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arXiv 2004.11982quant-phmath.QA
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物质拓扑相的基子空间作为纠错码

Ground Subspaces of Topological Phases of Matter as Error Correcting Codes

Yang Qiu, Zhenghan Wang

摘要:

拓扑量子计算被认为是固有的容错。一个数学上的理由是证明物质拓扑相的基态子空间或基态流形表现为具有宏观距离的纠错码。虽然这在物理学文献中被广泛假设并用作物质拓扑相的定义,但除了Kitaev的开创性论文中的双阿贝尔任意子模型外,直到最近才证明非阿贝尔模型在数学上如此。Cui等人将该定理从双阿贝尔任意子模型推广到基于任意有限群的所有Kitaev模型。这些证明是非常明确的使用详细的知识汉密尔顿,所以似乎很难进一步扩展证明,以涵盖其他模型,如莱文-温。我们基于拓扑量子场论(TQFTs)寻求一种完全不同的方法,证明了TQFTs中圆盘公理和圆环公理的格实现本质上是TQO 1和TQO 2条件的等价性.我们通过提供一个格子版本的磁盘公理和环形的基础TQFTs,证实了地面子空间的拓扑格Hamilton模式的莱文-温模型和Dijkgraaf-Witten TQFTs的纠错性能。基子空间的纠错性质也被有间隙的分形模型如Haah码所共享。我们建议通过纠错性质来表征物质的拓扑相,并将带隙分形子模型称为松弛拓扑模型。

英文摘要:

Topological quantum computing is believed to be inherently fault-tolerant. One mathematical justification would be to prove that ground subspaces or ground state manifolds of topological phases of matter behave as error correction codes with macroscopic distance. While this is widely assumed and used as a definition of topological phases of matter in the physics literature, besides the doubled abelian anyon models in Kitaev's seminal paper, no non-abelian models are proven to be so mathematically until recently. Cui et al extended the theorem from doubled abelian anyon models to all Kitaev models based on any finite group. Those proofs are very explicit using detailed knowledge of the Hamiltonians, so it seems to be hard to further extend the proof to cover other models such as the Levin-Wen. We pursue a totally different approach based on topological quantum field theories (TQFTs), and prove that a lattice implementation of the disk axiom and annulus axiom in TQFTs as essentially the equivalence of TQO1 and TQO2 conditions. We confirm the error correcting properties of ground subspaces for topological lattice Hamiltonian schemas of the Levin-Wen model and Dijkgraaf-Witten TQFTs by providing a lattice version of the disk axiom and annulus of the underlying TQFTs. The error correcting property of ground subspaces is also shared by gapped fracton models such as the Haah codes. We propose to characterize topological phases of matter via error correcting properties, and refer to gapped fracton models as lax-topological.

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