In this paper we use the Alexandrov Reflection Method to obtain a characterization to embedded CMC capillary annulus $Σ^2 \subset \mathbb{B}^3$. In especial, but using a new strategy, we present a new characterization to the critical catenoid. Precisely, we show that $Σ\subset \mathbb{B}^3$ being an embedded minimal free boundary annulus in $\mathbb{B}^3$ such that $\partial Σ$ is invariant under reflection through a coordinates planes, then $Σ$ is the critical catenoid. This work is part of the second author thesis which was written in 2019.
We prove that Delaunay surfaces, except the plane and the catenoid, are the only surfaces in Euclidean space with nonzero constant mean curvature that can be expressed as an implicit equation of type $f(x)+g(y)+h(z)=0$, where $f$, $g$ and $h$ are smooth real functions of one variable.
We give a Weierstrass type representation for semi-discrete minimal surfaces in Euclidean 3-space. We then give explicit parametrizations of various smooth, semi-discrete and fully-discrete catenoids, determined from either variational or integrable systems principles. Finally, we state the shared properties that those various catenoids have.
In this paper, we use the conjugate surface construction to prove the existence of certain non-periodic symmetric immersed minimal surfaces. These surfaces have finite total curvature and embedded catenoid ends, and they have positive genus yet maintain the symmetry of their genus-zero counterparts constructed by Jorge-Meeks and Xu.
We construct a new family of high genus examples of free boundary minimal surfaces in the Euclidean unit 3-ball by desingularizing the intersection of a coaxial pair of a critical catenoid and an equatorial disk. The surfaces are constructed by singular perturbation methods and have three boundary components. They are the free boundary analogue of the Costa-Hoffman-Meeks surfaces and the surfaces constructed by Kapouleas by desingularizing coaxial catenoids and planes. It is plausible that the minimal surfaces we constructed here are the same as the ones obtained recently by Ketover using the …
In this paper we construct an example of a complete immersed minimal surface in $\mathbb{R}^3$ of genus one with two embedded catenoid-type ends, one Enneper-type end and total Gauss curvature $-16π.$ The proof of the existence of this example, was obtained using the Weierstrass representation, the theory of elliptic functions and explicitly solving the period problem.
In this paper we prove that a capillary minimal surface outside the unit ball in $\mathbb {R}^3$ with one embedded end and finite total curvature must be either part of the plane or part of the catenoid. We also prove that a capillary minimal surface outside the unit ball with one end asymptotic to the end of the Enneper's surface and finite total curvature cannot exist if the flux vector vanishes on the first homology calss of the surface. Furthermore, we prove that a capillary minimal surface outside the convex domain bounded by several spheres with one embedded end and finite total curvatur…
In this article, we show that the critical catenoid, as a free boundary minimal surface of the unit ball in $\mathbb{R}^3$, has index $4$. We also prove that a free boundary minimal surface of the unit ball in $\mathbb{R}^3$, that is not a flat disk, has index at least $4$.
In this paper, we discuss complete minimal immersions in $\mathbb{R}^N$($N\geq4$) with finite total curvature and embedded planar ends. First, we prove nonexistence for the following cases: (1) genus 1 with 2 embedded planar ends, (2) genus $\neq4$, hyperelliptic with 2 embedded planar ends like the Lagrangian catenoid. Then we show the existence of embedded minimal spheres in $\mathbb{R}^4$ with 3 embedded planar ends. Moreover, we construct genus $g$ examples in $\mathbb{R}^4$ with $d$ embedded planar ends such that $g\geq 1$ and $g+2\leq d\leq 2g+1$. These examples include a family of embed…
This thesis lies in the field of constant mean curvature (cmc) hypersurfaces and specifically cmc $1/2$ surfaces in the three-manifold $\mathbb{H}^2\times\mathbb{R}$. The value $1/2$ is the critical mean curvature for $\mathbb{H}^2\times\mathbb{R}$, in that there do no exist closed cmc surfaces with mean curvature $1/2$ or less. Daniel and Hauswirth have constructed a one-parameter family of complete, cmc $1/2$ annuli that are symmetric about a reflection in the horizontal plane $\mathbb{H}^2 \times \{0\}$, the horizontal catenoids. In this thesis we prove that these catenoids converge to a si…
In earlier work of NK new closed embedded smooth minimal surfaces in the round three-sphere $\mathbb{S}^3(1)$ were constructed, each resembling two parallel copies of the equatorial two-sphere $\mathbb{S}^2_{eq}$ joined by small catenoidal bridges, with the catenoidal bridges concentrating along two parallel circles, or the equatorial circle and the poles. In this sequel we generalize those constructions so that the catenoidal bridges can concentrate along an arbitrary number of parallel circles, with the further option to include bridges at the poles. The current constructions follow the Line…
We show existence of constant mean curvature 1 surfaces in both hyperbolic 3-space and de Sitter 3-space with two complete embedded ends and any positive genus up to genus twenty. We also find another such family of surfaces in de Sitter 3-space, but with a different non-embedded end behavior.
In this paper, we study the stability of catenoids and helicoids in the hyperbolic $3$-space $\mathbb{H}^3$. (1) For a family of spherical minimal catenoids $\{\mathcal{C}_a\}_{a>0}$ in $\mathbb{H}^3$, there exist two constants $0<a_c<a_l$ such that $\bullet$ $\mathcal{C}_a$ is an unstable minimal surface with index one if $a<a_c$, $\bullet$ $\mathcal{C}_a$ is a globally stable minimal surface if $a\geq{}a_c$, and $\bullet$ $\mathcal{C}_a$ is a least area minimal surface in the sense of Meeks and Yau if $a\geq{}a_l$. (2) For a family of minimal helicoids $\{\mathcal{H}_{\bar{a}}\}_{\bar{a…
In this paper, we construct Delaunay type constant mean curvature surfaces along a nondegenerate closed geodesic in a 3-dimensional Riemannian manifold.
The generalized Weierstrass representation is used to analyze the asymptotic behavior of a constant mean curvature surface that arises locally from an ordinary differential equation with a regular singularity. We prove that a holomorphic perturbation of an ODE that represents a Delaunay surface generates a constant mean curvature surface which has a properly immersed end that is asymptotically Delaunay. Furthermore, that end is embedded if the Delaunay surface is unduloidal.
We consider constant mean curvature 1 surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^3$ arising via the DPW method from a holomorphic perturbation of the standard Delaunay potential on the punctured disk. Kilian, Rossman and Schmitt have proven that such a surface is asymptotic to a Delaunay surface. We consider families of such potentials parametrised by the necksize of the model Delaunay surface and prove the existence of a uniform disk on which the surfaces are close to the model Delaunay surface and are embedded in the unduloid case.
We use the DPW method to obtain the associate family of Delaunay surfaces and derive a formula for the neck size of the surface in terms of the entries of the holomorphic potential.
We consider an appoximation of a catenoid constructed from "odd" truncated cones that maintains minimality in a certain sense. Thorough this procedure, we obtain a discrete curve approximating a catenary by exploiting the fact that it is the function that generates a catenoid. In this investigation, the theory of the Gauss hypergeomtric functions plays an important role. This work is a sequel to [Y.Machigashira, Piecewise truncated conical minimal surfaces and the Gauss hypergeometric functions, Journal of Math-for-Industry 4(2012), pp. 25-33 ]. The paper covers an appoximation of a catenoid c…
We show that an embedded minimal annulus $Σ^2 \subset B^3$ which intersects $\partial B^3$ orthogonally and is invariant under reflection through the coordinate planes is the critical catenoid. The proof uses nodal domain arguments and a characterization, due to Fraser and Schoen, of the critical catenoid as the unique free boundary minimal annulus in $B^n$ with lowest Steklov eigenvalue equal to 1. We also give more general criteria which imply that a free boundary minimal surface in $B^3$ invariant under a group of reflections has lowest Steklov eigenvalue 1.
We first consider a uniqueness problem for embedded free boundary minimal annuli in the three-dimensional Euclidean unit half-ball. Then, we obtain symmetry properties for compact embedded free boundary minimal surfaces in the unit ball. Finally, we obtain several uniqueness results for the critical catenoid under symmetry conditions on the boundary. For example, we show that if an embedded free boundary minimal annulus whose boundary consists of two congruent components and has a reflection symmetry by a plane, then it is congruent to the critical catenoid.
We construct a new class of complete constant mean curvature surfaces in R^3. These are geometrically different than the surfaces constructed by Kapouleas' gluing technique. These are obtained by piecing together half-Delaunay surfaces to the truncations of minimal k-noids. The gluing techniques are new: the surfaces are obtained by matching Cauchy data from the infinite dimensional family of exact solutions of the problem on each of the component pieces. These surfaces are also proved to be nondegenerate in the CMC moduli space.
In Part I of this article we generalize the Linearized Doubling (LD) approach, introduced in earlier work by NK, by proving a general theorem stating that if $Σ$ is a closed minimal surface embedded in a Riemannian three-manifold $(N,g)$ and its Jacobi operator has trivial kernel, then given a suitable family of LD solutions on $Σ$, a minimal surface $\breve{M}$ resembling two copies of $Σ$ joined by many small catenoidal bridges can be constructed by PDE gluing methods. (An LD solution $φ$ on $Σ$ is a singular solution of the Jacobi equation with logarithmic singularities which in the constru…
We construct constant mean curvature surfaces in euclidean space by gluing n half Delaunay surfaces to a non-degenerate minimal n-noid, using the DPW method.
We classify (spacelike or timelike) surfaces of revolution with zero $f$-mean curvature in $\Bbb G^2\times\Bbb R_1,$ the Lorentz-Minkowski 3-space $\Bbb R^3_1$ endowed with the Gaussian-Euclidean density $e^{-f(x,y,z)}=\frac 1{2π}e^{-\frac{x^2+y^2}2}.$ It is proved that an $f$-maximal surface of revolution is either a horizontal plane or a spacelike $f$-Catenoid. For the timelike case, a timelike $f$-minimal surface is either a vertical plane containing $z$-axis, the cylinder $x^2+y^2=1,$ or a timelike $f$-Catenoid. Spacelike and timelike $f$-Catenoids are new examples of $f$-minimal surfaces …
This note provides some new perspectives and calculations regarding an interesting known family of minimal surfaces in $\mathbb{H}^2 \times \mathbb{R}$. The surfaces in this family are the catenoids, parabolic catenoids and tall rectangles. Each is foliated by either circles, horocycles or circular arcs in horizontal copies of $\mathbb{H}^2$. All of these surfaces are well-known, but the emphasis here is on their unifying features and the fact that they lie in a single continuous family. We also initiate a study of the Jacobi operator on the parabolic catenoid, and compute the Jacobi fields as…
We obtain a classification result for rotational surfaces in the Heisenberg space and the universal cover of the special linear group, whose mean curvature is given as a prescribed $C^1$ function depending on their angle function. We show that these surfaces behave like the Delaunay surfaces of constant mean curvature, under some assumptions on the prescribed function. In contrast with the constant mean curvature case, we exhibit the existence of rotational, embedded tori, providing counterexamples of the Alexandrov problem for this class of immersed surfaces.
The purpose of this paper is to study immersed surfaces in the product spaces $\mathbb{M}^2(κ)\times\mathbb{R}$, whose mean curvature is given as a $C^1$ function depending on their angle function. This class of surfaces extends widely, among others, the well-known theory of surfaces with constant mean curvature. In this paper we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of prescribed mean curvature spheres, and we describe complete surfaces of revolution proving that they behave as the Delaunay surfaces of CMC type.
For each end of complete minimal surface in the Euclidean 3-space, the flux vector is defined. It is well-known that the sum of the flux vector over all ends are zero. Consider the following inverse problem: For each balanced n-vectors, find an n-end catenoid which realizes these vectors as flux. Here, an n-end catenoid is a complete minimal surface of genus zero with ends asymptotic to the catenoids. In this paper, we show that the inverse problem can be solved for almost all balanced n vectors for arbitrary n, which is grater than 4. The assumption "almost all" is needed because nonexistence…
For a family of spherical minimal catenoids C_a in the hyperbolic 3-space, there exist two constants 0<a_c<a_l such that the following are true: (1) C_a is an unstable minimal surface with index one if a<a_c, (2) C_a is a stable minimal surface if a>=a_c, and (3) C_a is a least area minimal surface in the sense of Meeks-Yau if a>=a_l.
For all $m \in \mathbb N - \{0\}$, we prove the existence of a one dimensional family of genus $m$, constant mean curvature (equal to 1) surfaces which are complete, immersed in $\mathbb R^3$ and have two Delaunay ends asymptotic to nodo\"ıdal ends. Moreover, these surfaces are invariant under the group of isometries of $\mathbb R^3$ leaving a horizontal regular polygon with $m+1$ sides fixed.
We construct two one-parameter families of minimal properly embedded surfaces in the Lie group Sol3 using a Weierstrass-type representation. These surfaces are not invariant by a one-parameter group of ambient isometries. The first one can be viewed as a family of helicoids, and the second one is a family of minimal annuli called catenoids. Finally we study limits of these catenoids, and in particular we show that one of these limits is a new minimal entire graph.
In this paper we shall establish that properly embedded constant mean curvature one surfaces in H^3 of finite topology are of finite total curvature and each end is regular. In particular, this implies the horosphere is the only simply connected such example, and the catenoid cousins the only annular examples of this nature. In general each annular end of such a surface is asymptotic to an end of a horosphere or an end of a catenoid cousin.
For a complete minimal surface in the Euclidean 3-space, the so-called flux vector corresponds to each end. The flux vectors are balanced, i.e., the sum of those over all ends are zero. Consider the following inverse problem: For each balanced n vectors, find an n-end catenoid which attains given vectors as flux. Here, an n-end catenoid is a complete minimal surface of genus 0 with ends asymptotic to the catenoids. In this paper, the problem is reduced to solving algebraic equation. Using this reduction, it is shown that, when n=4, the inverse problem for 4-end catenoid has solutions for almos…
We construct the first examples of complete, properly embedded minimal surfaces in $\mathbb{H}^2 \times \mathbb{R}$ with finite total curvature and positive genus. These are constructed by gluing copies of horizontal catenoids or other nondegenerate summands. We also establish that every horizontal catenoid is nondegenerate. Finally, using the same techniques, we are able to produce properly embedded minimal surfaces with infinitely many ends. Each annular end has finite total curvature and is asymptotic to a vertical totally geodesic plane.
Classical Delaunay surfaces are highly symmetric constant mean curvature (CMC) submanifolds of space forms. We prove the existence of Delaunay-type hypersurfaces in a large class of compact manifolds, using the geometry of cohomogeneity one group actions and variational bifurcation techniques. Our construction specializes to the classical examples in round spheres, and allows to obtain Delaunay-type hypersurfaces in many other ambient spaces, ranging from complex and quaternionic projective spaces to Kervaire exotic spheres.
We construct a complete, embedded minimal surface in euclidean 3-space which has unbounded Gaussian curvature. It has infinite genus, infinitely many catenoidal type ends and one limit end.
We derive parametrizations of the Delaunay constant mean curvature surfaces of revolution that follow directly from parametrizations of the conics that generate these surfaces via the corresponding roulette. This uniform treatment exploits the natural geometry of the conic (parabolic, elliptic or hyperbolic) and leads to simple expressions for the mean and Gaussian curvatures of the surfaces as well as the construction of new surfaces.
Given a Delaunay decomposition of a compact hyperbolic surface, one may record the topological data of the decomposition, together with the intersection angles between the `empty disks' circumscribing the regions of the decomposition. The main result of this paper is a characterization of when a given topological decomposition and angle assignment can be realized as the data of an actual Delaunay decomposition of a hyperbolic surface.
The family of embedded, singly periodic minimal surfaces of Riemann have as limit-surfaces the helicoid, the catenoid, a single plane, or an infinite set of equally-spaced parallel planes.
In the following article we discuss Delaunay triangulations for a point cloud on an embedded surface in $\mathbb{R}^3$. We give sufficient conditions on the point cloud to show that the diagonal switch algorithm finds an embedded Delaunay triangulation.
We develop a theory of axisymmetric surfaces minimizing a combination of surface tension and nematic elastic energies which may be suitable for describing simple film and bubble shapes. As a function of the elastic constant and the applied tension on the bubbles, we find the analogues of the unduloid, sphere, and nodoid in addition to other new surfaces.
Let $A \subset \mathbb{R} ^2 $ be a smooth doubly connected domain. We consider the Dirichlet energy $E(u)=\int_{A} |\nabla u|^2$, where $u:A \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$, and look for critical points of this energy with prescribed modulus $|u|=1$ on $\partial A$ and with prescribed degrees on the two connected components of $\partial A$. This variational problem is a problem with lack of compactness hence we can not use the direct methods of calculus of variations. Our analysis relies on the so-called Hopf differential and on a strong link between this problem and the problem of finding all minima…
Using the complex parabolic rotations of holomorphic null curves in ${\mathbb{C}}^{4}$, we transform minimal surfaces in Euclidean space ${\mathbb{R}}^{3} \subset {\mathbb{R}}^{4}$ to a family of degenerate minimal surfaces in Euclidean space ${\mathbb{R}}^{4}$. Applying our deformation to holomorphic null curves in ${\mathbb{C}}^{3} \subset {\mathbb{C}}^{4}$ induced by helicoids in ${\mathbb{R}}^{3}$, we discover new minimal surfaces in ${\mathbb{R}}^{4}$ foliated by conic sections with eccentricity grater than $1$: hyperbolas or straight lines. Applying our deformation to holomorphic null cu…
We extend to higher codimension earlier characterization of the equatorial disk and the critical catenoid by a pinching condition on the length of their second fundamental form among free boundary minimal surfaces in the three dimensional Euclidean ball due to L. Ambrozio and I. Nunes.
We study free boundary minimal surfaces in the unit ball of low cohomogeneity. For each pair of positive integers $(m,n)$ such that $m, n >1$ and $m+n\geq 8$, we construct a free boundary minimal surface $Σ_{m, n} \subset B^{m+n}$(1) invariant under $O(m)\times O(n)$. When $m+n<8$, an instability of the resulting equation allows us to find an infinite family $\{Σ_{m,n, k}\}_{k\in \mathbb{N}}$ of such surfaces. In particular, $\{Σ_{2, 2, k}\}_{k\in \mathbb{N}}$ is a family of solid tori which converges to the cone over the Clifford Torus as $k$ goes to infinity. These examples indicate that a s…
All complete, axially symmetric surfaces of constant mean curvature in R^3 lie in the one-parameter family D_tau of Delaunay surfaces. The elements of this family which are embedded are called unduloids; all other elements, which correspond to parameter value tau element in R^-, are immersed and are called nodoids. The unduloids are stable in the sense that the only global constant mean curvature deformations of them are to other elements of this Delaunay family. We prove here that this same property is true for nodoids only when tau is sufficiently close to zero (this corresponds to these sur…
We consider the relationship of the geometry of compact Riemannian manifolds with boundary to the first nonzero eigenvalue sigma_1 of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map (Steklov eigenvalue). For surfaces Sigma with genus gamma and k boundary components we obtain the upper bound sigma_1L(\partial Σ) \leq 2(2gamma+k)π. We attempt to find the best constant in this inequality for annular surfaces (gamma=0 and k=2). For rotationally symmetric metrics we show that the best constant is achieved by the induced metric on the portion of the catenoid centered at the origin which meets a sphere orthogonally and…
Some elementary considerations are presented concerning Catenoids and their stability, separable minimal hypersurfaces, minimal surfaces obtainable by rotating shapes, determinantal varieties, minimal tori in S3, the minimality in Rnk of the ordered set of k orthogonal equal-length n-vectors, and U(1)-invariant minimal 3-manifolds.
In the present paper we classify all surfaces in $\E^3$ with a canonical principal direction. Examples of these type of surfaces are constructed. We prove that the only minimal surface with a canonical principal direction in the Euclidean space ${\mathbb{E}}^3$ is the catenoid.
We prove that the only embedded free boundary minimal surface $Σ$ in $\mathbb{B}^3$ with index $4$ is the critical catenoid. This extends fundamental work of A. Fraser and R. Schoen, as well as the work of H. Tran.
We are concerned with hypersurfaces of $\mathbb{R}^N$ with constant nonlocal (or fractional) mean curvature. This is the equation associated to critical points of the fractional perimeter under a volume constraint. Our results are twofold. First we prove the nonlocal analogue of the Alexandrov result characterizing spheres as the only closed embedded hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{R}^N$ with constant mean curvature. Here we use the moving planes method. Our second result establishes the existence of periodic bands or "cylinders" in $\mathbb{R}^2$ with constant nonlocal mean curvature and bifurcatin…
We construct three kinds of complete embedded minimal surfaces in $\Bbb H^2\times \Bbb R$. The first is a simply connected, singly periodic, infinite total curvature surface. The second is an annular finite total curvature surface. These two are conjugate surfaces just as the helicoid and the catenoid are in $\mathbb R^3$. The third one is a finite total curvature surface which is conformal to $\mathbb S^2\setminus\{p_1,...,p_k\}, k\geq3.$
