Let $L_n$ be the free metabelian Leibniz algebra generated by the set $X_n=\{x_1,\ldots,x_n\}$ over a field $K$ of characteristic zero. This is the free algebra of rank $n$ in the variety of solvable of class $2$ Leibniz algebras. We call an element $s(X_n)\in L_n$ symmetric if $s(x_{σ(1)},\ldots,x_{σ(n)})=s(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$ for each permutation $σ$ of $\{1,\ldots,n\}$. The set $L_n^{S_n}$ of symmetric polynomials of $L_n$ is the algebra of invariants of the symmetric group $S_n$. Let $K[X_n]$ be the usual polynomial algebra with indeterminates from $X_n$. The description of the algebra $K[X_n]^{S_n}$ is well known, and the algebra $(L_n')^{S_n}$ in the commutator ideal $L_n'$ is a right $K[X_n]^{S_n}$-module. We give explicit forms of elements of the $K[X_n]^{S_n}$-module $(L_n')^{S_n}$. Additionally, we determine the description of the group ${\rm Inn}(L_{n}^{S_n})$ of inner automorphisms of the algebra $L_n^{S_n}$. The findings can be considered as a generalization of the recent results obtained for the free metabelian Lie algebra of rank $n$.
In this paper, we describe the automorphisms of solvable Leibniz algebras with null-filiform nilradical. Moreover we describe the automorphisms of solvable Leibniz algebras with naturally graded non-Lie filiform nilradicals, whose the dimension of complementary space is maximal.
The present work is devoted to the extension of some general properties of automorphisms and derivations which are known for Lie algebras to finite dimensional complex Leibniz algebras. The analogues of the Jordan-Chevalley decomposition for derivations and the multiplicative decomposition for automorphisms of finite dimensional complex Leibniz algebras are obtained.
In this paper we prove that any local automorphism on the solvable Leibniz algebras with null-filiform and naturally graded non-Lie filiform nilradicals, whose dimension of complementary space is maximal is an automorphism. Furthermore, the same problem concerning 2-local automorphisms of such algebras is investigated and we obtain the analogously results for 2-local automorphisms.
The present paper is devoted to local and 2-local derivations and automorphism of complex finite-dimensional simple Leibniz algebras. We prove that all local derivations and 2-local derivations on a finite-dimensional complex simple Leibniz algebra are automatically derivations. We show that nilpotent Leibniz algebras as a rule admit local derivations and 2-local derivations which are not derivations. Further we consider automorphisms of simple Leibniz algebras. We prove that every 2-local automorphism on a complex finite-dimensional simple Leibniz algebra is an automorphism and show that nilp…
The present paper is devoted to the description of finite-dimensional semisimple Leibniz algebras over complex numbers, their derivations and automorphisms.
We study the automorphism groups of finite-dimensional cyclic Leibniz algebras. In this connection, we consider the relationships between groups, modules over associative rings and Leibniz algebras.
We investigate almost inner derivations of some finite-dimensional nilpotent Leibniz algebras. We show the existence of almost inner derivations of Leibniz filiform non-Lie algebras differing from inner derivations, we also show that the almost inner derivations of some filiform Leibniz algebras containing filiform Lie algebras do not coincide with inner derivations.
Let $L$ be an algebra over a field $F$ with the binary operations $+$ and $[,]$. Then $L$ is called a left Leibniz algebra if $[[a,b],c]=[a,[b,c]]-[b,[a,c]]$ for all $a,b,c\in L$. We describe the inner structure of left Leibniz algebras having dimension 3.
We prove that a linear mapping on the algebra \(\mathfrak{sl}_n\) of all trace zero complex matrices is a local automorphism if and only if it is an automorphism or an anti-automorphism. We also show that a linear mapping on a simple Leibniz algebra of the form \(\mathfrak{sl}_n\dot +\mathcal{I}\) is a local automorphism if and only if it is an automorphism. We give examples of finite-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebras \(\mathcal{L}\) with \(\dim \mathcal{L} \geq 3\) which admit local automorphisms which are not automorphisms.
We introduce the notion of a generalized metric n-Leibniz algebra and show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between generalized metric n-Leibniz algebras and faithful generalized orthogonal representations of metric Lie algebras (called Lie triple data). We further show that there is also a one-to-one correspondence between generalized orthogonal derivations (resp. generalized orthogonal automorphisms) on generalized metric n-Leibniz algebras and Lie triple datas.
We introduce Hom-actions, semi-direct product and establish the equivalence between split extensions and the semi-direct product extension of Hom-Leibniz algebras. We analyze the functorial properties of the universal (α)-central extensions of (α)-perfect Hom-Leibniz algebras. We establish under what conditions an automorphism or a derivation can be lifted in an α-cover and we analyze the universal α-central extension of the semi-direct product of two α-perfect Hom-Leibniz algebras.
In this note we consider low dimensional metric Leibniz algebras with an invariant inner product over the complex numbers up to five dimension. We study their deformations, and give explicit formulas for the cocycles and deformations. We identify among those the metric deformations.
We study some properties on $\mathsf{Lie}$-centroids related to central $\mathsf{Lie}$-derivations, generalized $\mathsf{Lie}$-derivations and almost inner $\mathsf{Lie}$-derivations. We also determine the $\mathsf{Lie}$-centroid of the tensor product of a commutative associative algebra and a Leibniz algebra.
We extend to the category of crossed modules of Leibniz algebras the notion of biderivation via the action of a Leibniz algebra. This results into a pair of Leibniz algebras which allow us to construct an object which is the actor under certain circumstances. Additionally, we give a description of an action in the category of crossed modules of Leibniz algebras in terms of equations. Finally, we check that, under the aforementioned conditions, the kernel of the canonical map from a crossed module to its actor coincides with the center and we introduce the notions of crossed module of inner and…
The present paper is devoted to provide conditions for the Levi--Malcev theorem to hold or not to hold (i.e. for two Levi subalgebras to be or not conjugate by an inner automorphism) in the context of finite-dimensional Leibniz algebras over a field of characteristic zero. Particularly, in the case of the field $\mathbb{C}$ of complex numbers, we consider all possible cases in which Levi subalgebras are conjugate and not conjugate.
We prove that the celebrated Itô's theorem for groups remains valid at the level of Leibniz algebras: if $\mathfrak{g}$ is a Leibniz algebra such that $\mathfrak{g} = A + B$, for two abelian subalgebras $A$ and $B$, then $\mathfrak{g}$ is metabelian, i.e. $[ \, [\mathfrak{g}, \, \mathfrak{g}], \, [ \mathfrak{g}, \, \mathfrak{g} ] \, ] = 0$. A structure type theorem for metabelian Leibniz/Lie algebras is proved. All metabelian Leibniz algebras having the derived algebra of dimension $1$ are described, classified and their automorphisms groups are explicitly determined as subgroups of a semidire…
We describe the groups of inner and outer automorphisms of the free metabelian nilpotent Lie algebra of finite rank over a field of characteristic 0. To obtain this result we first describe the groups of inner and continuous outer automorphisms of the completion with respect to the formal power series topology of the free metabelian Lie algebra finite rank.
An algebra $L$ over a field $\Bbb F$, in which product is denoted by $[\,,\,]$, is said to be \textit{ Lie type algebra} if for all elements $a,b,c\in L$ there exist $α, β\in \Bbb F$ such that $α\neq 0$ and $[[a,b],c]=α[a,[b,c]]+β[[a,c],b]$. Examples of Lie type algebras are associative algebras, Lie algebras, Leibniz algebras, etc. It is proved that if a Lie type algebra $L$ admits an automorphism of finite order $n$ with finite-dimensional fixed-point subalgebra of dimension $m$, then $L$ has a soluble ideal of finite codimension bounded in terms of $n$ and $m$ and of derived length bounded …
We produce a long exact sequence whose terms are unit groups of associative algebras that behave as inner automorphisms of a given tensor. Our sequence generalizes known sequences for associative and non-associative algebras. In a manner similar to those, our sequence facilitates inductive reasoning about, and calculation of the groups of symmetries of a tensor. The new insights these methods afford can be applied to problems ranging from understanding algebraic structures to distinguishing entangled states in particle physics.
Let F_m=F_m(var(sl(2,K))) be the relatively free algebra of rank m in the variety of Lie algebras generated by the algebra sl(2,K) over a field K of characteristic 0. Translating an old result of Baker from 1901 we present a multiplication rule for the inner automorphisms of the completion of F_m with respect to the formal power series topology. Our results are more precise for m=2 when F_2 is isomorphic to the Lie algebra L generated by two generic traceless 2 x 2 matrices. We give a complete description of the group of inner automorphisms of the completion of L. As a consequence we obtain si…
The inner automorphisms of a group G can be characterized within the category of groups without reference to group elements: they are precisely those automorphisms of G that can be extended, in a functorial manner, to all groups H given with homomorphisms G --> H. Unlike the group of inner automorphisms of G itself, the group of such extended systems of automorphisms is always isomorphic to G. A similar characterization holds for inner automorphisms of an associative algebra R over a field K; here the group of functorial systems of automorphisms is isomorphic to the group of units of R modulo …
Let $L_{n}$ be the free Lie algebra, $F_{n}$ be the free metabelian Lie algebra, and $L_{n,c}$ be the free metabelian nilpotent of class $c$ Lie algebra of rank $n$ generated by $x_1,\ldots,x_n$ over a field $K$ of characteristic zero. We call a polynomial $p(X_n)$ symmetric in these Lie algebras if $p(x_1,\ldots,x_n)=p(x_{π(1)},\ldots,x_{π(n)})$ for each element $π$ of the symmetric group $S_n$. The sets $L_n^{S_n}$, $F_n^{S_n}$, and $L_{n,c}^{S_n}$ of symmetric polynomials coincide with the algebras of invariants of the group $S_n$ in $L_{n}$, $F_{n}$, and $L_{n,c}$, respectively. We determi…
In this paper, the problem formulated in [8] is solved. We prove, that the group of automorphisms of the category of free associative algebras is generated by semi-inner and mirror automorphisms
Many important quantum algebras such as quantum symplectic space, quantum Euclidean space, quantum matrices, $q$-analogs of the Heisenberg algebra and the quantum Weyl algebra are semi-commutative. In addition, enveloping algebras $U(L_+)$ of even Lie color algebras are also semi-commutative. In this paper, we generalize work of Montgomery and examine the $X$-inner automorphisms of such algebras. The theorems and examples in our paper show that for algebras $R$ of this type, the non-identity $X$-inner automorphisms of $R$ tend to have infinite order. Thus if $G$ is a finite group of automorphi…
A classification up to automorphism of the inner ideals of the real finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras is given, jointly with precise descriptions in the case of the exceptional Lie algebras.
We study the automorphisms of Jha-Johnson semifields obtained from an invariant irreducible twisted polynomial $f\in K[t;σ]$, where $K=\mathbb{F}_{q^n}$ is a finite field and $σ$ an automorphism of $K$ of order $n$, with a particualr emphasis on inner automorphisms and the automorphisms of Sandler and Hughes-Kleinfeld semifields. We include the automorphisms of some Knuth semifields (which do not arise from skew polynomial rings). Isomorphism between Jha-Johnson semifields are considered as well.
Let L be the free m-generated metabelian nilpotent of class c Lie algebra over a field of characteristic 0. An automorphism f of L is called normal if f(I)=I for every ideal I of the algebra L. Such automorphisms form a normal subgroup N(L) of Aut(L) containing the group of inner automorphisms. We describe the group of normal automorphisms of L and the quotient group of Aut(L) modulo N(L).
We discuss the group of automorphisms of a general MR-algebra. We develop several functors between implication algebras and cubic algebras. These allow us to generalize the notion of inner automorphism. We then show that this group is always isomorphic to the group of inner automorphisms of a filter algebra.
We define a nonassociative generalization of cyclic Azumaya algebras employing skew polynomial rings $D[t;σ]$, where $D$ is an Azumaya algebra of constant rank with center $C$ and $σ$ an automorphism of $D$, such that $σ|_{C}$ has finite order. The automorphisms of these algebras are canonically induced by ring automorphisms of the skew polynomial ring $D[t;σ]$ used in their construction. We achieve a description of their inner automorphisms. Results on the automorphisms of classical Azumaya algebras and central simple algebras of this type are obtained as special cases.
In this paper, we prove that all automorphisms of categories of free S-acts are semi-inner, which solves a variation of a well known B. Plotkin's problem in the case of monoids. We also give a description of automorphisms of categories of finitely generated free algebras of varieties of unary algebras, and show that among varieties of unary algebras only the variety of mono-unary algebras is perfect.
In this paper, we consider inner automorphisms that leave invariant fixed subspaces of real and complex Clifford algebras -- subspaces of fixed grades and subspaces determined by the reversion and the grade involution. We present groups of elements that define such inner automorphisms and study their properties. Some of these Lie groups can be interpreted as generalizations of Clifford, Lipschitz, and spin groups. We study the corresponding Lie algebras. Some of the results can be reformulated for the case of more general algebras -- graded central simple algebras or graded central simple alge…
For an $n$-dimensional Leibniz/Lie algebra $\mathfrak{h}$ over a field $k$ we introduce a new invariant ${\mathcal A}(\mathfrak{h})$, called the \emph{universal algebra} of $\mathfrak{h}$, as a quotient of the polynomial algebra $k[X_{ij} \, | \, i, j = 1, \cdots, n]$ through an ideal generated by $n^3$ polynomials. We prove that ${\mathcal A}(\mathfrak{h})$ admits a unique bialgebra structure which makes it an initial object among all commutative bialgebras coacting on $\mathfrak{h}$. The new object ${\mathcal A} (\mathfrak{h})$ is the key tool in answering two open problems in Lie algebra th…
In algebraic geometry over a variety of universal algebras $Θ$, the group $Aut(Θ^{0})$ of automorphisms of the category $Θ^{0}$ of finitely generated free algebras of $Θ$ is of great importance. In this paper, semi-inner automorphisms are defined for the categories of free (semi)modules and free Lie modules; then, under natural conditions on a (semi)ring, it is shown that all automorphisms of those categories are semi-inner. We thus prove that for a variety $_{R}\mathcal{M}$ of semimodules over an IBN-semiring $R$ (an IBN-semiring is a semiring analog of a ring with IBN), all automorphisms of …
Lie algebras formed via semi-direct sums of the Witt algebra $\text{Der}(\mathbb{C}[t,t^{-1}])$ and its modules have become increasingly prominent in both physics and mathematics in recent years. In this paper, we complete the study of (Leibniz) central extensions, derivations and automorphisms of the Lie algebras formed from the semi-direct sum of the Witt algebra and its indecomposable intermediate series modules (that is, graded modules with one-dimensional graded components). Our techniques exploit the internal grading of the Witt algebra, which can be applied to a wider class of graded Li…
Let $\BB$ be the Lie algebra of Block type with basis $\{L_{\a,i}|\,\a,i\in\Z, i\geq0\}$ and relations $[L_{\a,i},L_{\b,j}]=\left((\a-1)(j+1)-(\b-1)(i+1)\right)L_{\a+\b,i+j}$. In the present paper, the derivation algebra and the automorphism group of $\BB$ are explicitly described. In particular, it is shown that the outer derivation space is 1-dimensional and the inner automorphism group of $\BB$ is trivial.
In this paper we consider some classical varieties of linear algebras over the field which has characteristic 0. For every considered variety we take a category of the finite generated free algebras of this variety. And for every this category we calculate the quotient group of the group of the all automorphisms of this category over the subgroup of the all inner automorphisms. This quotient group measures difference between the geometric equivalence and automorphic equivalence of algebras from this variety.
An algebra $S$ is called a Skolem-Noether algebra (SN algebra for short) if for every central simple algebra $R$, every homomorphism $R\to R\otimes S$ extends to an inner automorphism of $R\otimes S$. One of the important properties of such an algebra is that each automorphism of a matrix algebra over $S$ is the composition of an inner automorphism with an automorphism of $S$. The bulk of the paper is devoted to finding properties and examples of SN algebras. The classical Skolem-Noether theorem implies that every central simple algebra is SN. In this article it is shown that actually so is ev…
We prove that the group of automorphisms of the category of free modules over Noterian rings is semi-inner and present also a short proof of a similar result for the variery of Lie algebras.
In this paper we prove that over algebraically closed field $K$ of positive characteristic $\neq 2$ every automorphism of the group of origin-preserving automorphisms of the polynomial algebra $K[x_1,\ldots, x_n]$ ($n>3$) which fixes every diagonal matrix preserves, up to composition with a linear inner automorphism, every tame automorphism.
Let $A=A(x_{1},...,x_{n})$ be a free associative algebra in $\mathcal{A}$ freely generated over $K$ by a set $X=\{x_{1},...,x_{n}\}$, $End A$ be the semigroup of endomorphisms of $A$, and $Aut End A$ be the group of automorphisms of the semigroup $End A$. We investigate the structure of the groups $Aut End A$ and $Aut \mathcal{A}^{\circ}$, where $\mathcal{A}^{\circ}$ is the category of finitely generated free algebras from $\mathcal{A}$. We prove that the group $Aut End A$ is generated by semi-inner and mirror automorphisms of $End F$ and the group $Aut \mathcal{A}^{\circ}$ is generated by sem…
Let H be a Hopf algebra with antipode S, and let A be an N-Koszul Artin-Schelter regular algebra. We study connections between the Nakayama automorphism of A and S^2 of H when H coacts on A inner-faithfully. Several applications pertaining to Hopf actions on Artin-Schelter regular algebras are given.
We consider homogeneous varieties of linear algebras over an associative-commutative ring K with 1, i.e., the varieties in which free algebras are graded. Let F be a free algebra of some variety A of linear algebras over K freely generated by a finite set X, EndF be the semigroup of endomorphisms of F, and AutEndF be the group of automorphisms of the semigroup EndF. We investigate structure of the group AutEndF and its relation to the algebraical and categorical equivalence of algebras from A. We define a wide class of R1MF-domains containing, in particular, Bezout domains, unique factorizatio…
