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arXiv 2004.02467cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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PbTiO PDMATHAAC铁电薄膜中180 $^\circ$畴壁的二维电子和空穴气的第一性原理研究

First-principles study of two-dimensional electron and hole gases at the head-to-head and tail-to-tail 180$^\circ$ domain walls in PbTiO$_{3}$ ferroelectric thin films

James Sifuna, Pablo García-Fernández, George S. Manyali, George Amolo, Javier Junquera

摘要:

我们从第一性原理研究了孤立的独立PbTiO $_{3}$板中头对头(HH)和尾对尾(TT)180 $^\circ$畴壁的结构和电子性质。对于足够厚的域($n$ = 16个PbTiO $_{3}$晶胞),观察到电荷从自由表面转移到域壁以形成局部电子(在HH中)和空穴(在TT中)气体,以屏蔽束缚极化电荷。这个电子重建背后的静电驱动力是清晰可见的,从平滑的自由电荷密度和束缚电荷分布之间的完美匹配,计算从晶格自由度的松弛后获得的极化曲线的有限差分。大约六个晶胞的畴壁宽度大于常规的180 $^\circ$中性构型。由于在我们的模拟中没有引入氧空位、缺陷或掺杂剂原子,所以所有先前的物理量都是系统的内在极限。我们的研究结果支持存在一个额外的来源的电荷在域壁解释增强的导电性观察到在一些域壁的原型,绝缘体,钙钛矿氧化物。

英文摘要:

We study from first-principles the structural and electronic properties of head-to-head (HH) and tail-to-tail (TT) 180$^\circ$ domain walls in isolated free-standing PbTiO$_{3}$ slabs. For sufficiently thick domains ($n$ = 16 unit cells of PbTiO$_{3}$), a transfer of charge from the free surfaces to the domain walls to form localized electron (in the HH) and hole (in the TT) gases in order to screen the bound polarization charges is observed. The electrostatic driving force behind this electronic reconstruction is clearly visible from the perfect match between the smoothed free charge densities and the bound charge distribution, computed from a finite difference of the polarization profile obtained after the relaxation of the lattice degrees of freedom. The domain wall widths, of around six unit cells, are larger than in the conventional 180$^\circ$ neutral configurations. Since no oxygen vacancies, defects or dopant atoms are introduced in our simulations, all the previous physical quantities are the intrinsic limits of the system. Our results support the existence of an extra source of charge at the domains walls to explain the enhancement of the conductivity observed in some domains walls of prototypical, insulating in bulk, perovskite oxides.

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