We explore whether a root lattice may be similar to the lattice $\mathscr O$ of integers of a number field $K$ endowed with the inner product $(x, y):={\rm Trace}_{K/\mathbb Q}(x\cdotθ(y))$, where $θ$ is an involution of $K$. We classify all pairs $K$, $θ$ such that $\mathscr O$ is similar to either an even root lattice or the root lattice $\mathbb Z^{[K:\mathbb Q]}$. We also classify all pairs $K$, $θ$ such that $\mathscr O$ is a root lattice. In addition to this, we show that $\mathscr O$ is never similar to a positive-definite even unimodular lattice of rank $\leqslant 48$, in particular, $\mathscr O$ is not similar to the Leech lattice. In appendix, we give a general cyclicity criterion for the primary components of the discriminant group of $\mathscr O$.
We derive a mass formula for n-dimensional unimodular lattices having any prescribed root system. We use Katsurada's formula for the Fourier coefficients of Siegel Eisenstein series to compute these masses for all root systems of even unimodular 32-dimensional lattices and odd unimodular lattices of dimension n < 31. In particular, we find the mass of even unimodular 32-dimensional lattices with no roots, and the mass of odd unimodular lattices with no roots in dimension n < 31, verifying Bacher and Venkov's enumerations in dimensions 27 and 28. We also compute better lower bounds on the numbe…
We consider the following question: Which real sequences (a(n)) that satisfy a linear recurrence with constant coefficients are positive for sufficiently large n? We show that the answer is negative for both (a(n)) and (-a(n)), if the dominating characteristic roots in the representation of a(n) as a generalized power sum comprise either two pairs of conjugate complex roots or one negative real root and one pair of conjugate complex roots. The proof uses results from Diophantine approximation and the geometry of numbers. Concerning the case of a real positive dominating root we show what the a…
We use canonically-twisted modules for a certain super vertex operator algebra to construct the umbral moonshine module for the unique Niemeier lattice that coincides with its root sublattice. In particular, we give explicit expressions for the vector-valued mock modular forms attached to automorphisms of this lattice by umbral moonshine. We also characterize the vector-valued mock modular forms arising, in which four of Ramanujan's fifth order mock theta functions appear as components.
The coordination sequence of a lattice $Ł$ encodes the word-length function with respect to $M$, a set that generates $Ł$ as a monoid. We investigate the coordination sequence of the cyclotomic lattice $Ł= \Z[ζ_m]$, where $ζ_m$ is a primitive $mþ$ root of unity and where $M$ is the set of all $mþ$ roots of unity. We prove several conjectures by Parker regarding the structure of the rational generating function of the coordination sequence; this structure depends on the prime factorization of $m$. Our methods are based on unimodular triangulations of the $mþ$ cyclotomic polytope, the convex hul…
In this article we study a second example of the phenomenon studied in "Complex Lorentzian Leech lattice and bimonster".(Arxiv. math.GR/0508228). The results and methods of proof are similar. We find 14 roots in the automorphism group of the the quaternionic Lorentzian Leech lattice L that form the Coxeter diagram D given by the incidence graph of projective plane over finite field of order 2. We prove that the reflections in these 14 roots generate the automorphism group of L. We find evidence that these reflections behave like the simple roots and the vector fixed by the diagram automorphism…
The distribution of intersections in $\mathrm{SL}(3, \mathbb{Z}) \backslash \mathrm{SL}(3, \mathbb{R})$ and lattices related to roots of cubic congruences
The $E_8$ root lattice can be constructed from the modular curve $X(13)$ by the invariant theory for the simple group $\text{PSL}(2, 13)$. This gives a different construction of the $E_8$ root lattice. It also gives an explicit construction of the modular curve $X(13)$.
For an $n$-dimensional lattice simplex $Δ_{(1,\mathbf{q})}$ with vertices given by the standard basis vectors and $-\mathbf{q}$ where $\mathbf{q}$ has positive entries, we investigate when the Ehrhart $h^*$-polynomial for $Δ_{(1,\mathbf{q})}$ factors as a product of geometric series in powers of $z$. Our motivation is a theorem of Rodriguez-Villegas implying that when the $h^*$-polynomial of a lattice polytope $P$ has all roots on the unit circle, then the Ehrhart polynomial of $P$ has positive coefficients. We focus on those $Δ_{(1,\mathbf{q})}$ for which $\mathbf{q}$ has only two or three di…
We show that an orthogonal root number of a tempered L-parameter decomposes as the product of two other numbers: the orthogonal root number of the principal parameter and the value on a certain involution of Langlands's central character for the parameter. The formula resolves a conjecture of Gross and Reeder and computes root numbers of Weil-Deligne representations arising in the work of Hiraga, Ichino, and Ikeda on the Plancherel measure.
Let $L$ be an even, hyperbolic lattice with infinitely many simple $(-2)$-roots. We call $L$ a Borcherds lattice if it admits an isotropic vector with bounded inner product with all the simple $(-2)$-roots. We show that this is the case if and only if $L$ has zero entropy, or equivalently if and only if all symmetries of $L$ preserve some isotropic vector. We obtain a complete classification of Borcherds lattices, consisting of $194$ lattices. In turn this provides a classification of hyperbolic lattices of rank $\ge 5$ with virtually solvable symmetry group. Finally, we apply these general re…
Let E be a one-parameter family of elliptic curves over Q. We prove that the average root number is zero for a large class of families of elliptic curves of fairly general type. Furthermore, we show that any family E with at least one point of multiplicative reduction over Q(t) has average root number 0, provided that two classical arithmetical conjectures hold for two polynomials constructed explicitly in terms of E. The behaviour of the root number in any family E without multiplicative reduction over Q(t) is shown to be rather regular and non-random; we give expressions for the average root…
We find two combinatorial identities on the theta series of the root lattices of the finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras of type $D_{4n}$ and the cosets in their integral duals, in terms of the well-known Essenstein series $E_4(z)$ and Ramanujan series $\Dlt_{24}(z)$. Using these two identities, we determine the theta series of certain infinite families of postive definite even unimodular lattices obtained by gluing finite copies of the root lattices of the finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras of type $D_{2n}$. It turns out that these theta series are weighted symmetric polynomials of two…
We study the roots of a random polynomial over the field of p-adic numbers. For a random monic polynomial with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}_p$, we obtain an asymptotic formula for the factorial moments of the number of roots of this polynomial. In addition, we show the probability that a random polynomial of degree $n$ has more than $\log n$ roots is $O\big(n^{-K}\big)$ for some $K > 0$.
This paper proves that a family of number field lattice codes simultaneously achieves a constant gap to capacity in Rayleigh fast fading and Gaussian channels. The key property in the proof is the existence of infinite towers of Hilbert class fields with bounded root discriminant. The gap to capacity of the proposed families is determined by the root discriminant. The comparison between the Gaussian and fading case reveals that in Rayleigh fading channels the normalized minimum product distance plays an analogous role to the Hermite invariant in Gaussian channels.
To determine the global root number of an elliptic curve defined over a number field, one needs to understand all the local root numbers. These have been classified except at places above 2, and in this paper we attempt to complete the classification. At places above 2, we express the local root numbers in terms of norm residue symbols (resp. root numbers of explicit 1-dimensional characters) in case when wild inertia acts through a cyclic (resp. quaternionic) quotient.
Let $C/\mathbb{Q}$ be a hyperelliptic curve with an affine model of the form $y^2=x^p+a$. We explicitly determine the root number of the Jacobian of $C$, with particular focus on the local root number at $p$ where $C$ has wild ramification.
We study the roots of a random polynomial over the field of $p$-adic numbers. For a random monic polynomial with i.i.d. coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}_p$, we obtain an estimate for the expected number of roots of this polynomial. In particular, if the coefficients take the values $\pm1$ with equal probability, the expected number of $p$-adic roots converges to $\left(p-1\right)/\left(p+1\right)$ as the degree of the polynomial tends to $\infty$.
In a recent breakthrough, Viazovska and Cohn, Kumar, Miller, Radchenko, Viazovska solved the sphere packing problem in $\mathbb{R}^8$ and $\mathbb{R}^{24}$, respectively, by exhibiting explicit optimal functions, arising from the theory of weakly modular forms, for the Cohn-Elkies linear program in those dimensions. These functions have roots exactly at the lengths of points of the corresponding optimal lattices: $\{\sqrt{2n}\}_{n\geq 1}$ for the $E_8$ lattice, and $\{\sqrt{2n}\}_{n\geq 2}$, for the Leech lattice. The constructions of these optimal functions are in part motivated by the locati…
A Lehmer number modulo a prime $p$ is an integer $a$ with $1 \leq a \leq p-1$ whose inverse $\bar{a}$ within the same range has opposite parity. Lehmer numbers that are also primitive roots have been discussed by Wang and Wang in an endeavour to count the number of ways $1$ can be expressed as the sum of two primitive roots that are also Lehmer numbers (an extension of a question of S. Golomb). In this paper we give an explicit estimate for the number of Lehmer primitive roots modulo $p$ and prove that, for all primes $p \neq 2,3,7$, Lehmer primitive roots exist. We also make explicit the know…
The Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture predicts that the parity of the algebraic rank of an abelian variety over a global field should be controlled by the expected sign of the functional equation of its $L$-function, known as the global root number. In this paper, we give explicit formulae for the local root numbers as a product of Jacobi symbols. This enables one to compute the global root number, generalising work of Rohrlich who studies the case of elliptic curves. We provide similar formulae for the root numbers after twisting the abelian variety by a self-dual Artin representation. As …
Using the simple properties of Riemman integrable functions, Ramanujan's formula for sum of the square roots of first n natural numbers has been generalized to include r'th roots where r is any real number greater than 1.As an application we derive formula that gives factorial of positive integer $n$ similar to Stirling's formula.
In this paper, we show that an action on the set of elliptic curves with j= 1728 preserves a certain kind of symmetry on the local root number of Hecke characters attached to such elliptic curves. As a consequence, we give results on the distribution of the root numbers and their average of the aforementioned Hecke characters.
We consider the problem of finding $1$-parameter families of elliptic curves whose root number does not average to zero as the parameter varies in $\mathbb{Z}$. We classify all such families when the degree of the coefficients (in the parameter $t$) is less than or equal to $2$ and we compute the rank over $\mathbb{Q}(t)$ of all these families. Also, we compute explicitly the average of the root numbers for some of these families highlighting some special cases. Finally, we prove some results on the possible values average root numbers can take, showing for example that all rational number in …
We answer a challenge posed in (Math. Ann. 363 (2015), no. 1-2, 423-454) by proving a version of Weil's converse theorem that assumes a functional equation for character twists but allows their root numbers to vary arbitrarily.
A fundamental problem in the theory of linearized and projective polynomials over finite fields is to characterize the number of roots in the coefficient field directly from the coefficients. We prove results of this type, of a recursive nature. These results follow from our main theorem which characterizes the number of roots using the rank of a matrix that is smaller than the Dickson matrix.
We give an explicit description of the behaviour of the root number in the family given by twists of an elliptic curve $E$ by the rational values of a polynomial $f(T)$. In particular, we give a criterion (on $f$ depending on $E$) for the family to have a constant root number over $\mathbb{Q}$. This completes a work of Rohrlich: we detail the behaviour of the root number when $E$ has bad reduction over $\mathbb{Q}^{ab}$ and we treat the cases $j(E)=0,1728$ which were not considered previously.
In a previous article, the author proves that the value of the root number varies in a non-isotrivial family of elliptic curves indexed by one parameter $t$ running through $\mathbb{Q}$. However, a well-known example of Washington has root number $-1$ for every fiber when $t$ runs through $\mathbb{Z}$. Such examples are rare since, as proven in this paper, the root number of the integer fibers varies for a large class of families of elliptic curves. Our results depends on the squarefree conjecture and Chowla's conjecture, and are unconditional in many cases.
Given two elliptic curves $E_1$ and $E_2$ defined over the field of rational numbers, $\mathbb{Q}$, with good reduction at an odd prime $p$ and equivalent mod $p$ Galois representation, we compare the $p$-Selmer rank, global and local root numbers of $E_1$ and $E_2$ over number fields.
Lattices and Z-modules in Euclidean space possess an infinitude of subsets that are images of the original set under similarity transformation. We classify such self-similar images according to their indices for certain 4D examples that are related to 4D root systems, both crystallographic and non-crystallographic. We encapsulate their statistics in terms of Dirichlet series generating functions and derive some of their asymptotic properties.
