We consider a 2D stochastic wave equation driven by a Gaussian noise, which is temporally white and spatially colored described by the Riesz kernel. Our first main result is the functional central limit theorem for the spatial average of the solution. And we also establish a quantitative central limit theorem for the marginal and the rate of convergence is described by the total-variation distance. A fundamental ingredient in our proofs is the pointwise $L^p$-estimate of Malliavin derivative, which is of independent interest.
We prove that an averaging principle holds for a general class of stochastic reaction-diffusion systems, having unbounded multiplicative noise, in any space dimension. We show that the classical Khasminskii approach for systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom can be extended to infinite dimensional systems.
We study the one-dimensional stochastic heat equation in the mild form driven by a general stochastic measure $μ$, for $μ$ we assume only $σ$-additivity in probability. The time averaging of the equation is considered, uniform a. s. convergence to the solution of the averaged equation is obtained.
By using the technique of the Zvonkin's transformation and the classical Khasminkii's time discretization method, we prove the averaging principle for slow-fast stochastic partial differential equations with bounded and Hölder continuous drift coefficients. An example is also provided to explain our result.
Stochastic averaging for a class of backward stochastic differential equations driven by both standard and fractional Brownian motions (SFrBSDEs in short), is investigated. An averaged SFrBSDEs for the original SFrBSDEs is proposed, and their solutions are quantitatively compared. Under some appropriate assumptions, the solutions to original systems can be approximated by the solutions to averaged stochastic systems in the sense of mean square and also in probability.
Our first result is a stochastic sewing lemma with quantitative estimates for mild incremental processes, with which we study SPDEs driven by fractional Brownian motions in a random environment. We obtain uniform $L^p$-bounds. Our second result is a fractional averaging principle admitting non-stationary fast environments. As an application, we prove a fractional averaging principle for SPDEs.
The aim of the paper is to establish a convergence theorem for multi-dimensional stochastic approximation when the "innovations" satisfy some "light" averaging properties in the presence of a pathwise Lyapunov function. These averaging assumptions allow us to unify apparently remote frameworks where the innovations are simulated (possibly deterministic like in Quasi-Monte Carlo simulation) or exogenous (like market data) with ergodic properties. We propose several fields of applications and illustrate our results on five examples mainly motivated by Finance.
The convective Brinkman-Forchheimer equations describe the motion of incompressible fluid flows in a saturated porous medium. This work examines the multiscale stochastic convective Brinkman-Forchheimer (SCBF) equations perturbed by multiplicative Gaussian noise in two and three dimensional bounded domains. We establish a strong averaging principle for the stochastic 2D SCBF equations, which contains a fast time scale component governed by a stochastic reaction-diffusion equation with damping driven by multiplicative Gaussian noise. We exploit the Khasminkii's time discretization approach in t…
The present article deals with the averaging principle for a two-time-scale system of jump-diffusion stochastic differential equation. Under suitable conditions, the weak error is expanded in powers of timescale parameter. It is proved that the rate of weak convergence to the averaged dynamics is of order $1$. This reveals the rate of weak convergence is essentially twice that of strong convergence.
We consider the averaging principle for stochastic reaction-diffusion equations. Under some assumptions providing existence of a unique invariant measure of the fast motion with the frozen slow component, we calculate limiting slow motion. The study of solvability of Kolmogorov equations in Hilbert spaces and the analysis of regularity properties of solutions, allow to generalize the classical approach to finite-dimensional problems of this type in the case of SPDE's.
In this article, we investigate averaging principle for stochastic hyperbolic-parabolic equations with two time-scales, in which both the slow and fast components are perturbed by multiplicative noises. Particularly, we prove that the rate of strong convergence for the slow component to the averaged dynamics is of order $1/2$, which significantly improves the order $1/4$ established in our previous work.
This article deals with the weak errors for averaging principle for a stochastic wave equation in a bounded interval $[0,L]$, perturbed by a oscillating term arising as the solution of a stochastic reaction-diffusion equation evolving with respect to the fast time. Under suitable conditions, it is proved that the rate of weak convergence to the averaged effective dynamics is of order $1$ via an asymptotic expansion approach.
This paper is devoted to proving the strong averaging principle for slow-fast stochastic partial differential equations with locally monotone coefficients, where the slow component is a stochastic partial differential equations with locally monotone coefficients and the fast component is a stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) with strongly monotone coefficients. The result is applicable to a large class of examples, such as the stochastic porous medium equation, the stochastic $p$-Laplace equation, the stochastic Burgers type equation and the stochastic 2D Navier-Stokes equation, …
The averaging principle is established for the slow component and the fast component being two dimensional stochastic Navier-Stokes equations and stochastic reaction-diffusion equations, respectively. The classical Khasminskii approach based on time discretization is used for the proof of the slow component strong convergence to the solution of the corresponding averaged equation under some suitable conditions. Meanwhile, some powerful techniques are used to overcome the difficulties caused by the nonlinear term and to release the regularity of the initial value.
We study the validity of an averaging principle for a slow-fast system of stochastic reaction diffusion equations. We assume here that the coefficients of the fast equation depend on time, so that the classical formulation of the averaging principle in terms of the invariant measure of the fast equation is not anymore available. As an alternative, we introduce the time depending evolution family of measures associated with the fast equation. Under the assumption that the coefficients in the fast equation are almost periodic, the evolution family of measures is almost periodic. This allows to i…
In this paper, we consider the averaging principle for one dimensional stochastic Burgers equation with slow and fast time-scales. Under some suitable conditions, we show that the slow component strongly converges to the solution of the corresponding averaged equation. Meanwhile, when there is no noise in the slow component equation, we also prove that the slow component weakly converges to the solution of the corresponding averaged equation with the order of convergence $1-r$, for any $0<r<1$.
This work explores the use of a forward-backward martingale method together with a decoupling argument and entropic estimates between the conditional and averaged measures to prove a strong averaging principle for stochastic differential equations with order of convergence 1/2. We obtain explicit expressions for all the constants involved. At the price of some extra assumptions on the time marginals and an exponential bound in time, we loosen the usual boundedness and Lipschitz assumptions. We conclude with an application of our result to Temperature-Accelerated Molecular Dynamics.
We study diffusion processes and stochastic flows which are time-changed random perturbations of a deterministic flow on a manifold. Using non-symmetric Dirichlet forms and their convergence in a sense close to the Mosco-convergence, we prove that, as the deterministic flow is accelerated, the diffusion process converges in law to a diffusion defined on a different space. This averaging principle also holds at the level of the flows. Our contributions in this article include: a proof of an original averaging principle for stochastic flows of kernels; the definition and study of a convergence o…
We consider a one-dimensional stochastic differential equation driven by a Wiener process, where the diffusion coefficient depends on an ergodic fast process. The averaging principle is satisfied: it is well-known that the slow component converges in distribution to the solution of an averaged equation, with generator determined by averaging the square of the diffusion coefficient. We propose a version of the averaging principle, where the solution is interpreted as the sum of two terms: one depending on the average of the diffusion coefficient, the other giving fluctuations around that averag…
This work is devoted to averaging principle of a two-time-scale stochastic partial differential equation on a bounded interval $[0, l]$, where both the fast and slow components are directly perturbed by additive noises. Under some regular conditions on drift coefficients, it is proved that the rate of weak convergence for the slow variable to the averaged dynamics is of order $1-\varepsilon$ for arbitrarily small $\varepsilon>0$. The proof is based on an asymptotic expansion of solutions to Kolmogorov equations associated with the multiple-time-scale system.
This paper is devoted to studying the averaging principle for stochastic differential equations with slow and fast time-scales, where the drift coefficients satisfy local Lipschitz conditions with respect to the slow and fast variables, and the coefficients in the slow equation depend on time $t$ and $ω$. Making use of the techniques of time discretization and truncation, we prove that the slow component strongly converges to the solution of the corresponding averaged equation.
The first aim of this paper is to establish the weak convergence rate of nonlinear two-time-scale stochastic approximation algorithms. Its second aim is to introduce the averaging principle in the context of two-time-scale stochastic approximation algorithms. We first define the notion of asymptotic efficiency in this framework, then introduce the averaged two-time-scale stochastic approximation algorithm, and finally establish its weak convergence rate. We show, in particular, that both components of the averaged two-time-scale stochastic approximation algorithm simultaneously converge at the…
In this paper, we study a system of stochastic partial differential equations with slow and fast time-scales, where the slow component is a stochastic real Ginzburg-Landau equation and the fast component is a stochastic reaction-diffusion equation, the system is driven by $α$-stable process with $α\in (1,2)$. Using the classical Khasminskii approach based on time discretization and the techniques of stopping times, we show that the slow component strong converges to the solution of the corresponding averaged equation under some suitable conditions.
In this paper, we consider a class of slow-fast systems of stochastic partial differential equations where the nonlinearity in the slow equation is not continuous and unbounded. We first provide conditions that ensure the existence of a martingale solution. Then we prove that the laws of the slow motions are tight, and any of their limiting points is a martingale solution for a suitable averaged equation. Our results apply to systems of stochastic reaction-diffusion equations where the reaction term in the slow equation is only continuous and has polynomial growth.
We study the asymptotic behavior of stochastic hyperbolic parabolic equations with slow and fast time scales. Both the strong and weak convergence in the averaging principe are established, which can be viewed as a functional law of large numbers. Then we study the stochastic fluctuations of the original system around its averaged equation. We show that the normalized difference converges weakly to the solution of a linear stochastic wave equation, which is a form of functional central limit theorem. We provide a unified proof for the above convergence by using the Poisson equation in Hilbert …
We investigate the effective behaviour of a small transversal perturbation of order $ε$ to a completely integrable stochastic Hamiltonian system, by which we mean a stochastic differential equation whose diffusion vector fields are formed from a completely integrable family of Hamiltonian functions $H_i, i=1,\dots n$. An averaging principle is shown to hold and the action component of the solution converges, as $ε\to 0$, to the solution of a deterministic system of differential equations when the time is rescaled at $1/ε$. An estimate for the rate of the convergence is given. In the case when …
In this paper, we aim to study the asymptotic behaviour for a class of McKean-Vlasov stochastic partial differential equations with slow and fast time-scales. Using the variational approach and classical Khasminskii time discretization, we show that the slow component strongly converges to the solution of the associated averaged equation. In particular, the corresponding convergence rates are also obtained. The main results can be applied to demonstrate the averaging principle for various McKean-Vlasov nonlinear SPDEs such as stochastic porous media type equation, stochastic $p$-Laplace type e…
The weak averaging principle of stochastic functional partial differential equations with H$\ddot{\text{o}}$lder continuous coefficients and infinite delay
Let $Z = (Z_t)_{t\in[0,\infty)}$ be an ergodic Markov process and, for every $n\in\mathbb{N}$, let $Z^n = (Z_{n^2 t})_{t\in[0,\infty)}$ drive a process $X^n$. Classical results show under suitable conditions that the sequence of non-Markovian processes $(X^n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ converges to a Markov process and give its infinitesimal characteristics. Here, we consider a general sequence $(Z^n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$. Using a general result on stochastic averaging from [Kur92], we derive conditions which ensure that the sequence $(X^n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ converges as in the classical case. As an appli…
In the presence of multiscale dynamics in a reaction network, direct simulation methods become inefficient as they can only advance the system on the smallest scale. This work presents stochastic averaging techniques to accelerate computations for obtaining estimates of expected values and sensitivities with respect to the steady state distribution. A two-time-scale formulation is used to establish bounds on the bias induced by the averaging method. Further, this formulation provides a framework to create an accelerated `averaged' version of most single-scale sensitivity estimation method. In …
Stochastic averaging for a class of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with fractional Brownian motion, of the Hurst parameter H in the interval (1/2, 1), is investigated. An averaged SDE for the original SDE is proposed, and their solutions are quantitatively compared. It is shown that the solution of the averaged SDE converges to that of the original SDE in the sense of mean square and also in probability. It is further demonstrated that a similar averaging principle holds for SDEs under stochastic integral of pathwise backward and forward types. Two examples are presented and numerica…
We study the asymptotic behavior for an inhomogeneous multiscale stochastic dynamical system with non-smooth coefficients. Depending on the averaging regime and the homogenization regime, two strong convergences in the averaging principle of functional law of large numbers type are established. Then we consider the small fluctuations of the system around its average. Nine cases of functional central limit type theorems are obtained. In particular, even though the averaged equation for the original system is the same, the corresponding homogenization limit for the normal deviation can be quite …
We present the validity of stochastic averaging principle for non-autonomous slow-fast stochastic differential equations (SDEs) whose fast motions admit random periodic solutions. Our investigation is motivated by some problems arising from multi-scale stochastic dynamical systems, where configurations are time dependent due to nonlinearity of the underlying vector fields and the onset of time dependent random invariant sets. Averaging principle with respect to uniform ergodicity of the fast motion is no longer available in this scenario. Lyapunov second method together with synchronous coupli…
We consider the averaging principle for deterministic or stochastic systems with a fast stochastic component (family of continuous-time Markov chains depending on the state of the system as a parameter). We show that, due to bifurcations in the simplex of invariant probability measures of the chains, the limiting system should be considered on a graph or on an open book with certain gluing conditions in the vertices of the graph (or on the bifurcation surface).
In this paper, we first study the well-posedness of a class of McKean-Vlasov stochastic partial differential equations driven by cylindrical $α$-stable process, where $α\in(1,2)$. Then by the method of the Khasminskii's time discretization, we prove the averaging principle of a class of multiscale McKean-Vlasov stochastic partial differential equations driven by cylindrical $α$-stable processes. Meanwhile, we obtain a specific strong convergence rate.
We introduce a class of Markov chains, that contains the model of stochastic approximation by averaging and non-averaging. Using martingale approximation method, we establish various deviation inequalities for separately Lipschitz functions of such a chain, with different moment conditions on some dominating random variables of martingale differences.Finally, we apply these inequalities to the stochastic approximation by averaging and empirical risk minimisation.
The main goal of the work is to study the stochastic averaging principle for two time-scales stochastic evolution equations driven by Lévy process. The solution of reduced equation with modified coefficient is derived to approximate the slow component of original equation under suitable condition. It is shown that the slow component can strongly converge to the solution of corresponding reduced equation in L^p(p>2)-strong convergence sense.Our key and novelty is how to cope with the changes caused by Lévy process and higher order moments.
An averaging result is proved for stochastic evolution equations with highly oscillating coefficients. This result applies in particular to equations with almost periodic coefficients. The convergence to the solution of the averaged equation is obtained in distribution, as in previous works by Khasminskii and Vrko{\v c}.This version corrects two minor errors from our paper published in J. Math. Anal. Appl. 427(1):336--364, 2015.
This paper is devoted to the study of an averaging principle for fractional stochastic differential equations in Rnwith Lévy motion, using an integral transform method. We obtain a time-averaged equation under suitable assumptions. Furthermore, we show that the solutions of averaged equation approach the solutions of the original equation. Our results in this paper provide better understanding for effective approximation of fractional dynamical systems with non-Gaussian Lévy noise.
This paper focuses on a class of two-time-scale functional stochastic differential equations, where the phase space of the segment processes is infinite-dimensional. It develops ergodicity of the fast component and obtains a strong limit theorem for the averaging principle in the spirit of Khasminskii's averaging approach for the slow component.
This paper investigates a non-autonomous slow-fast system, which is generalized by stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with locally Lipschitz coefficients, subjected to standard Brownian motion (Bm) and fractional Brownian motion (fBm) with Hurst parameter 1/2<H<1. We concentrate on how to handle both types of integrals with respect to Bm and fBm and the locally Lispchitz continuity. The pathwise approach and the Ito stochastic calculus are combined with the technique of stopping time to establish the averaging principle where the averaged equation is defined. Then, the slow component of …
We examine the convergence in the Krylov--Bogolyubov averaging for nonlinear stochastic perturbations of linear PDEs with pure imaginary spectrum and show that if the involved effective equation is mixing, then the convergence is uniform in time.
Mathematical models of biological neural networks are associated to a rich and complex class of stochastic processes. In this paper, we consider a simple {\em plastic} neural network whose {\em connectivity/synaptic strength} $(W(t))$ depends on a set of activity-dependent processes to model {\em synaptic plasticity}, a well-studied mechanism from neuroscience. A general class of stochastic models has been introduced in \cite{robert_mathematical_2020} to study the stochastic process $(W(t))$. It has been observed experimentally that its dynamics occur on much slower timescale than that of the …
In previous papers we developed a deterministic fluid approximation for an overloaded Markovian queueing system having two customer classes and two service pools, known in the call-center literature as the X model. The system uses the fixed-queue-ratio-with-thresholds (FQR-T) control, which we proposed in a recent paper as a way for one service system to help another in face of an unexpected overload. Under FQR-T, customers are served by their own service pool until a threshold is exceeded. Then, one-way sharing is activated with customers from one class allowed to be served in both pools. The…
In contrast to existing works on stochastic averaging on finite intervals, we establish an averaging principle on the whole real axis, i.e. the so-called second Bogolyubov theorem, for semilinear stochastic ordinary differential equations in Hilbert space with Poisson stable (in particular, periodic, quasi-periodic, almost periodic, almost automorphic etc) coefficients. Under some appropriate conditions we prove that there exists a unique recurrent solution to the original equation, which possesses the same recurrence property as the coefficients, in a small neighborhood of the stationary solu…
