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arXiv 2608.25385math.CO

次立方图中的匹配补集与3-分解猜想的证明

Matching complements in subcubic graphs and a proof of the 3-Decomposition Conjecture

Jicheng Ma

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中文总结 AI 辅助

本研究证明3-分解猜想,通过次立方图匹配补集新定理,经归纳推导依次得到2-分解猜想等结论,解决相关图论分解问题。

中文摘要 AI 辅助

我们证明了3-分解猜想:每个有限连通无环立方多重图都可分解为一棵生成树、一个2-正则子图和一个匹配。核心成果是次立方图中匹配补集的新定理:设H是最大度为3的有限连通无桥简单图,S是其二度顶点集,|S|=k≥2,我们证明H存在大小等于其圈秩|E(H)|-|V(H)|+1的匹配,删除该匹配后得到一个包含所有S的单棵树,以及与S不相交的若干圈。证明采用对k的归纳法,将假设提供的匹配与从辅助立方树得到的匹配进行比较,通过一次交替路径交换(局部操作,对两个匹配的大小不敏感)驱动归纳过程。基于该定理,我们依次推导出:每个有限连通脆弱次立方图可拆分为一棵生成树和一个匹配、标准无环多重图形式的2-分解猜想,最终得到3-分解猜想。

英文摘要

We prove the 3-Decomposition Conjecture: every finite connected cubic loopless multigraph decomposes into a spanning tree, a 2-regular subgraph, and a matching. The proof rests on a new theorem on matching complements in subcubic graphs. Let H be a finite connected bridgeless simple graph of maximum degree three, and let S be its set of degree-two vertices, with |S| = k >= 2. We show that H has a matching of size equal to its cyclomatic number, |E(H)| - |V(H)| + 1, whose deletion leaves a single tree containing all of S, together with cycles disjoint from S. The proof is by induction on k, using an alternating-path exchange that stops at the first entry into the growing tree component.

发表机构

  • Renmin University of China(中国人民大学)

机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。

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