Helly graphs are graphs in which every family of pairwise intersecting balls has a non-empty intersection. This is a classical and widely studied class of graphs. In this article we focus on groups acting geometrically on Helly graphs -- Helly groups. We provide numerous examples of such groups: all (Gromov) hyperbolic, CAT(0) cubical, finitely presented graphical C(4)$-$T(4) small cancellation groups, and type-preserving uniform lattices in Euclidean buildings of type $C_n$ are Helly; free products of Helly groups with amalgamation over finite subgroups, graph products of Helly groups, some diagram products of Helly groups, some right-angled graphs of Helly groups, and quotients of Helly groups by finite normal subgroups are Helly. We show many properties of Helly groups: biautomaticity, existence of finite dimensional models for classifying spaces for proper actions, contractibility of asymptotic cones, existence of EZ-boundaries, satisfiability of the Farrell-Jones conjecture and of the coarse Baum-Connes conjecture. This leads to new results for some classical families of groups (e.g. for FC-type Artin groups) and to a unified approach to results obtained earlier.
A graph is Helly if every family of pairwise intersecting combinatorial balls has a nonempty intersection. We show that weak Garside groups of finite type and FC-type Artin groups are Helly, that is, they act geometrically on Helly graphs. In particular, such groups act geometrically on spaces with convex geodesic bicombing, equipping them with a nonpositive-curvature-like structure. That structure has many properties of a CAT(0) structure and, additionally, it has a combinatorial flavor implying biautomaticity. As immediate consequences we obtain new results for FC-type Artin groups (in parti…
We describe a connection between the combinatorics of generators for certain groups and the combinatorics of Helly's 1913 theorem on convex sets. We use this connection to prove fixed point theorems for actions of these groups on nonpositively curved metric spaces. These results are encode d in a property that we introduce called ``property $\FA_r$'', which reduces to Serre's property $\FA$ when $r=1$. The method applies to $S$-arithmetic groups in higher $\Q$-rank, to simplex reflection groups (including some non-arithmetic ones), and to higher rank Chevalley groups over polynomial and other …
From Trees to Tripods: Proof of $K(π,1)$ for Artin groups with $ABI$-type spherical parabolics
Instytut Matematyczny, Uniwersytet Wrocławski（弗罗茨瓦夫大学数学研究所）；Department of Mathematics, Tufts University（塔夫茨大学数学系）；Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University（俄亥俄州立大学数学系）
Inspired by the definition of generalized wreath product of permutation groups, we define the generalized wreath product of graphs, containing the classical Cartesian and wreath product of graphs as particular cases. We prove that the generalized wreath product of Cayley graphs of finite groups is the Cayley graph of the generalized wreath product of the corresponding groups.
In this paper there are considered some scalar valued groupoid bihomomorphism structures, being in fact the groupoid counterparts of the inner product notion originally defined for vectors. These bihomomorphisms, called here the semi-inner products for groupoids, determine non-negative real valued functions which fulfill the axioms assumed for a groupoid norm concept [2].
It is proved that generalized free product of two finite p-groups is a conjugacy p-separable group if and only if it is residually finite p-groups. This result is then applied to establish some sufficient conditions for conjugacy p-separability of generalized free product of infinite groups.
We prove that the class of residually C groups is closed under taking graph products, provided that C is closed under taking subgroups, finite direct products and that free-by-C groups are residually C. As a consequence, we show that local embeddability into various classes of groups is stable under graph products. In particular, we prove that graph products of residually amenable groups are residually amenable, and that locally embeddable into amenable groups are closed under taking graph products.
The RP-property of Fel'shtyn and Troitsky is proved for wreath products of finitely generated Abelian groups with the group of integers. Such wreath products become the first known example of finitely generated RP-groups being not almost polycyclic.
Given an edge-independent random graph G(n,p), we determine various facts about the cohomology of graph products of groups for the graph G(n,p). In particular, the random graph product of a sequence of finite groups is a rational duality group with probability tending to 1 as n goes to infinity. This includes random right angled Coxeter groups as a special case.
We describe an underlying right angled building structure of any graph product of buildings. We describe the automorphism group of the graph product of buildings. We show that the notion of generalized graph product of a collection of groups, each with an action on a building, corresponds to the group of automorphisms generated via lifts. It follows that if each building is finite, then the generalized graph product is residually finite.
Groups preserving a distributive product are encountered often in algebra. Examples include automorphism groups of associative and nonassociative rings, classical groups, and automorphism groups of p-groups. While the great variety of such products precludes any realistic hope of describing the general structure of the groups that preserve them, it is reasonable to expect that insight may be gained from an examination of the universal distributive products: tensor products. We give a detailed description of the groups preserving tensor products over semisimple and semiprimary rings, and presen…
Palindromes are those reduced words of free products of groups that coincide with their reverse words. We prove that a free product of groups $G$ has infinite palindromic width, provided that $G$ is not the free product of two cyclic groups of order two. This means that there is no a uniform bound $k$ such that every element of $G$ is a product of at most $k$ palindromes. Earlier the similar fact established for non-abelian free groups.
A classification of the ways in which an element of a free group can be expressed as a product of commutators or as a product of squares is given. This is then applied to some particular classes of elements. Finally, a question about expressing a commutator as a product of squares is addressed.
The first author, in 2001, presented a structure for the Baer-invariant of a nilpotent product of cyclic groups with respect to the variety of nilpotent groups. In this paper, using the above structure, we prove the existence of an ${\cal N}_c$-covering group for a nilpotent product of a family of cyclic groups. We also present a structure for the ${\cal N}_c$-covering group.
We address the problem of determining the class of self-similar groups, and in particular its closure under restricted direct products. We show that the group $\mathbb Z^{(ω)}$ is self-similar, that $G^{(ω)}\rtimes C_2$ is self-similar whenever $G$ is, and that permutational wreath products of a finite abelian group with a self-similar group are self-similar.
We investigate the structure of subdirect products of groups, particularly their finiteness properties. We pay special attention to the subdirect products of free groups, surface groups and HNN extensions. We prove that a finitely presented subdirect product of free and surface groups virtually contains a term of the lower central series of the direct product or else fails to intersect one of the direct summands. This leads to a characterization of the finitely presented subgroups of the direct product of 3 free or surface groups, and to a solution to the conjugacy problem for arbitrary finite…
All crossed products of two cyclic groups are explicitly described using generators and relations. A necessary and sufficient condition for an extension of a group by a group to be a cyclic group is given.
We generalize the graphical small cancellation theory of Gromov to a graphical small cancellation theory over the free product. We extend Gromov's small cancellation theorem to the free product. We explain and generalize Rips-Segev's construction of torsion-free groups without the unique product property by viewing these groups as given by graphical small cancellation presentations over the free product. Our graphical small cancellation theorem then provides first examples of Gromov hyperbolic groups without the unique product property. We construct uncountably many non-isomorphic torsion-free…
We investigate the Reidemeister spectrum of direct products of nilpotent groups. More specifically, we prove that the Reidemeister spectra of the individual factors yield complete information for the Reidemeister spectrum of the direct product if all groups are finitely generated torsion-free nilpotent and have a directly indecomposable rational Malcev completion. We show this by determining the complete automorphism group of the direct product.
A conjecture of Dicks and the author on rank of the intersection of factor-free subgroups in free products of groups is proved for the case of left ordered groups.
We prove vanishing results for Lie groups and algebraic groups (over any local field) in bounded cohomology. The main result is a vanishing below twice the rank for semi-simple groups. Related rigidity results are established for S-arithmetic groups and groups over global fields. We also establish vanishing and cohomological rigidity results for products of general locally compact groups and their lattices.
We analyse the subgroup structure of direct products of groups. Earlier work on this topic has revealed that higher finiteness properties play a crucial role in determining which groups appear as subgroups of direct products of free groups or limit groups. Here, we seek to relate the finiteness properties of a subgroup to the way it is embedded in the ambient product. To this end we formulate a conjecture on finiteness properties of fibre products of groups. We present different approaches to this conjecture, proving a general result on finite generation of homology groups of fibre products an…
A set $B$ is a basis for a vector space $V$ if every element of $V$ can be uniquely written as a linear combination of the elements of $B$. There is a similar definition of a basis for a finite group. We show that certain semidirect products of finite groups---including all semidirect products of finite abelian groups---have bases; any group of order $m$ or $2m$ for odd, cube-free $m$ has a basis; and the quaternions do not have a basis.
We consider the finitely generated groups acting on a regular tree with almost prescribed local action. We show that these groups embed as cocompact irreducible lattices in some locally compact wreath products. This provides examples of finitely generated simple groups quasi-isometric to a wreath product $C \wr F$, where $C$ is a finite group and $F$ a non-abelian free group.
Every semidirect product of groups $K\rtimes H$ has size $\left | K \right | \cdot \left | H\right |$, yet the size of such a group's automorphism group varies with the chosen action of $H$ on $K$. This paper will explore groups of the form $\text{Aut}(K\rtimes H)$, considering especially the case where $H$ and $K$ are cyclic. Only finite groups will be considered.
In a number of recent works, it has been established that many virtually free groups, almost all fundamental groups of surfaces and all groups which are nontrivial free products of groups satisfying a non-trivial law are algebraically closed in any group in which they are verbally closed. In this work we establish that any group which is a non-trivial free product is algebraically closed in any group in which it is verbally closed.
In this note, we show that the satisfiability of equations and inequations with recognisable constraints is decidable in groups that are virtually direct products of finitely many hyperbolic groups.
We propose a general conjecture on decompositions of finite simple groups as products of conjugates of an arbitrary subset. We prove this conjecture for bounded subsets of arbitrary finite simple groups, and for large subsets of groups of Lie type of bounded rank. Some of our arguments apply recent advances in the theory of growth in finite simple groups of Lie type, and provide a variety of new product decompositions of these groups.
It was proved that for any finite set of elements of a free product of residually finite groups such that no two of them belong to conjugate cyclic subgroups and each of them do not belong to a subgroup which is conjugate a to free factor there exists a homomorphism of the free product onto a finite group such that the order of the image of each fixed element is an arbitrary multiple of a constant number.
In this paper we give some conditions in which a direct product of groups is $\mathcal{V}-$capable if and only if each of its factors is $\mathcal{V}-$capable for some varieties $\mathcal{V}$. Moreover, we give some conditions in which a direct product of a finite family of pairs of groups is capable if and only if each of its factors is a capable pair of groups.
We obtain a complete classification of graph products of finite abelian groups whose Cayley graphs with respect to the standard presentations are planar.
For abelian groups $A, B$, $A$ is called $B$-small if the covariant functor $Hom(A,-)$ commutes with all direct sums $B^{(κ)}$ and $A$ is self-small provided it is $A$-small. The paper characterizes self-small products applying developed closure properties of the classes of relatively small groups. As a consequence, self-small products of finitely generated abelian groups are described.
There has been substantial investigation in recent years of subdirect products of limit groups and their finite presentability and homological finiteness properties. To contrast the results obtained for limit groups, Baumslag, Bridson, Holt and Miller investigated subdirect products (fibre products) of finitely presented metabelian groups. They showed that, in contrast to the case for limit groups, such subdirect products could have diverse behaviour with respect to finite presentability. We show that, in a sense that can be made precise, `most' subdirect products of a finite set of finitely p…
All possible products of all elements of an odd order finite group are considered. A set of all such products is called as a K-set. A hypothesis of K-set coincidence of any group of an odd order with its commutant is proposed and the hypothesis validity for groups with a commutant of a simple structure is shown.
Nonuniqueness of semidirect decompositions of groups is an insufficiently studied question in contrast to direct decompositions. We obtain some results about semidirect decompositions for semidirect products with factors which are nontrivial direct products. We deal with a special case of semidirect product when the twisting homomorphism acts diagonally on a direct product, as well as for the case when the extending group is a direct product. We give applications of these results in the case of generalized dihedral groups and classic dihedral groups $D_{2n}$. For $D_{2n}$ we give a complete de…
We develop a theory of semidirect products of partial groups and localities. Our concepts generalize the notions of direct products of partial groups and localities, and of semidirect products of groups.
We show that if $G$ is a group and $G$ has a graph-product decomposition with finitely-generated abelian vertex groups, then $G$ has two canonical decompositions as a graph product of groups: a unique decomposition in which each vertex group is a directly-indecomposable cyclic group, and a unique decomposition in which each vertex group is a finitely-generated abelian group and the graph satisfies the $T_0$ property. Our results build on results by Droms, Laurence and Radcliffe.
