{\em Quantum Fourier analysis} is a new subject that combines an algebraic Fourier transform (pictorial in the case of subfactor theory) with analytic estimates. This provides interesting tools to investigate phenomena such as quantum symmetry. We establish bounds on the quantum Fourier transform $\FS$, as a map between suitably defined $L^{p}$ spaces, leading to a new uncertainty principle for relative entropy. We cite several applications of the quantum Fourier analysis in subfactor theory, in category theory, and in quantum information. We suggest a new topological inequality, and we outline several open problems.
Discrete subfactors include a particular class of infinite index subfactors and all finite index ones. A discrete subfactor is called local when it is braided and it fulfills a commutativity condition motivated by the study of inclusion of Quantum Field Theories in the algebraic Haag-Kastler setting. In [BDG21], we proved that every irreducible local discrete subfactor arises as the fixed point subfactor under the action of a canonical compact hypergroup. In this work, we prove a Galois correspondence between intermediate von Neumann algebras and closed subhypergroups, and we study the subfact…
We introduce block maps for subfactors and study their dynamic systems. We prove that the limit points of the dynamic system are positive multiples of biprojections and zero. For the Z2 case, the asymptotic phenomenon of the block map coincides with that of that 2D Ising model. The study of block maps requires a further development of the recent work of the authors on the Fourier analysis of subfactors. We generalize the notion of sum set estimates in additive combinatorics for subfactors and prove the exact inverse sum set theorem. Using this new method, we characterize the extremal pairs of …
We give a precise definition for when a subfactor arises from a conformal net which can be motivated by classification of defects. We show that a subfactor $N \subset M$ arises from a conformal net if there is a conformal net whose representation category is the quantum double of $N\subset M$.
It is well-known that the quantum double $D(N\subset M)$ of a finite depth subfactor $N\subset M$, or equivalently the Drinfeld center of the even part fusion category, is a unitary modular tensor category. Thus should arise in conformal field theory. We show that for every subfactor $N\subset M$ with index $[M:N]<4$ the quantum double $D(N\subset M)$ is realized as the representation category of a completely rational conformal net. In particular, the quantum double of $E_6$ can be realized as a $\mathbb Z_2$-simple current extension of $\mathrm{SU}(2)_{10}\times \mathrm{Spin}(11)_1$ and thus …
In this paper, we calculate the norm of the string Fourier transform on subfactor planar algebras and characterize the extremizers of the inequalities for parameters $0<p,q\leq \infty$. Furthermore, we establish Rényi entropic uncertainty principles for subfactor planar algebras.
We construct the quantum s-tuple subfactors for an AFD II_1 subfactor with finite index and depth, for an arbitrary natural number s. This is a generalization of the quantum multiple subfactors by J.Erlijman and H.Wenzl, which generalizes the quantum double construction of a subfactor for the case that the original subfactor gives rise to a braided tensor category. In this paper we give a multiple construction for a subfactor with a weaker condition than braidedness of the bimodule system.
We study (dual) Longo-Rehren subfactors $M\otimes M^{opp} \subset R$ arising from various systems of endomorphisms of M obtained from alpha-induction for some braided subfactor $N\subset M$. Our analysis provides useful tools to determine the systems of R-R morphisms associated with such Longo-Rehren subfactors, which constitute the ``quantum double'' systems in an appropriate sense. The key to our analysis is that alpha-induction produces half-braidings in the sense of Izumi, so that his general theory can be applied. Nevertheless, alpha-induced systems are in general not braided, and thus ou…
We define generalised notions of biunitary elements in planar algebras and show that objects arising in quantum information theory such as Hadamard matrices, quantum latin squares and unitary error bases are all given by biunitary elements in the spin planar algebra. We show that there are natural subfactor planar algebras associated with biunitary elements.
A. Ocneanu has observed that a mysterious orbifold phenomenon occurs in the system of the M_infinity-M_infinity bimodules of the asymptotic inclusion, a subfactor analogue of the quantum double, of the Jones subfactor of type A_2n+1. We show that this is a general phenomenon and identify some of his orbifolds with the ones in our sense as subfactors given as simultaneous fixed point algebras by working on the Hecke algebra subfactors of type A of Wenzl. That is, we work on their asymptotic inclusions and show that the M_infinity-M_infinity bimodules are described by certain orbifolds (with gho…
Subfactor standard invariants encode quantum symmetries. The small index subfactor classification program has been a rich source of interesting quantum symmetries. We give the complete classification of subfactor standard invariants to index $5\frac{1}{4}$, which includes $3+\sqrt{5}$, the first interesting composite index.
Conformal inclusions of chiral conformal field theories, or more generally inclusions of quantum field theories, are described in the von Neumann algebraic setting by nets of subfactors, possibly with infinite Jones index if one takes non-rational theories into account. With this situation in mind, we study in a purely subfactor theoretical context a certain class of braided discrete subfactors with an additional commutativity constraint, that we call locality, and which corresponds to the commutation relations between field operators at space-like distance in quantum field theory. Examples of…
For a finite-index $\mathrm{II}_1$ subfactor $N \subset M$, we prove the existence of a universal Hopf $\ast$-algebra (or, a discrete quantum group in the analytic language) acting on $M$ in a trace-preserving fashion and fixing $N$ pointwise. We call this Hopf $\ast$-algebra the quantum Galois group for the subfactor and compute it in some examples of interest, notably for arbitrary irreducible finite-index depth-two subfactors. Along the way, we prove the existence of universal acting Hopf algebras for more general structures (tensors in enriched categories), in the spirit of recent work by …
Kazhdan's property (T) has been studied for several discrete group-like structures, including standard invariants of Jones' subfactors and discrete quantum groups. We prove a Zuk-type spectral gap criterion for property (T) in this setting. This allows us to construct a family of property (T) discrete quantum groups, as well as subfactor standard invariants, given by generators and a triangle presentation. These are the first examples of property (T) discrete quantum groups that are not directly related to a discrete group with property (T).
We associate Popa systems (= standard invariants of subfactors) to the finite dimensional representations of compact quantum groups. We characterise the systems arising in this way: these are the ones which can be ``represented'' on finite dimensional Hilbert spaces. This is proved by an universal construction. We explicitely compute (in terms of some free products) the operation of going from representations of compact quantum groups to Popa systems and then back via the universal construction. We prove a Kesten type result for the co-amenability of compact quantum groups, which allows us to …
In this paper, we introduce Frobenius von Neumann algebras and study quantum convolution inequalities. In this framework, we unify quantum Young's inequality on quantum symmetries such as subfactors, and fusion bi-algebras studied in quantum Fourier analysis. Moreover, we prove quantum entropic convolution inequalities and characterize the extremizers in the subfactor case. We also prove quantum smooth entropic convolution inequalities. We obtain the positivity of comultiplications of subfactor planar algebras, which is stronger than the quantum Schur product theorem. All these inequalities pr…
We answer three related questions concerning the Haagerup subfactor and its even parts, the Haagerup fusion categories. Namely we find all simple module categories over each of the Haagerup fusion categories (in other words, we find the `"quantum subgroups" in the sense of Ocneanu), we find all subfactors whose principal even part is one of the Haagerup fusion categories, and we compute the Brauer-Picard groupoid of Morita equivalences of the Haagerup fusion categories. In addition to the two even parts of the Haagerup subfactor, there is exactly one more fusion category which is Morita equiva…
Given a finite-index and finite-depth subfactor, we define the notion of \textit{quantum double inclusion} - a certain unital inclusion of von Neumann algebras constructed from the given subfactor - which is closely related to that of Ocneanu's asymptotic inclusion. We show that the quantum double inclusion when applied to the Kac algebra subfactor $R^H \subset R$ produces Drinfeld double of $H$ where $H$ is a finite-dimensional Kac algebra acting outerly on the hyperfinite $II_1$ factor $R$ and $R^H$ denotes the fixed-point subalgebra. More precisely, quantum double inclusion of $R^H \subset …
By a construction of Vaughan Jones, the bipartite graph $Γ(A)$ associated with the natural inclusion of $\mathbb C$ inside a finite-dimensional $C^*$-algebra $A$ gives rise to a planar algebra $\mathcal P^{Γ(A)}$. We prove that every subfactor planar subalgebra of $\mathcal P^{Γ(A)}$ is the fixed point planar algebra of a uniquely determined action of a compact quantum group $\mathbb G$ on $A$. We use this result to introduce a conceptual framework for the free wreath product operation on compact quantum groups in the language of planar algebras/standard invariants of subfactors. Our approach …
A subfactor is an inclusion $N \subset M$ of von Neumann algebras with trivial centers. The simplest example comes from the fixed points of a group action $M^G \subset M$, and subfactors can be thought of as fixed points of more general group-like algebraic structures. These algebraic structures are closely related to tensor categories and have played important roles in knot theory, quantum groups, statistical mechanics, and topological quantum field theory. There's a measure of size of a subfactor, called the index. Remarkably the values of the index below 4 are quantized, which suggests that…
We construct inclusions of the form $(B_0\otimes P)^G\subset (B_1\otimes P)^G$, where $G$ is a compact quantum group of Kac type acting on an inclusion of finite dimensional $\c^*$-algebras $B_0\subset B_1$ and on a $II_1$ factor $P$. Under suitable assumptions on the actions of $G$, this is a subfactor, whose Jones to er and standard invariant can be computed by using techniques of A. Wassermann. The subfactors associated to subgroups of compact groups, to projective representations of compact groups, to finite quantum groups, to finitely generated discrete groups, to vertex models and to spi…
In this paper, we establish the general theory of (2+1)-dimensional topological quantum field theory (in short, TQFT) with a Verlinde basis. It is a consequence that we have a Dehn surgery formula for 3-manifold invariants for this kind of TQFT's. We will show that Turaev-Viro-Ocneanu unitary TQFT's obtained from subfactors satisfy the axioms of TQFT's with Verlinde bases. Hence, in a Turaev-Viro-Ocneanu TQFT, we have a Dehn surgery formula for 3-manifolds. It turns out that this Dehn surgery formula is nothing but the formula of the Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant constructed from a tube system,…
In \cite{Sde2018} we defined the notion of \textit{quantum double inclusion} associated to a finite-index and finite-depth subfactor and studied the quantum double inclusion associated to the Kac algebra subfactor $R^H \subset R$ where $H$ is a finite-dimensional Kac algebra acting outerly on the hyperfinite $II_1$ factor $R$ and $R^H$ denotes the fixed-point subalgebra. In this article we analyse quantum double inclusions associated to the family of Kac algebra subfactors given by $\{ R^H \subset R \rtimes \underbrace{H \rtimes H^* \rtimes \cdots}_{\text{$m$ times}} : m \geq 1 \}$. For each $…
We are concerned with the center (=quantum double) of tensor categories and prove generalizations of several results proven previously for quantum doubles of Hopf algebras. We consider F-linear tensor categories C with simple unit and finitely many isomorphism classes of simple objects. We assume that C is either a *-category (i.e. there is a positive *-operation on the morphisms) or semisimple and spherical over an algebraically closed field F. In the latter case we assume that dim C=sum_i d(X_i)^2 is non-zero, where the summation runs over the isomorphism classes of simple objects. We prove:…
We establish a Galois correspondence for finite quantum groupoid actions on II_1 factors and show that every finite index and finite depth subfactor is an intermediate subalgebra of a quantum groupoid crossed product. Moreover, any such a subfactor is completely and canonically determined by a quantum groupoid and its coideal *-subalgebra. This allows to express the bimodule category of a subfactor in terms of the representation category of a corresponding quantum groupoid and the principal graph as the Bratteli diagram of an inclusion of certain C^*-algebras related to it.
To a proper inclusion N\subset M of II_1 factors of finite Jones index [M:N], we associate an ergodic C*-action of the quantum group S_μU(2). The deformation parameter is determined by -1<μ<0 and [M:N]=|μ+μ^{-1}|. The higher relative commutants can be identified with the spectral spaces of the tensor powers of the defining representation of the quantum group. This ergodic action may be thought of as a virtual subgroup of S_μU(2) in the sense of Mackey arising from the tensor category generated by M regarded as a bimodule over N. μis negative as M is a real bimodule.
In this article, we will prove that the subsectors of $α$-induced sectors for $M \rtimes \hat{G} \supset M$ forms a modular category, where $M \rtimes \hat{G}$ is the crossed product of $M$ by the group dual $\hat{G}$ of a finite group $G$. In fact, we will prove that it is equivalent to Müger's crossed product. By using this identification, we will exhibit an orbifold aspect of the quantum double of $Δ$(not necessarily non-degenerate) obtained from a Longo-Rehren inclusion $A \supset B_Δ$ under certain assumptions. We will apply the above description of the quantum double of $Δ$ to the Reshet…
The quantum double of the Haagerup subfactor, the first irreducible finite depth subfactor with index above 4, is the most obvious candidate for exotic modular data. We show that its modular data DHg fits into a family $D^ωHg_{2n+1}$, where $n\ge 0$ and $ω\in \bbZ_{2n+1}$. We show $D^0 Hg_{2n+1}$ is related to the subfactors Izumi hypothetically associates to the cyclic groups $Z_{2n+1}$. Their modular data comes equipped with canonical and dual canonical modular invariants; we compute the corresponding alpha-inductions etc. In addition, we show there are (respectively) 1, 2, 0 subfactors of I…
The notion of Fourier transform is among the more important tools in analysis, which has been generalized in abstract harmonic analysis to the level of abelian locally compact groups. The aim of this paper is to further generalize the Fourier transform: Motivated by some recent works by Van Daele in the multiplier Hopf algebra framework, and by using the Haar weights, we define here the (generalized) Fourier transform and the inverse Fourier transform, at the level of locally compact quantum groups. We will then consider the analogues of the Fourier inversion theorem, Plancherel theorem, and t…
Using interpolation properties of non-commutative L^p-spaces associated with an arbitrary von Neumann algebra, we define a L^p-Fourier transform 1 <= p <= 2 on locally compact quantum groups. We show that the Fourier transform determines a distinguished choice for the interpolation parameter as introduced by Izumi. We define a convolution product in the L^p-setting and show that the Fourier transform turns the convolution product into a product.
Helgason showed that a given measure $f\in M(G)$ on a compact group $G$ should be in $L^2(G)$ automatically if all random Fourier series of $f$ are in $M(G)$. We explore a natural analogue of the theorem in the framework of compact quantum groups and apply the obtained results to study complete representability problem for convolution algebras of compact quantum groups as an operator algebra.
In this paper we study weighted versions of Fourier algebras of compact quantum groups. We focus on the spectral aspects of these Banach algebras in two different ways. We first investigate their Gelfand spectrum, which shows a connection to the maximal classical closed subgroup and its complexification. Secondly, we study specific finite dimensional representations coming from the complexification of the underlying quantum group. We demonstrate that the weighted Fourier algebras can detect the complexification structure in the special case of $SU_q(2)$, whose complexification is the quantum L…
This paper concerns the study of regular Fourier hypergroups through multipliers of their associated Fourier algebras. We establish hypergroup analogues of well-known characterizations of group amenability, introduce a notion of weak amenability for hypergroups, and show that every discrete commutative hypergroup is weakly amenable with constant 1. Using similar techniques, we provide a sufficient condition for amenability of hypergroup Fourier algebras, which, as an immediate application, answers one direction of a conjecture of Azimifard--Samei--Spronk [J. Funct. Anal. 256(5) 1544-1564, 2009…
