We prove that the `Upper Matching Conjecture' of Friedland, Krop, and Markström and the analogous conjecture of Kahn for independent sets in regular graphs hold for all large enough graphs as a function of the degree. That is, for every $d$ and every large enough $n$ divisible by $2d$, a union of $n/(2d)$ copies of the complete $d$-regular bipartite graph maximizes the number of independent sets and matchings of size $k$ for each $k$ over all $d$-regular graphs on $n$ vertices. To prove this we utilize the cluster expansion for the canonical ensemble of a statistical physics spin model, and we give some further applications of this method to maximizing and minimizing the number of independent sets and matchings of a given size in regular graphs of a given minimum girth.
Perfect Matchings in Hypergraphs and the Erdős matching conjecture
本文证明了当$d$.因此，这确定了当$0.42k \le d < k/2$或当$(k,d)=(12,5)$或$(17,7)$时阈值的精确值。我们的方法是给出一个上界的Erdés匹配猜想和转换的结果的最小$d$度设置的Kühn，Osthus和Townsend的方法。为了获得精确的阈值，我们还应用Treglown和Zhao的结果。
Let $G$ be a graph and $r\in\mathbb{N}$. The matching Kneser graph $\textsf{KG}(G, rK_2)$ is a graph whose vertex set is the set of $r$-matchings in $G$ and two vertices are adjacent if their corresponding matchings are edge-disjoint. In [Alishahi, M. and Hajiabolhassan, H., On the Chromatic Number of Matching Kneser Graphs, Combin. Probab. and Comput. 29 (2020), no. 1, 1--21.] it was conjectured that for any connected graph $G$ and positive integer $r\geq 2$, the chromatic number of $\textsf{KG}(G, rK_2)$ is equal to $|E(G)|-\textsf{ex}(G,rK_2)$, where $\textsf{ex}(G,rK_2)$ denotes the larges…
TxGraffiti is an automated conjecturing program that produces graph theoretic conjectures in the form of conjectured inequalities. This program written and maintained by the second author since 2017 was inspired by the successes of previous automated conjecturing programs including Fajtlowicz's GRAFFITI and DeLaViña's GRAFFITI.pc. In this paper we prove and generalize several conjectures generated by TxGraffiti when it was prompted to conjecture on the \emph{independence number}, the \emph{domination number}, and the \emph{matching number} (and generalizations of each of these graph invariants…
Many well-known problems in Combinatorics can be reduced to finding a large rainbow structure in a certain edge-coloured multigraph. Two celebrated examples of this are Ringel's tree packing conjecture and Ryser's conjecture on transversals in Latin squares. In this paper, we answer such a question raised by Grinblat twenty years ago. Let an $(n,v)$-multigraph be an $n$-edge-coloured multigraph in which the edges of each colour span a disjoint union of non-trivial cliques that have in total at least $v$ vertices. Grinblat conjectured that for all $n \geq 4$, every $(n,3n-2)$-multigraph contain…
Using Jack polynomials, Goulden and Jackson have introduced a one parameter deformation $τ_b$ of the generating series of bipartite maps, which generalizes the partition function of $β$-ensembles of random matrices. The Matching-Jack conjecture suggests that the coefficients $c^λ_{μ,ν}$ of the function $τ_b$ in the power-sum basis are non-negative integer polynomials in the deformation parameter $b$. Dołęga and Féray have proved in 2016 the "polynomiality" part in the Matching-Jack conjecture, namely that coefficients $c^λ_{μ,ν}$ are in $\mathbb{Q}[b]$. In this paper, we prove the "integrality…
We say that the families $\mathcal F_1,\ldots, \mathcal F_{s+1}$ of $k$-element subsets of $[n]$ are cross-dependent if there are no pairwise disjoint sets $F_1,\ldots, F_{s+1}$, where $F_i\in \mathcal F_i$ for each $i$. The rainbow version of the Erd\H os Matching Conjecture due to Aharoni and Howard and independently to Huang, Loh and Sudakov states that $\min_{i} |\mathcal F_i|\le \max\big\{{n\choose k}-{n-s\choose k}, {(s+1)k-1\choose k}\big\}$ for $n\ge (s+1)k$. In this paper, we prove this conjecture for $n>3e(s+1)k$ and $s>10^7$. One of the main tools in the proof is a concentration ine…
We introduce, and partially resolve, a conjecture that brings a three-centuries-old derangements phenomenon and its much younger two-decades-old analogue under the same umbrella. Through a graph-theoretic lens, a derangement is a perfect matching in the complete bipartite graph $K_{n,n}$ with a disjoint perfect matching $M$ removed. Likewise, a deranged matching is a perfect matching in the complete graph $K_{2n}$ minus a perfect matching $M'$. With $\mathrm{pm}(\cdot)$ counting perfect matchings, the elder phenomenon takes the form $\mathrm{pm}(K_{n,n}-M)/\mathrm{pm}(K_{n,n})\to 1/e$ as $n\to…
In 1965, Paul Erdős asked about the largest family $Y$ of $k$-sets in $\{ 1, \ldots, n \}$ such that $Y$ does not contain $s+1$ pairwise disjoint sets. This problem is commonly known as the Erdős Matching Conjecture. We investigate the $q$-analog of this question, that is we want to determine the size of a largest family $Y$ of $k$-spaces in $\mathbb{F}_q^n$ such that $Y$ does not contain $s+1$ pairwise disjoint $k$-spaces. Here we call two subspaces disjoint if they intersect trivially. Our main result is, slightly simplified, that if $16 s \leq \min\{ q^{\frac{n-k}{4}},$ $q^{\frac{n-2k+1}{3}…
Let $G$ be a bridgeless cubic graph. The Berge--Fulkerson Conjecture (1970s) states that $G$ admits a list of six perfect matchings such that each edge of $G$ belongs to exactly two of these perfect matchings. If answered in the affirmative, two other recent conjectures would also be true: the Fan--Raspaud Conjecture (1994), which states that $G$ admits three perfect matchings such that every edge of $G$ belongs to at most two of them; and a conjecture by Mazzuoccolo (2013), which states that $G$ admits two perfect matchings whose deletion yields a bipartite subgraph of $G$. It can be shown th…
Aharoni and Howard, and, independently, Huang, Loh, and Sudakov proposed the following rainbow version of Erdős matching conjecture: For positive integers $n,k,m$ with $n\ge km$, if each of the families $F_1,\ldots, F_m\subseteq {[n]\choose k}$ has size more than $\max\{\binom{n}{k} - \binom{n-m+1}{k}, \binom{km-1}{k}\}$, then there exist pairwise disjoint subsets $e_1,\dots, e_m$ such that $e_i\in F_i$ for all $i\in [m]$. We prove that there exists an absolute constant $n_0$ such that this rainbow version holds for $k=3$ and $n\geq n_0$. We convert this rainbow matching problem to a matching …
A conjecture of the first two authors is that $n$ matchings of size $n$ in any graph have a rainbow matching of size $n-1$. We prove a lower bound of $\frac{2}{3}n-1$, improving on the trivial $\frac{1}{2}n$, and an analogous result for hypergraphs. For $\{C_3,C_5\}$-free graphs and for disjoint matchings we obtain a lower bound of $\frac{3n}{4}-O(1)$. We also discuss a conjecture on rainbow alternating paths, that if true would yield a lower bound of $n-\sqrt{2n}$. We prove the non-alternating (ordinary paths) version of this conjecture.
本文研究非交叉几何完美匹配。两个这样的完美匹配是\emph{compatible}，如果它们有相同的顶点集，并且它们的并集也是非交叉的。我们的第一个结果表明，对于同一组$n$点的任何两个完美匹配$M$和$M'$，对于某些$k\in\Oh{\log n}$，存在一个完美匹配序列$M=M_0,M_1,...,M_k=M'$，使得每个$M_i$与$M_{i+1}$兼容。这改进了$k\leq n-2$的先前最佳界。然后我们研究猜想：\emph{every perfect matching with an even number of edges has an edge-disjoint compatible perfect matching}。我们引入了一个序列的更强的代数，暗示这个猜想，并证明了最强的完美匹配的情况下，由垂直和水平段的这些代数。最后，我们证明了每一个完美匹配的$n$边缘有一个边缘不相交相容匹配的近似$4n/5$边缘。
On a conjecture for the signless Laplacian spectral radius of cacti with given matching number
一个连通图$G$是一个仙人掌，如果它的任何两个圈最多有一个公共顶点。设$\ell_n^m$是$n$顶点上的仙人掌的集合，其匹配数为$m.$ S. C。Li和M. J. Zhang用$n=2m$确定了$\ell_n^m$中所有仙人掌中具有最大无符号拉普拉斯谱半径的唯一图.在本文中，我们刻画的情况下$n\geq 2m+1$。这证实了Li和Zhang（S.C. Li，M. J. Zhang，On the signless Laplacian index of Cacti with a given number of pendant vetices，线性代数应用436，2012，4400--4411）.进一步，我们刻画了在$n$顶点上所有仙人掌中具有最大无符号拉普拉斯谱半径的唯一图.
Using the description of hypermaps with matchings, Goulden and Jackson have given an expression of the generating series of rooted bipartite maps in terms of the zonal polynomials. We generalize this approach to the case of constellations on non-oriented surfaces that have recently been introduced by Chapuy and Dołęga. A key step in the proof is an encoding of constellations with tuples of matchings. We consider a one parameter deformation of the generating series of constellations using Jack polynomials and we introduce the coefficients $c^λ_{μ^0,...,μ^k}(b)$ obtained by the expansion of thes…
In 1965 Erdős asked, what is the largest size of a family of $k$-element subsets of an $n$-element set that does not have a matching of size $s+1$? In this note, we improve upon a recent result of Frankl and resolve this problem for $s>101k^{3}$ and $(s+1)k\le n<(s+1)(k+\frac{1}{100k})$.
A subgraph of an edge-coloured graph is called rainbow if all its edges have distinct colours. The study of rainbow subgraphs goes back to the work of Euler on Latin squares and has been the focus of extensive research ever since. Many conjectures in this area roughly say that 'every edge coloured graph of a certain type contains a rainbow matching using every colour'. In this paper we introduce a versatile 'sampling trick', which allows us to obtain short proofs of old results as well as to solve asymptotically some well known conjectures. - We give a simple proof of Pokrovskiy's asymptotic v…
The Erdős Matching Conjecture for 4-uniform hypergraphs
Center for Discrete Mathematics, Fuzhou University（福州大学离散数学中心）；School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学数学科学学院）
For a $k$-uniform hypergraph $H$, let $δ_1(H)$ denote the minimum vertex degree of $H$, and $ν(H)$ denote the size of the largest matching in $H$. In this paper, we show that for any $k\geq 3$ and $β>0$, there exists an integer $n_0(β,k)$ such that for positive integers $n\geq n_0$ and $m\leq (\frac{k}{2(k-1)}-β)\frac{n}{k}$, if $H$ is an $n$-vertex $k$-graph with $δ_1(H)>{{n-1}\choose {k-1}}-{{n-m}\choose {k-1}},$ then $ν(H)\geq m$. This improves upon earlier results of Bollobás, Daykin and Erdős (1976) for the range $n> 2k^3(m+1)$ and Huang and Zhao (2017) for the range $n\geq 3k^2 m$.
More than 50 years ago, Erd\H os asked the following question: what is the maximum size of a family $\mathcal F$ of $k$-element subsets of an $n$-element set if it has no $s+1$ pairwise disjoint sets? This question attracted a lot of attention recently, in particular, due to its connection to various combinatorial, probabilistic and theoretical computer science problems. Improving the previous best bound due to the first author, we prove that $|\mathcal F|\le {n\choose k}-{n-s\choose k}$, provided $n\ge \frac 53sk -\frac 23 s$ and $s$ is sufficiently large. We derive several corollaries concer…
On the maximum fraction of edges covered by t perfect matchings in a cubic bridgeless graph
Berge和Fulkerson（1971）的一个猜想指出，每个立方无桥图包含6个完美匹配，每个完美匹配精确地覆盖每条边两次，这很容易地暗示每个立方无桥图有3个完美匹配，它们的交集是空的（这个较弱的说法是由Fan和Raspaud在1994年提出的）。设$m_t$是所有实数$α\le 1$的上确界，使得对于每个三次无桥图$G$，存在$G$的$t$完美匹配覆盖$G$的边的至少$α$的一部分.已知Berge-Fulkerson猜想等价于$m_5=1$的陈述，并暗示了$m_4=\tfrac{14}{15}$和$m_3=\tfrac45$。在本文的第一部分中，我们证明了$m_4=\tfrac{14}{15}$蕴涵$m_3=\tfrac45$，而$m_3=\tfrac45$蕴涵Fan-Raspaud猜想，加强了Tang，Zhang，和Zhu最近的一个结果。本文的第二部分证明了：对于任意$2\le t \le 4$和任意位于适当区间内的实$τ$，决定是否有一个大于（或等于）的分数.最少）$τ$可以被$t$完美匹配覆盖是一个NP完全问题。这解决了唐、张、朱的一个猜想。
Aharoni and Howard conjectured that, for positive integers $n,k,t$ with $n\ge k$ and $n\ge t$, if $F_1,\ldots, F_t\subseteq {[n]\choose k}$ such that $|F_i|>{n\choose k}-{n-t+1\choose k}$ for $i\in [t]$ then there exist $e_i\in F_i$ for $i\in [t]$ such that $e_1,\ldots,e_t$ are pairwise disjoint. Huang, Loh, and Sudakov proved this conjecture for $t<n/(3k^2)$. In this paper, we show that this conjecture holds for $t\le n/(2k)$ and $n$ sufficiently large.
图的匹配能量是由Gutman和Wagner提出的，定义为图的匹配多项式的根的绝对值之和。对于具有固定概率$p\in (0,1)$的$n$阶随机图$G_{n,p}$，Gutman和Wagner [I. Gutman，S. Wagner，The matching energy of a graph，Discrete Appl.Math.160（2012），2177- 2187]提出了$G_{n,p}$的匹配能量几乎必然收敛于$\frac{8\sqrt{p}}{3π}n^{\frac{3}{2}}$的猜想。本文用分析的方法证明了这个猜想是成立的。
