so-called decoupling solution for gluon and ghost propagators in QCD, we give a nonperturbative construction of a massive vector field describing a non-Abelian massive spin-one particle, which has the correct physical degrees of freedom and is invariant under a modified Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin transformation, in a massive Yang-Mills model without the Higgs field, i.e., the Curci-Ferrari model. The resulting non-Abelian massive vector boson field is written using a nonlinear but local transformation from the original fields in the Curci-Ferrari model. As an applicat…
We discuss the analytic continuation of the gluon propagator from the Euclidean region to the complex squared-momentum plane towards the Minkowski region from a viewpoint of gluon confinement. For this purpose, we investigate the massive Yang-Mills model with one-loop quantum corrections, which is to be identified with a low-energy effective theory of the Yang-Mills theory in the sense that the confining decoupling solution for the Euclidean gluon and ghost propagators of the Yang-Mills theory in the Landau gauge obtained by numerical simulations on the lattice are reproduced with good accurac…
A particular decoupling limit of non-extremal (D1, D3) brane bound state system of type IIB string theory is known to give the gravity dual of space-space non- commutative Yang-Mills (NCYM) theory at finite temperature. We use a string probe in this background to compute the jet quenching parameter in the strongly coupled plasma of hot non-commutative Yang-Mills theory in (3+1)-dimensions from gauge/gravity duality. We give the expressions for the jet quenching parameter for both small and large non-commutativity. For small non-commutativity, we find that the value of the jet quenching paramet…
We argue that in the infrared regime of continuum Yang-Mills theory, the possibility of a mass gap in the charged sector is closely associated with the center vortex sector. The analysis of the possible consequences of the ensembles of defects is done by showing that the description of center vortices and monopoles is naturally unified by means of a careful treatment of Cho decomposition. If on the one hand confinement is usually associated with monopole condensation in a compact abelian model, in this scenario, the previous decoupling of the off-diagonal degrees of freedom, for the abelian mo…
The classical solutions to higher dimensional Yang--Mills (YM) systems, which are integral parts of higher dimensional Einstein--YM (EYM) systems, are studied. These are the gravity decoupling limits of the fully gravitating EYM solutions. In odd spacetime dimensions, depending on the choice of gauge group, these are either topologically stable or unstable. Both cases are analysed, the latter numerically only. In even spacetime dimensions they are always unstable, describing saddle points of the energy, and can be described as {\it sphalerons}. This instability is analysed by constructing the …
We study properties of (D$(p-2)$, D$p$) nonthreshold bound states ($2 \le p \le 6 $) in the dual gravity description. These bound states can be viewed as D$p$-branes with a nonzero NS $B$ field of rank two. We find that in the decoupling limit, the thermodynamics of the $N_p$ coincident D$p$-branes with $B$ field is the same not only as that of $N_p$ coincident D$p$-branes without $B$ field, but also as that of the $N_{p-2}$ coincident D$(p-2)$-branes with two smeared coordinates and no $B$ field, for $N_{p-2}/N_p= \tilde{V}_2/[(2π)^2 \tilde{b}]$ with $\tilde{V}_2$ being the area of the two sm…
In order to understand the confining decoupling solution of the Yang-Mills theory in the Landau gauge, we consider the massive Yang-Mills model which is defined by just adding a gluon mass term to the Yang-Mills theory with the Lorentz-covariant gauge fixing term and the associated Faddeev-Popov ghost term. First of all, we show that massive Yang-Mills model is obtained as a gauge-fixed version of the gauge-invariantly extended theory which is identified with the gauge-scalar model with a single fixed-modulus scalar field in the fundamental representation of the gauge group. This equivalence i…
The Seiberg-Witten curves and differentials for $\N=2$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories with one hypermultiplet of mass $m$ in the adjoint representation of the gauge algebra $\G$, are constructed for arbitrary classical or exceptional $\G$ (except $G_2$). The curves are obtained from the recently established Lax pairs with spectral parameter for the (twisted) elliptic Calogero-Moser integrable systems associated with the algebra $\G$. Curves and differentials are shown to have the proper group theoretic and complex analytic structure, and to behave as expected when $m$ tends either to 0 or …
In the large-$N$ and strong-coupling limit, maximally supersymmetric SU($N$) Yang--Mills theory in $(2 + 1)$ dimensions is conjectured to be dual to the decoupling limit of a stack of $N$ D$2$-branes, which may be described by IIA supergravity.We study this conjecture in the Euclidean setting using nonperturbative lattice gauge theory calculations.Our supersymmetric lattice construction naturally puts the theory on a skewed Euclidean 3-torus. Taking one cycle to have anti-periodic fermion boundary conditions, the large-torus limit is described by certain Euclidean black holes. We compute the b…
We analyze the Wilson loop for a pure Yang-Mills theory, using a decoupling solution in close agreement with lattice computations. At one-gluon exchange level it is seen that the potential cannot yield a linear rising contribution as expected for a confining theory. Next-to-leading order correction gives rise to a quartic term for momenta in the gluon propagator that, in agreement with Gribov's view, yields a linear confining term. This correction is due to a two-loop or sunrise integral that we need to evaluate in the low-momenta limit. In the infrared regime, the physical consistency of the …
In covariant gauges, the gluonic mass gap in Yang-Mills theory manifests itself in the basic observation that the massless pole in the perturbative gluon propagator disappears in nonperturbative calculations, but the origin of this behavior is not yet fully understood. We summarize a recent study of the respective dynamics with Dyson-Schwinger equations in Landau-gauge Yang-Mills theory. We identify the parameter that distinguishes the massive Yang-Mills regime from the massless decoupling solutions, whose endpoint is the scaling solution. Similar to the PT-BFM scheme, we find evidence that ma…
The two-dimensional supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory with sixteen supercharges at large $N$ and strong 't~Hooft coupling is conjectured to be dual to certain supergravity solutions in the decoupling limit. We discretize the gauge theory preserving a subset of supersymmetries on the lattice. Based on the choice of a point in the moduli space for the expansion of the gauge links to target the correct continuum theory, one ends up with different lattice geometries. In our previous work, we explored the free energy and the phase structure on a skewed torus corresponding to $A_{2}^{*}$ lattic…
In this paper, we discuss non-perturbative infrared features of Yang-Mills theory in Euclidean space-time dimensions greater than four in the Landau gauge and within the Refined Gribov-Zwanziger framework, which enables us to take into account the existence of gauge copies by restricting the domain of integration in the path integral to the Gribov region. Evidences for a decoupling/massive solution for the gluon propagator in higher dimensions are provided. This behavior is strengthened the bigger the dimension is. Further, we show that, by a dimensional reduction of the Refined Gribov-Zwanzig…
We present a more detailed picture of the infrared regime of Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory. This is done within a novel framework that allows one to take into account the influence of finite scales within an infrared power counting analysis. We find that there are two qualitatively different infrared fixed points of the full system of Dyson-Schwinger equations. The first extends the known scaling solution, where the ghost dynamics is dominant and gluon propagation is strongly suppressed. It features in addition to the strong divergences of gluonic vertex functions in the previously considered…
We use an important decoupling property of gravitational field equations in the general relativity theory and modifications, written with respect to nonholonomic frames with 2+2 spacetime decomposition. This allows us to integrate the Einstein equations (eqs) in very general forms with generic off--diagonal metrics depending on all spacetime coordinates via generating and integration functions containing (un--)broken symmetry parameters. We associate families of off-diagonal Einstein manifolds to certain classes of covariant gravity theories which have a nice ultraviolet behavior and seem to b…
We compute the ghost spectral function in Yang-Mills theory by solving the corresponding Dyson-Schwinger equation for a given input gluon spectral function. The results encompass both scaling and decoupling solutions for the gluon propagator input. The resulting ghost spectral function displays a particle peak at vanishing momentum and a negative scattering spectrum, whose infrared and ultraviolet tails are obtained analytically. The ghost dressing function is computed in the entire complex plane, and its salient features are identified and discussed.
Spectra of glueball masses in non-supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in three and four dimensions have recently been computed using the conjectured duality between superstring theory and large N gauge theory. The Kaluza-Klein states of supergravity do not correspond to any states in the Yang-Mills theory and therefore should decouple in the continuum limit. On the other hand, in the supergravity limit g_{YM}^2 N -> \infty, we find that the masses of the Kaluza-Klein states are comparable to those of the glueballs. We also show that the leading (g_{YM}^2N)^{-1} corrections do not make these state…
A brief review of effective SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics in the deconfining phase is given, including the construction of the thermal ground-state estimate in terms of an inert, adjoint scalar field $ϕ$, based on non-propagating (anti)selfdual field configurations of topological charge unity. We explain why the screening physics of an SU(2) photon is subject to an electric-magnetically dual interpretation. Next, we elucidate how a low-frequency excess of line temperature in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) determines the value of the critical temperature of the deconfining-preconfining…
We report on the results of numerical simulations of 1+1 dimensional SU(N) Yang-Mills theory with maximal supersymmetry at finite temperature and compactified on a circle. For large N this system is thought to provide a dual description of the decoupling limit of N coincident D1-branes on a circle. It has been proposed that at large N there is a phase transition at strong coupling related to the Gregory-Laflamme (GL) phase transition in the holographic gravity dual. In a high temperature limit there was argued to be a deconfinement transition associated to the spatial Polyakov loop, and it has…
