Let $\mathcal{SN}$ be the strong measure zero $σ$-ideal. We prove a result providing bounds for $\mathrm{cof}(\mathcal{SN})$ which implies Yorioka's characterization of the cofinality of the strong measure zero. In addition, we use forcing matrix iterations to construct a model of ZFC that satisfies $\mathrm{add}(\mathcal{SN})=\mathrm{cov}(\mathcal{SN})<\mathrm{non}(\mathcal{SN})<\mathrm{cof}(\mathcal{SN})$.
From large cardinals we show the consistency of normal, fine, $κ$-complete $λ$-dense ideals on $\mathcal{P}_κ(λ)$ for successor $κ$. We explore the interplay between dense ideals, cardinal arithmetic, and squares, answering some open questions of Foreman.
We show that many large cardinal notions up to measurability can be characterized through the existence of certain filters for small models of set theory. This correspondence will allow us to obtain a canonical way in which to assign ideals to many large cardinal notions. This assignment coincides with classical large cardinal ideals whenever such ideals had been defined before. Moreover, in many important cases, relations between these ideals reflect the ordering of the corresponding large cardinal properties both under direct implication and consistency strength.
For a free ultrafilter U on omega we study several cardinal characteristics which describe part of the combinatorial structure of U. We provide various consistency results; e.g. we show how to force simultaneously many characters and many pi --characters. We also investigate two ideals on the Baire space omega^omega naturally related to U and calculate cardinal coefficients of these ideals in terms of cardinal characteristics of the underlying ultrafilter.
Building on work of Holy, Lücke and Njegomir \cite{MR3913154} on small embedding characterizations of large cardinals, we use some classical results of Baumgartner (see \cite{MR0384553} and \cite{MR0540770}), to give characterizations of several well-known large cardinal ideals, including the Ramsey ideal, in terms of generic elementary embeddings; we also point out some seemingly inherent differences between small embedding and generic embedding characterizations of subtle cardinals. Additionally, we present a simple and uniform proof which shows that, when $κ$ is weakly compact, many large c…
We give some general criteria, when kappa-complete forcing preserves largeness properties -- like kappa-presaturation of normal ideals on lambda (even when they concentrate on small cofinalities). Then we quite accurately obtain the consistency strength ``NS_lambda is aleph_1-preserving'', for lambda > aleph_2 .
An ideal $I$ on a cardinal $κ$ is called \emph{rigid} if all automorphisms of $P(κ)/I$ are trivial. An ideal is called \emph{$μ$-minimal} if whenever $G\subseteq P(κ)/I$ is generic and $X\in P(μ)^{V[G]}\setminus V$, it follows that $V[X]=V[G]$. We prove that the existence of a rigid saturated $μ$-minimal ideal on $μ^+$, where $μ$ is a regular cardinal, is consistent relative to the existence of large cardinals. The existence of such an ideal implies that GCH fails. However, we show that the existence of a rigid saturated ideal on $μ^+$, where $μ$ is an \emph{uncountable} regular cardinal, is c…
A property of a filter, a kind of large cardinal property, suffices for the proof in Liu Shelah [LiSh:484] and is proved consistent as required there. A natural property which looks better, not only is not obtained here, but is shown to be false. On earlier related theorems see Gitik Shelah [GiSh310].
Yorioka [J. Symbolic Logic 67(4):1373-1384, 2002] introduced a class of ideals (parametrized by reals) on the Cantor space to prove that the relation between the size of the continuum and the cofinality of the strong measure zero ideal on the real line cannot be decided in ZFC. We construct a matrix iteration of ccc posets to force that, for many ideals in that class, their associated cardinal invariants (i.e. additivity, covering, uniformity and cofinality) are pairwise different. In addition, we show that, consistently, the additivity and cofinality of Yorioka ideals does not coincide with t…
The additivity spectrum ADD(I) of an ideal I is the set of all regular cardinals kappa such that there is an increasing chain {A_alpha:alpha<kappa\} in the ideal I such that the union of the chain is not in I. We investigate which set A of regular cardinals can be the additivity spectrum of certain ideals. Assume that I=B or I=N, where B denotes the sigma-ideal generated by the compact subsets of the Baire space omega^omega, and N is the ideal of the null sets. For countable sets we give a full characterization of the additivity spectrum of I: a non-empty countable set A of uncountable regular…
We extend prior results of Cody-Eskew, showing the consistency of GCH with the statement that for all regular cardinals $κ\leq λ$, where $κ$ is the successor of a regular cardinal, there is a rigid saturated ideal on $\mathcal{P}_κλ$. We also show the consistency of some instances of rigid saturated ideals on $\mathcal{P}_κλ$ where $κ$ is the successor of a singular cardinal.
If $κ$ is regular and $2^{<κ}\leqκ^+$, then the existence of a weakly presaturated ideal on $κ^+$ implies $\square^*_κ$. This partially answers a question of Foreman and Magidor about the approachability ideal on $ω_2$. As a corollary, we show that if there is a presaturated ideal $I$ on $ω_2$ such that $\mathcal{P}(ω_2)/I$ is semiproper, then CH holds. We also show some barriers to getting the tree property and a saturated ideal simultaneously on a successor cardinal from conventional forcing methods.
Answering two questions of D. Fremlin [Real-valued measurable cardinals, in Set Theory of the Reals, H. Judah ed. 1993, 151-305 ] we show the following: (1) If c is real-valued measurable then the Maharam type of (c,P(c),sigma) is 2^c. (2) It is consistent to have k real-valued measurable but for every submodel V_1 with k measurable in it there are no k reals which are random over V_1.
In this paper we present a few properties of $K$-partitions, which are partitions of Baire spaces such that all subfamilies of such a partition sum to a set with the Baire property. Among the result proven we have general existence result that state that the existence of any $K$-partition implies the existence of $K$-partition of a metrizable space as well as existence of $K$-partition of a compact space implies the existence of $K$-partition of a completely metrizable space. We also prove some connections between existence of $K$-partitions and existence of precipitous ideals as well as measu…
Working under large cardinal assumptions, we study the Borel-reducibility between equivalence relations modulo restrictions of the non-stationary ideal on some fixed cardinal $κ$. We show the consistency of $E^{λ^{++},λ^{++}}_{λ\text{-club}}$, the relation of equivalence modulo the non-stationary ideal restricted to $S^{λ^{++}}_λ$ in the space $(λ^{++})^{λ^{++}}$, being continuously reducible to $E^{2,λ^{++}}_{λ^+\text{-club}}$, the relation of equivalence modulo the non-stationary ideal restricted to $S^{λ^{++}}_{λ^+}$ in the space $2^{λ^{++}}$. Then we show the consistency of $E^{2,κ}_{reg}$…
Given an ideal $I$ on $ω$ let $a(I) $ ($\bar{a}(I)$) be minimum of the cardinalities of infinite (uncountable) maximal $I$-almost disjoint subsets of $[ω]^ω$, and denote $b_I$ and$d_I$ the unbounding and dominating numbers of $(ω^ω,\le_I)$. We show that (1) $a(I)>omega$ if $I$ is a summable ideal; (2) $a(Z)=ω$ and $\bar{a}(Z)\le a$ if $Z$ is a tall density ideal, (3) $b\le \bar{a}(I)$, and $b_I=b$ and $d_I=d$, for any analytic P-ideal $I$ on $ω$. Given an analytic $P$-ideal $I$ we investigate the relationship between the Sack, the $I$-bounding, $I$-dominating and $ω^ω$-bounding properties of a…
We prove two $\mathrm{ZFC}$ inequalities between cardinal invariants. The first inequality involves cardinal invariants associated with an analytic P-ideal, in particular the ideal of subsets of $ω$ of asymptotic density $0$. We obtain an upper bound on the $\ast$-covering number, sometimes also called the weak covering number, of this ideal by proving in Section \ref{sec:covz0} that ${\mathord{\mathrm{cov}}}^{\ast}({\mathcal{Z}}_{0}) \leq \mathfrak{d}$. In Section \ref{sec:skbk} we investigate the relationship between the bounding and splitting numbers at regular uncountable cardinals. We pro…
Using a countable support product of creature forcing posets, we show that consistently, for uncountably many different functions the associated Yorioka ideals' uniformity numbers can be pairwise different. In addition we show that, in the same forcing extension, for two other types of simple cardinal characteristics parametrised by reals (localisation and anti-localisation cardinals), for uncountably many parameters the corresponding cardinals are pairwise different.
It is well known to generalize the meagre ideal replacing aleph_0 by a (regular) cardinal lambda > aleph_0 and requiring the ideal to be lambda^+-complete. But can we generalize the null ideal? In terms of forcing, this means finding a forcing notion similar to the random real forcing, replacing aleph_0 by lambda, so requiring it to be (<lambda)-complete. Of course, we would welcome additional properties generalizing the ones of the random real forcing. Returning to the ideal (instead forcing) we may look at the Boolean Algebra of lambda-Borel sets modulo the ideal. Surprisingly we get an posi…
Some models of combinatorial principles have been obtained by collapsing a huge cardinal in the case of the successors of regular cardinals. For example, saturated ideals, Chang's conjecture, polarized partition relations, and transfer principles for chromatic numbers of graphs. In this paper, we study these in the case of the successors of singular cardinals. In particular, we show that Prikry forcing preserves the centeredness of ideals but kills the layeredness. We also study $\binom{μ^{++}}{μ^{+}}\to\binomκ{μ^{+}}_μ$ and $\mathrm{Tr}_{\mathrm{Chr}}(μ^{+++},μ^{+})$ in the extension by Prikr…
We prove that a variety of generalized cardinal characteristics, including meeting numbers, the reaping number, and the dominating number, satisfy an analogue of the Galvin-Hajnal theorem, and hence also of Silver's theorem, at singular cardinals of uncountable cofinality.
The weakly compact reflection principle $\text{Refl}_{\text{wc}}(κ)$ states that $κ$ is a weakly compact cardinal and every weakly compact subset of $κ$ has a weakly compact proper initial segment. The weakly compact reflection principle at $κ$ implies that $κ$ is an $ω$-weakly compact cardinal. In this article we show that the weakly compact reflection principle does not imply that $κ$ is $(ω+1)$-weakly compact. Moreover, we show that if the weakly compact reflection principle holds at $κ$ then there is a forcing extension preserving this in which $κ$ is the least $ω$-weakly compact cardinal.…
Let kappa be a regular uncountable cardinal and lambda > kappa a singular strong limit cardinal. We give a new characterization of the nonstationary subsets of P_kappa (lambda) and use this to prove that the nonstationary ideal on P_kappa (lambda) is nowhere precipitous.
A subset $S$ of a cardinal $κ$ is Ramsey if for every function $f:[S]^{<ω}\to κ$ with $f(a)<\min a$ for all $a\in[S]^{<ω}$, there is a set $H\subseteq S$ of cardinality $κ$ which is \emph{homogeneous} for $f$, meaning that $f\upharpoonright[H]^n$ is constant for each $n<ω$. Baumgartner proved \cite{MR0384553} that if $κ$ is a Ramsey cardinal, then the collection of non-Ramsey subsets of $κ$ is a normal ideal on $κ$. Sharpe and Welch \cite{MR2817562}, and independently Bagaria \cite{MR3894041}, extended the notion of $Π^1_n$-indescribability where $n<ω$ to that of $Π^1_ξ$-indescribability where…
We introduce various colouring principles which generalise the so-called "onto mapping principle" of Sierpinski to larger cardinals and general ideals. We prove that these principles capture the notion of an Ulam matrix and allow to characterise large cardinals, most notably weakly compact and ineffable cardinals. We also develop the basic theory of these colouring principles, connecting them to the classical negative square bracket partition relations, proving pumping-up theorems, and deciding various instances of theirs. We also demonstrate that our principles provide a uniform way of obtain…
Generalizing Keisler's notion of regularity for ultrafilters, Taylor introduced degrees of regularity for ideals and showed that a countably complete nonregular ideal on $ω_1$ must be somewhere $ω_1$-dense. We prove a dichotomy about degrees of regularity for $κ$-complete ideals on successor cardinals $κ$ and apply this to show that Taylor's Theorem does not generalize to higher cardinals. In particular, the existence of a nonregular ideal on $ω_2$ does not imply the existence of an $ω_2$-dense ideal on $ω_2$. We obtain similar results for normal ideals on $\mathcal P_κ(λ)$.
We prove the consistency of the statement $\mathfrak{u}_{\aleph_ω}<2^{\aleph_ω}$. We show that the consistency strength of this statement is exactly a measurable cardinal $μ$ so that $o(μ)=μ^{++}$.
Given a forcing notion $P$ that forces certain values to several classical cardinal characteristics of the reals, we show how we can compose $P$ with a collapse (of a cardinal $λ>κ$ to $κ$) such that the composition still forces the previous values to these characteristics. We also show how to force distinct values to $\mathfrak m$, $\mathfrak p$ and $\mathfrak h$ and also keeping all the values in Cichoń's diagram distint, using the Boolean Ultrapower method of arXiv:1708.03691 . (In arXiv:2006.09826 , the same was done for the newer Cichoń's Maximum construction, which avoids large cardinals…
In this note, we relax the hypothesis of the main results in Kellner-Shelah-Tǎnasie's "Another ordering of the ten cardinal characteristics in Cichoń's diagram".
We prove that if lambda is a strong limit singular cardinal and kappa a regular uncountable cardinal < lambda, then NS_{kappa lambda}, the non-stationary ideal over P_{kappa} lambda, is nowhere precipitous. We also show that under the same hypothesis every stationary subset of P_{kappa} lambda can be partitioned into lambda^{< kappa} disjoint stationary sets.
Let $\mathcal{E}$ be the $σ$-ideal generated by the closed measure zero sets of reals. We use an ultrafilter-extendable matrix iteration of ccc posets to force that, for $\mathcal{E}$, their associated cardinal characteristics (i.e.\ additivity, covering, uniformity and cofinality) are pairwise different.
Much recent work in cardinal characteristics has focused on generalizing results about $ω$ to uncountable cardinals by studying analogues of classical cardinal characteristics on the generalized Baire and Cantor spaces $κ^κ$ and $2^κ$. In this note I look at generalizations to other function spaces, focusing particularly on the space of functions $f:ω^ω\to ω^ω$. By considering classical cardinal invariants on Baire space in this setting I derive a number of "higher dimensional" analogues of such cardinals, ultimately introducing 18 new cardinal invariants, alongside a framework that allows for…
Technical University of Košice（科希策理工大学）；Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice（科希策帕沃尔·约瑟夫·沙法里克大学）；Slovak Academy of Sciences（斯洛伐克科学院）；Technische Universität Wien（维也纳工业大学）；University of Vienna（维也纳大学）
Let P be the direct product of countably many copies of the additive group Z of integers. We study, from a set-theoretic point of view, those subgroups of P for which all homomorphisms to Z annihilate all but finitely many of the standard unit vectors. Specifically, we relate the smallest possible size of such a subgroup to several of the standard cardinal characteristics of the continuum. We also study some related properties and cardinals, both group-theoretic and set-theoretic. One of the set-theoretic properties and the associated cardinal are combinatorially natural, independently of any …
We provide a model where u(κ) < 2^κ for a supercompact cardinal κ. Garti and Shelah have provided a sketch of how to obtain such a model by modifying the construction in a paper of Dzamonja and Shelah; we provide here a complete proof using a different modification and further study the values of other natural generalizations of classical cardinal characteristics in our model. For this purpose we generalize some standard facts that hold in the countable case as well as some classical forcing notions and their properties.
We present two different types of models where, for certain singular cardinals lambda of uncountable cofinality, lambda -> (lambda, omega+1)^2, although lambda is not a strong limit cardinal. We announce, here, and will present in a subsequent paper, that, for example, consistently, aleph_{omega_1} not-> (aleph_{omega_1}, omega+1)^2 and consistently, 2^{aleph_0} not-> (2^{aleph_0},omega +1)^2 .
Foreman proved the Duality Theorem, which gives an algebraic characterization of certain ideal quotients in generic extensions. As an application he proved that generic supercompactness of $ω_1$ is preserved by any proper forcing. We generalize portions of Foreman's Duality Theorem to the context of generic extender embeddings and ideal extenders (as introduced by Claverie in his PhD Thesis, Universitat Munster, 2010). As an application we prove that if $ω_1$ is generically strong, then it remains so after adding any number of Cohen subsets of $ω_1$; however many other $ω_1$-closed posets---su…
Boykin and Jackson recently introduced a property of countable Borel equivalence relations called Borel boundedness, which they showed is closely related to the union problem for hyperfinite equivalence relations. In this paper, we introduce a family of properties of countable Borel equivalence relations which correspond to combinatorial cardinal characteristics of the continuum in the same way that Borel boundedness corresponds to the bounding number $\mathfrak b$. We analyze some of the basic behavior of these properties, showing for instance that the property corresponding to the splitting …
Combining creature forcing approaches from arXiv:1003.3425 and arXiv:1402.0367, we show that, under CH, there is a proper $ω^ω$-bounding poset with $\aleph_2$-cc that forces continuum many pairwise different cardinal characteristics, parametrised by reals, for each one of the following six types: uniformity and covering numbers of Yorioka ideals as well as both kinds of localisation and anti-localisation cardinals, respectively. This answers several open questions from arXiv:1805.11005.
We investigate the behavior of cardinal characteristics of the reals under extensions that do not add new ${<}κ$-sequences (for some regular $κ$). As an application, we show that consistently the following cardinal characteristics can be different: The ("independent") characteristics in Cichoń's diagram, plus $\aleph_1<\mathfrak m<\mathfrak p<\mathfrak h<\mathrm{add}(\mathcal{N})$. (So we get thirteen different values, including $\aleph_1$ and continuum). We also give constructions to alternatively separate other MA-numbers (instead of $\mathfrak m$), namely: MA for $k$-Knaster from MA for $k+…
We introduce the notion of $\mathcal{C}$-system of filters, generalizing the standard definitions of both extenders and towers of normal ideals. This provides a framework to develop the theory of extenders and towers in a more general and concise way. In this framework we investigate the topic of definability of generic large cardinals properties.
We present an analogy between cardinal characteristics from set theory and highness properties from computability theory, which specify a sense in which a Turing oracle is computationally strong. While this analogy was first studied explicitly by Rupprecht in his PhD thesis, many prior results can be viewed from this perspective. After a comprehensive survey of the analogy for characteristics from Cichon's diagram, we extend it to Kurtz randomness and the analogue of the Specker-Eda number.
