We consider semiclassical self-adjoint operators whose symbol, defined on a two-dimensional symplectic manifold, reaches a non-degenerate minimum $b_0$ on a closed curve. We derive a classical and quantum normal form which allows us, in addition to the complete integrability of the system, to obtain eigenvalue asymptotics in a window $(-\infty,b_0+ε]$ for $ε> 0$ independent on the semiclassical parameter. These asymptotics are obtained in two complementary settings: either a symmetry of the system under translation along the curve, or a Morse hypothesis reminiscent of Helffer-Sjöstrand's "miniwell" situation.
Under certain assumptions we derive a complete semiclassical asymptotics of the spectral function $e_{h,\varepsilon}(x,x,λ)$ for a scalar operator \begin{equation*} A_\varepsilon (x,hD)= A^0(hD) + \varepsilon B(x,hD), \end{equation*} where $A^0$ is an elliptic operator and $B(x,hD)$ is a periodic or almost periodic perturbation. In particular, a complete semiclassical asymptotics of the integrated density of states also holds. Further, we consider generalizations.
For an operator $A:= A_h= A^0(hD) + V(x,hD)$ with a "potential" $V$ decaying as $|x|\to \infty$ we establish under certain assumptions the complete and differentiable with respect to $τ$ asymptotics of $e_h(x,x,τ)$ where $e_h(x,y,τ)$ is the Schwartz kernel of the spectral projector.
We prove uniform $L^p$ resolvent estimates for the stationary damped wave operator. The uniform $L^p$ resolvent estimates for the Laplace operator on a compact smooth Riemannian manifold without boundary were first established by Dos Santos Ferreira-Kenig-Salo and advanced further by Bourgain-Shao-Sogge-Yao. Here we provide an alternative proof relying on the techniques of semiclassical Strichartz estimates. This approach allows us also to handle non-self-adjoint perturbations of the Laplacian and embeds very naturally in the semiclassical spectral analysis framework.
Consider the semiclassical limit, as the Planck constant $\hbar\ri 0$, of bound states of a quantum particle in a one-dimensional potential well. We justify the semiclassical asymptotics of eigenfunctions and recover the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition.
Let $M$ be a compact Riemannian manifold with smooth boundary, and let $R(λ)$ be the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator at frequency $λ$. We obtain a leading asymptotic for the spectral counting function for $λ^{-1}R(λ)$ in an interval $[a_1, a_2)$ as $λ\to \infty$, under the assumption that the measure of periodic billiards on $T^*M$ is zero. The asymptotic takes the form \begin{equation*} N(λ; a_1,a_2) = \bigl(κ(a_2)-κ(a_1)\bigr)\mathsf{vol}'(\partial M) λ^{d-1}+o(λ^{d-1}), \end{equation*} where $κ(a)$ is given explicitly by \begin{equation*} κ(a) = \frac{ω_{d-1}}{(2π)^{d-1}} \biggl( -\frac{1}{2π…
We discuss semiclassical asymptotics for the eigenvalues of the Witten Laplacian for compact manifolds with boundary in the presence of a general Riemannian metric. To this end, we modify and use the variational method suggested by Kordyukov, Mathai and Shubin (2005), with a more extended use of quadratic forms instead of the operators. We also utilize some important ideas and technical elements from Helffer and Nier (2006), who were the first to supply a complete proof of the full semi-classical asymptotic expansions for the eigenvalues with fixed numbers.
We provide a proof of the conjecture formulated in \cite{Jak97,JNT01} which states that on a $n$-dimensional flat torus $\T^{n}$, the Fourier transform of squares of the eigenfunctions $|ϕ_λ|^2$ of the Laplacian have uniform $l^n$ bounds that do not depend on the eigenvalue $λ$. The proof is a generalization of the argument by Jakobson, {\it et al}. for the lower dimensional cases. These results imply uniform bounds for semiclassical limits on $\TT^{n+2}$. We also prove a geometric lemma that bounds the number of codimension-one simplices which satisfy a certain restriction on an $n$-dimension…
We consider a magnetic Schrödinger operator $H^h$, depending on the semiclassical parameter $h>0$, on a two-dimensional Riemannian manifold. We assume that there is no electric field. We suppose that the minimal value $b_0$ of the magnetic field $b$ is strictly positive, and there exists a unique minimum point of $b$, which is non-degenerate. The main result of the paper is a complete asymptotic expansion for the low-lying eigenvalues of the operator $H^h$ in the semiclassical limit. We also apply these results to prove the existence of an arbitrary large number of spectral gaps in the semicla…
We consider nonselfadjoint perturbations of semiclassical harmonic oscillators. Under appropriate dynamical assumptions, we establish some spectral estimates such as upper bounds on the resolvent near the real axis when no geometric control condition is satisfied.
We continue our study of a magnetic Schrödinger operator on a two-dimensional compact Riemannian manifold in the case when the minimal value of the module of the magnetic field is strictly positive. We analyze the case when the magnetic field has degenerate magnetic wells. The main result of the paper is an asymptotics of the groundstate energy of the operator in the semiclassical limit. The upper bounds are improved in the case when we have a localization by a miniwell effect of lowest order. These results are applied to prove the existence of an arbitrary large number of spectral gaps in the…
Our goal is to find asymptotic formulas for orthonormal polynomials $P_{n}(z)$ with the recurrence coefficients slowly stabilizing as $n\to\infty$. To that end, we develop spectral theory of Jacobi operators with long-range coefficients and study the corresponding second order difference equation. We suggest an Ansatz for its solutions playing the role of the semiclassical Green-Liouville Ansatz for solutions of the Schrödinger equation. The formulas obtained for $P_{n}(z)$ as $n\to\infty$ generalize the classical Bernstein-Szegö asymptotic formulas.
This article deals with the spectral analysis of the semiclassical Neumann magnetic Laplacian on a smooth bounded domain in dimension three. When the magnetic field is constant and in the semiclassical limit, we establish a four-term asymptotic expansion of the low-lying eigenvalues, involving a geometric quantity along the apparent contour of the domain in the direction of the field. In particular, we prove that they are simple.
We consider a magnetic Schrödinger operator $H^h$, depending on a semiclassical parameter $h>0$, on a compact Riemannian manifold. We assume that there is no electric field. We suppose that the minimal value $b_0$ of the intensity of the magnetic field $b$ is strictly positive. We give a survey of the results on asymptotic behavior of the eigenvalues of the operator $H^h$ in the semiclassical limit.
We consider the Bochner Laplacian on high tensor powers of a positive line bundle on a closed symplectic manifold (or, equivalently, the semiclassical magnetic Schrödinger operator with the non-degenerate magnetic field). We assume that the operator has discrete wells. The main result of the paper states asymptotic expansions for its low-lying eigenvalues.
This paper establishes an aspect of Bohr's correspondence principle, i.e. that quantum mechanics converges in the high frequency limit to classical mechanics, for commuting semiclassical unitary operators. We prove, under minimal assumptions, that the semiclassical limit of the convex hulls of the quantum spectrum of a collection of commuting semiclassical unitary operators converges to the convex hull of the classical spectrum of the principal symbols of the operators.
In this paper, we study an L2 version of the semiclassical approximation of magnetic Schroedinger operators with invariant Morse type potentials on covering spaces of compact manifolds. In particular, we are able to establish the existence of an arbitrary large number of gaps in the spectrum of these operators, in the semiclassical limit as the coupling constant goes to zero.
Let $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ be bounded with $C^1$ boundary. In this paper we consider Schrödinger operators $-Δ+ W$ on $Ω$ with $W(x)\approx\mathrm{dist}(x, \partialΩ)^{-2}$ as $\mathrm{dist}(x, \partialΩ)\to 0$. Under weak assumptions on $W$ we derive a two-term asymptotic formula for the sum of the eigenvalues of such operators.
The goal of this paper is manyfold. Firstly, we want to give a short introduction to the Bochner Laplacian and explain why it acts locally as a magnetic Laplacian. Secondly, given a confining magnetic field, we use Agmon-like estimates to reduce its spectral study to magnetic Laplacians, in the semiclassical limit. Finally, we use this to translate already-known spectral asymptotics for the magnetic Laplacian to the Bochner Laplacian.
We show that, under some very weak assumption of effective variation for the magnetic field, a periodic Schrödinger operator with magnetic wells on a noncompact Riemannian manifold $M$ such that $H^1(M, \R)=0$ equipped with a properly disconnected, cocompact action of a finitely generated, discrete group of isometries has an arbitrarily large number of spectral gaps in the semi-classical limit.
We consider the fractional Laplacian on a domain and investigate the asymptotic behavior of its eigenvalues. Extending methods from semi-classical analysis we are able to prove a two-term formula for the sum of eigenvalues with the leading (Weyl) term given by the volume and the subleading term by the surface area. Our result is valid under very weak assumptions on the regularity of the boundary.
We obtain sharp uniform bounds on the low lying eigenfunctions for a class of semiclassical pseudodifferential operators with double characteristics and complex valued symbols, under the assumption that the quadratic approximations along the double characteristics are elliptic.
We consider differential operators defined as Friedrichs extensions of quadratic forms with non-smooth coefficients. We prove a two term optimal asymptotic for the Riesz means of these operators and thereby also reprove an optimal Weyl law under certain regularity conditions. The methods used are then extended to consider more general admissible operators perturbed by a rough differential operator and obtaining optimal spectral asymptotics again under certain regularity conditions. For the Weyl law we assume the coefficients are differentiable with Hölder continuous derivatives and for the Rie…
We revisit the problem of semiclassical spectral asymptotics for a pure magnetic Schrödinger operator on a two-dimensional Riemannian manifold. We suppose that the minimal value $b_0$ of the intensity of the magnetic field is strictly positive, and the corresponding minimum is unique and non-degenerate. The purpose is to get the control on the spectrum in an interval $(hb_0, h(b_0 +γ_0)]$ for some $γ_0>0$ independent of the semiclassical parameter $h$. The previous papers by Helffer-Mohamed and by Helffer-Kordyukov were only treating the ground-state energy or a finite (independent of $h$) num…
We compute resonance width asymptotics for the delta potential on the half-line, by deriving a formula for resonances in terms of the Lambert W function and applying a series expansion. This potential is a simple model of a thin barrier, motivated by physical problems such as quantum corrals and leaky quantum graphs.
This article gives a simple treatment of the quantum Birkhoff normal form for semiclassical pseudo-differential operators with smooth coefficients. The normal form is applied to describe the discrete spectrum in a generalised non-degenerate potential well, yielding uniform estimates in the energy $E$. This permits a detailed study of the spectrum in various asymptotic regions of the parameters $(E,\h)$, and gives improvements and new proofs for many of the results in the field. In the completely resonant case we show that the pseudo-differential operator can be reduced to a Toeplitz operator o…
In this article we study the semiclassical spectral measures associated with Schrödinger operators on $R^n$. In particular we compute the first few coefficients of the asymptotic expansions of these measures and, as an application, give an alternative proof of Colin de Verdiere's result on recovering one dimensional potential wells from semiclassical spectral data. We also study the relation of semiclassical spectra measures to Birkhoff normal forms and describe a generalization of the asymptotic expansion above to the Schrödinger operator in the presence of a magnetic field.
We introduce a minimalistic notion of semiclassical quantization and use it to prove that the convex hull of the semiclassical spectrum of a quantum system given by a collection of commuting operators converges to the convex hull of the spectrum of the associated classical system. This gives a quick alternative solution to the isospectrality problem for quantum toric systems. If the operators are uniformly bounded, the convergence is uniform. Analogous results hold for non-commuting operators.
The Bochner-Schrödinger operator $H_{p}=\frac 1pΔ^{L^p\otimes E}+V$ on tensor powers $L^p$ of a Hermitian line bundle $L$ twisted by a Hermitian vector bundle $E$ on a Riemannian manifold of bounded geometry is studied. For any function $φ\in \mathcal S(\mathbb R)$, we consider the bounded linear operator $φ(H_p)$ in $L^2(X,L^p\otimes E)$ defined by the spectral theorem and describe an asymptotic expansion of its smooth Schwartz kernel in a fixed neighborhood of the diagonal in the semiclassical limit $p\to \infty$. In particular, we prove that the trace of the operator $φ(H_p)$ admits a compl…
For a class of non-selfadjoint semiclassical operators in dimension one, we get a complete asymptotic description of all eigenvalues near a critical value of the leading symbol of the operator on the boundary of the pseudospectrum.
This paper is concerned with the asymptotics of resonances in the semiclassical limit $h\to 0^+$ for $2\times 2$ matrix Schrödinger operators in one dimension. We study the case where the two underlying classical Hamiltonian trajectories cross tangentially in the phase space. In the setting that one of the classical trajectories is a simple closed curve whereas the other one is non-trapping, we show that the imaginary part of the resonances is of order $h^{(m_0+3)/(m_0+1)}$, where $m_0$ is the maximal contact order of the crossings. This principal order comes from the subprincipal terms of the…
We give a survey of some results, mainly obtained by the authors and their collaborators, on spectral properties of the magnetic Schrödinger operators in the semiclassical limit. We focus our discussion on asymptotic behavior of the individual eigenvalues for operators on closed manifolds and existence of gaps in intervals close to the bottom of the spectrum of periodic operators.
Semiclassical asymptotics of the Bloch--Torrey operator in two dimensions
Czech Technical University in Prague（布拉格捷克理工大学）；Univ Angers, CNRS, LAREMA, Institut Universitaire de France, SFR MATHSTIC（昂热大学，法国国家科学研究中心，LAREMA，法国高等研究院，MATHSTIC科研联合基金）
We consider a compact Riemannian manifold with a Hermitian line bundle whose curvature is non-degenerate. The Laplacian acting on high tensor powers (the semiclassical regime) of the bundle exhibits a cluster of low-energy states. We demonstrate that the orthogonal projectors onto these states are the Fourier components of an operator with the structure of the Szegö projector, i.e. a Fourier integral operator of Hermite type. This result yields semiclassical asymptotics for the low-energy eigenstates.
We consider second order differential equations with real coefficients that are in the limit circle case at infinity. Using the semiclassical Ansatz, we construct solutions (the Jost solutions) of such equations with a prescribed asymptotic behavior for $x\to\infty$. It turns out that in the limit circle case, this Ansatz can be chosen common for all values of the spectral parameter $z$. This leads to asymptotic formulas for all solutions of considered differential equations, both homogeneous and non-homogeneous. We also efficiently describe all self-adjoint realizations of the corresponding d…
We consider Toeplitz operators associated with the renormalized Bochner-Laplacian on high tensor powers of a positive line bundle on a compact symplectic manifold. We study the asymptotic behavior, in the semiclassical limit, of low-lying eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of a self-adjoint Toeplitz operator under assumption that its principal symbol has a non-degenerate minimum with discrete wells. As an application, we prove upper bounds for low-lying eigenvalues of the Bochner-Laplacian in the semiclassical limit.
In this paper we construct a Birkhoff normal form for a semiclassical magnetic Schr{ö}dinger operator with non-degenerate magnetic field, and discrete magnetic well, defined on an even dimensional riemannian manifold M. We use this normal form to get an expansion of the first eigenvalues in powers of h^{1/2}, and semiclassical Weyl asymptotics for this operator.
We study the Bochner-Schrödinger operator $H_{p}=\frac 1pΔ^{L^p\otimes E}+V$ on high tensor powers of a positive line bundle $L$ on a symplectic manifold of bounded geometry. First, we give a rough asymptotic description of its spectrum in terms of the spectra of the model operators. This allows us to prove the existence of gaps in the spectrum under some conditions on the curvature of the line bundle. Then we consider the spectral projection of such an operator corresponding to an interval whose extreme points are not in the spectrum and study asymptotic behavior of its kernel. First, we esta…
This paper is devoted to the semiclassical analysis of the spectrum of the Dirichlet-Pauli operator on an annulus. We assume that the magnetic field is strictly positive and radial. We give an explicit asymptotic expansion at the first order of the lowest eigenvalues of this operator in the semiclassical limit. In particular, we exhibit the Aharonov-Bohm effect that has been revealed, for constant magnetic field, in a recent paper by Helffer and Sundqvist.
This paper is devoted to semiclassical estimates of the eigenvalues of the Pauli operator on a bounded open set whose boundary carries Dirichlet conditions. Assuming that the magnetic field is positive and a few generic conditions, we establish the simplicity of the eigenvalues and provide accurate asymptotic estimates involving Segal-Bargmann and Hardy spaces associated with the magnetic field.
We study a semiclassical random walk with respect to a probability measure with a finite number n_0 of wells. We show that the associated operator has exactly n_0 exponentially close to 1 eigenvalues (in the semiclassical sense), and that the other are O(h) away from 1. We also give an asymptotic of these small eigenvalues. The key ingredient in our approach is a general factorization result of pseudodifferential operators, which allows us to use recent results on the Witten Laplacian.
