We report some preliminary results of our ongoing non-perturbative computation of the twisted 't Hooft running coupling in a particular set-up, using the gradient flow to define the coupling and step scaling techniques to compute it. For the computation we considered a pure gauge SU(3) theory in four dimensions, defined on the lattice on an asymmetrical torus endowed with twisted boundary conditions in a single plane, and related the energy scale of the coupling to an effective size combining the size of the torus and the rank of the gauge group. Additionally, we explore some of the effects of the freezing of the topology on the computation of the coupling.
We measure the running of the twisted gradient flow coupling in the Twisted Eguchi-Kawai (TEK) model, the SU(N) gauge theory on a single site lattice with twisted boundary conditions in the large N limit.
We measure the running of the $SU(\infty)$ 't Hooft coupling by performing a step scaling analysis of the Twisted Eguchi-Kawai (TEK) model, the SU($N$) gauge theory on a single site lattice with twisted boundary conditions. The computation relies on the conjecture that finite volume effects for SU(N) gauge theories defined on a 4-dimensional twisted torus are controlled by an effective size parameter $\tilde l = l \sqrt{N}$, with $l$ the torus period. We set the scale for the running coupling in terms of $\tilde l$ and use the gradient flow to define a renormalized 't Hooft coupling $λ(\tilde …
We compute the perturbative expression of Wilson loops up to order $g^4$ for SU($N$) lattice gauge theories with Wilson action on a finite box with twisted boundary conditions. Our formulas are valid for any dimension and any irreducible twist. They contain as a special case that of the 4-dimensional Twisted Eguchi-Kawai model for a symmetric twist with flux $k$. Our results allow us to analyze the finite volume corrections as a function of the flux. In particular, one can quantify the approach to volume independence at large $N$ as a function of flux $k$. The contribution of fermion fields in…
We propose a definition of the running coupling constant in a SU(2) lattice gauge theory with twisted boundary conditions. It is based on the correlation of Polyakov loops extended in a twisted direction at a distance which is a fixed fraction of the totale lattice size. We make the perturbative calculation which connects this definition to standard regularization schemes. We find Lambda_Twisted-Polyakov/Lambda_MSbar = 1.6136(2).
We report on an ongoing study of the running coupling of SU(N) pure Yang-Mills theory in the twisted gradient flow scheme (TGF). The study exploits the idea that twisted boundary conditions reduce finite volume effects, leading to an effective size in the twisted plane that combines the number of colours and the torus period. We test this hypothesis by computing the TGF running coupling and the SU(N) $Λ-$ parameter on asymmetric lattices of size $(NL)^2L^2$ for various gauge groups. Finite volume effects are monitored by analyzing the coupling in different planes and by comparing results at di…
We study one-loop corrections in scalar and gauge field theories on the non-commutative torus. For rational theta, Morita equivalence allows these theories to be reformulated in terms of ordinary theories on a commutative torus with twisted boundary conditions. UV/IR mixing does not lead to singularities, however there can be large corrections. In particular, gauge theories show tachyonic instabilities for some of the modes. We discuss their relevance to spontaneous Z_N x Z_N symmetry breaking in the Morita dual SU(N) theory due to electric flux condensation.
We discuss the perturbative expansion of SU(N) Yang-Mills theories defined on a d-dimensional torus of linear size l with twisted boundary conditions, generalizing previous results in the literature. For a specific class of twist tensors depending on a single integer flux value k, we show that perturbative results to all orders depend on the combination lN^(2/d) and a flux-dependent angle theta. This implies a new kind of volume independence that holds at finite N and for fixed values of theta. Our results also provide interesting information about the possible occurrence of tachyonic instabil…
We study the gradient flow for Yang-Mills theories with twisted boundary conditions. The perturbative behavior of the energy density $\langle E(t)\rangle$ is used to define a running coupling at a scale given by the linear size of the finite volume box. We compute the non-perturbative running of the pure gauge $SU(2)$ coupling constant and conclude that the technique is well suited for further applications due to the relatively mild cutoff effects of the step scaling function and the high numerical precision that can be achieved in lattice simulations. We also comment on the inclusion of matte…
We report on our ongoing computation of the perturbative running of the Yang-Mills coupling using gradient flow techniques. In particular, we use the gradient flow method with twisted boundary conditions to perform a perturbative expansion of the expectation value of the Yang-Mills energy density up to fourth order in the coupling at finite flow time. We regularise the resulting integrals using dimensional regularisation, and reproduce the universal coefficient of the 1/ε term in the relation between bare and renormalised couplings. The computation of the finite part leading to a determination…
We report on our computation of the perturbative running of the 't Hooft coupling in a pure gauge $SU(N)$ theory with twisted boundary conditions. The coupling is defined in terms of the energy density of the flow fields at a scale given by a particular combination of the linear size of the torus and the rank of the gauge group. We present our results for the matching at one-loop order to the $\bar{MS}$ scheme in the case of a two-dimensional non-trivial twist. The ratio of $Λ$ parameters is determined for the case of $SU(3)$ and for various other values of the number of colours and several ch…
We present a scaling study of lattice QCD with O(a) improved Wilson fermions and a chirally twisted mass term. In order to get precise results with a moderate computational effort, we have considered a system of physical size of 0.75^3 * 1.5 fm^4 with Schroedinger functional boundary conditions in the quenched approximation. Looking at meson observables in the pseudoscalar and vector channels, we find that O(a) improvement is effective and residual cutoff effects are fairly small.
We study the perturbative behavior of the gradient flow in a twisted box. We apply this information to define a running coupling using the energy density of the flow field. We study the step-scaling function and the size of cutoff effects in SU(2) pure gauge theory. We conclude that the twisted gradient flow running coupling scheme is a valid strategy for step-scaling purposes due to the relatively mild cutoff effects and high precision.
We compute the first four perturbative coefficients of the internal energy for the twisted reduced principal chiral model (TRPCM) using numerical stochastic perturbation theory (NSPT). This matrix model has the same large $N$ limit as the ordinary principal chiral model (PCM) at infinite volume. Indeed, we verify that the first three coefficients match the analytic result for the PCM coefficients at large $N$ with a precision of three to four significant digits. The fourth coefficient also matches our own NSPT calculation of the corresponding PCM coefficient at large $N$. The finite-$N$ correc…
We present results of a lattice QCD application of a coordinate space renormalization scheme for the extraction of renormalization constants for flavour non-singlet bilinear quark operators. The method consists in the analysis of the small-distance behaviour of correlation functions in Euclidean space and has several theoretical and practical advantages, in particular: it is gauge invariant, easy to implement and has relatively low computational cost. The values of renormalization constants in the X-space scheme can be converted to the MSbar scheme via 4-loop continuum perturbative formulae. O…
We present perturbative and non-perturbative results on the renormalization constants of the local and one-derivative vector and axial vector operators. Non-perturbative results are obtained using the twistedmassWilson fermion formulation employing two degenerate dynamical quarks and the tree-level Symanzik improved gluon action for pion masses in the range of about 450-260 MeV and at there values of the lattice spacing, namely 0.055 fm, 0.070 fm and 0.089 fm. Subtraction of O(a^2) terms is carried out by performing the perturbative evaluation of these operators at 1- loop and up to O(a^2). Th…
We present our preliminary results for the computation of the non-perturbative running of renormalized quark masses in $N_f = 3$ QCD, between the electroweak and hadronic scales, using standard finite-size scaling techniques. The computation is carried out to very high precision, using massless $\mathcal{O}(a)$-improved Wilson quarks. Following the strategy adopted by the ALPHA Collaboration for the running coupling, different schemes are used above and below a scale $μ_0 \sim m_b$, which differ by using either the Schrödinger Functional or Gradient Flow renormalized coupling. We discuss our r…
We evaluate the $Λ$-parameter in the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme for the pure SU(3) gauge theory with the twisted gradient flow (TGF) method. A running coupling constant $g_{\mathrm{TGF}}^2(1/L)$ is defined in a finite volume box with size of $L^4$ with the twisted boundary condition. This defines the TGF scheme. Using the step scaling method for the TGF coupling with lattice simulations, we can evaluate the $Λ$-parameter non-perturbatively in the TGF scheme. In this paper we determine the dimensionless ratios, $Λ_{\mathrm{TGF}}/\sqrtσ$ and $r_{0}Λ_{\mathrm{TGF}}$ together with the $Λ$-par…
Through a finite size renormalization group technique we calculate the running coupling constant for quenched SU(2) with a few percent error over a range of energy varying by a factor thirty. The definition is based on ratio of correlations of Polyakov loops with twisted boundary conditions. The extrapolation to the continuum limit is governed by corrections due to lattice artifacts which are proportional to the square of the lattice spacing and appears rather smooth.
Schrödinger functional, the propagation kernel for going from some field configuration at time $x^0=0$ to some other configuration at $x^0=T$, is used to define a running coupling, $\bar g^2(L)$, at a length scale, $L$, in pure gauge theories. Using a lattice formulation and finite size scaling techniques, this running coupling is calculated non-perturbatively in the continuum for a wide range of $L$, that extends from the perturbative scales to non-perturbative scales, for the specific case of pure SU(2) gauge theory.
Perturbative and non-perturbative results on the renormalization constants of the fermion field and the twist-2 fermion bilinears are presented with emphasis on the non-perturbative evaluation of the one-derivative twist-2 vector and axial vector operators. Non-perturbative results are obtained using the twisted mass Wilson fermion formulation employing two degenerate dynamical quarks and the tree-level Symanzik improved gluon action. The simulations have been performed for pion masses in the range of about 450-260 MeV and at three values of the lattice spacing $a$ corresponding to $β=3.9, 4.0…
Working in a quenched setup with Wilson twisted mass valence fermions, we explore the possibility to compute non-perturbatively the step scaling function using the coordinate (X-space) renormalization scheme. This scheme has the advantage of being on-shell and gauge invariant. The step scaling method allows us to calculate the running of the renormalization constants of quark bilinear operators. We describe here the details of this calculation. The aim of this exploratory study is to identify the feasibility of the X-space scheme when used in small volume simulations required by the step scali…
We present preliminary results of a non-perturbative study of the scale-dependent renormalization constants of a complete basis of Delta F=2 parity-odd four-fermion operators that enter the computation of hadronic B-parameters within the Standard Model (SM) and beyond. We consider non-perturbatively O(a) improved Wilson fermions and our gauge configurations contain two flavors of massless sea quarks. The mixing pattern of these operators is the same as for a regularization that preserves chiral symmetry, in particular there is a "physical" mixing between some of the operators. The renormalizat…
We review some recent results related to the notion of volume independence in SU(N) Yang-Mills theories. The topic is discussed in the context of gauge theories living on a d-dimensional torus with twisted boundary conditions. After a brief introduction reviewing the formalism for introducing gauge fields on a torus, we discuss how volume independence arises in perturbation theory. We show how, for appropriately chosen twist tensors, perturbative results to all orders in the 't Hooft coupling depend on a specific combination of the rank of the gauge group (N) and the periods of the torus (l) g…
Using the Schrödinger functional (SF) with a single staggered fermion field we calculate the SF coupling in four-flavour QCD for a wide range of energies and lattice sizes up to $L/a=16$. Preliminary results for the continuum extrapolation of the step-scaling function are presented. To reduce cutoff effects, one-loop ${\rm O}(a)$ improvement has been implemented. Various cross checks are made possible by the use of two independent sets of lattices with either $T=L+a$ or $T=L-a$.
We determine from first principles the quark mass anomalous dimension in Nf=3 QCD between the electroweak and hadronic scales. This allows for a fully non-perturbative connection of the perturbative and non-perturbative regimes of the Standard Model in the hadronic sector. The computation is carried out to high accuracy, employing massless O(a)-improved Wilson quarks and finite-size scaling techniques. We also provide the matching factors required in the renormalisation of light quark masses from lattice computations with O(a)-improved Wilson fermions and a tree-level Symanzik improved gauge a…
A non-perturbative calculation of the ghost-gluon running QCD coupling constant is performed using $N_f=2$ twisted-mass dynamical fermions. The extraction of $Λ_{\bar{MS}}$ in the chiral limit reveals the presence of a non-perturbative OPE contribution that is assumed to be dominated by a dimension-two $\VEV{A^2}$ condensate. In this contest a novel method for calibrating the lattice spacing in lattice simulations is presented.
We present a non-perturbative study of the running coupling constant in the Twisted Polyakov Loop (TPL) scheme. We investigate how the systematic and statistical errors can be controlled {\it via} a feasibility study in SU(3) pure Yang-Mills theory. We show that our method reproduces the perturbative determination of the running coupling in the UV. In addition, our numerical result agrees with the theoretical prediction of this coupling constant in the IR. We also present our preliminary results for $N_f=12$ QCD, where an IR fixed point may be present.
We determine non-perturbatively the anomalous dimensions of the second moment of non-singlet parton densities from a continuum extrapolation of results computed in quenched lattice simulations at different lattice spacings. We use a Schrödinger functional scheme for the definition of the renormalization constant of the relevant twist-2 operator. In the region of renormalized couplings explored, we obtain a good description of our data in terms of a three-loop expression for the anomalous dimensions. The calculation can be used for exploring values of the coupling where a perturbative expansion…
We have calculated the step scaling function and the running coupling of QCD in the Schroedinger functional scheme with four flavors of O(a) improved Wilson quarks. Comparisons of our non-perturbative results with 2-loop and 3-loop perturbation theory as well as with non-perturbative data for only two flavors are made.
The running of the coupling is studied in SU(4) gauge theory using the Schrödinger functional technique. Up to energies of the order of the square root of the string tension $σ$, the running is found to agree with the two-loop perturbative formula. Relating the perturbative to the non-perturbative regime of the running and converting to the $\msbar$ scheme allows one to extract the ratio $Λ_{\msbar}/\sqrtσ$. The result is then used in combination with similar calculations present in the literature for SU(2) and SU(3) to extract $Λ_{\msbar}/\sqrtσ$ in the large $N$ limit. Our results for $N=3,4…
In this contribution we lay down a lattice setup that allows for the non-perturbative study of a field theoretical model where a SU(2) fermion doublet, subjected to non-Abelian gauge interactions, is also coupled to a complex scalar field doublet via a Yukawa and an "irrelevant" Wilson-like term. Using naive fermions in quenched approximation and based on the renormalized Ward identities induced by purely fermionic chiral transformations, lattice observables are discussed that enable: a) in the Wigner phase, the determinations of the critical Yukawa coupling value where the purely fermionic ch…
We discuss the renormalisation properties of parity-odd Delta B=2 operators with the heavy quark treated in the static approximation. Via twisted mass QCD (tmQCD), these operators provide the matrix elements relevant for the B0-B0bar mixing amplitude. The layout of a non-perturbative renormalisation programme for the operator basis, using Schroedinger Functional techniques, is described. Finally, we report our results for a one-loop perturbative study of various renormalisation schemes with Wilson-type lattice regularisations, which allows, in particular, to compute the NLO anomalous dimension…
We perform a non-perturbative study of the scale-dependent renormalisation factors of a complete set of dimension-six four-fermion operators. The renormalisation-group (RG) running is determined in the continuum limit for a specific Schrdinger Functional (SF) renormalisation scheme in the framework of lattice QCD with two dynamical flavours ( $N_f = 2$ ). The theory is regularised on a lattice with a plaquette Wilson action and $\mathcal{O}(a)$-improved Wilson fermions. For one of these operators, the computation had been performed in ref. [1]; the present work completes the study for the rest…
We present results concerning the non-perturbative evaluation of the ghost-gluon running QCD coupling constant from $N_f=2$ twisted-mass lattice calculations. A novel method for calibrating the lattice spacing, independent of the string tension and hadron spectrum is presented with results in agreement with previous estimates. The value of $Λ_{\overline{MS}}$ is computed from the running of the QCD coupling only after extrapolating to zero dynamical quark mass and after removing a non-perturbative OPE contribution that is assumed to be dominated by the dimension-two $\VEV{A^2}$ gluon condensat…
The coupled system of renormalized Dyson-Schwinger equations for the quark, gluon and ghost propagators of Landau gauge QCD is solved within truncation schemes. These employ bare as well as non-perturbative ansaetze for the vertices such that the running coupling as well as the quark mass function are independent of the renormalization point. The one-loop anomalous dimensions of all propagators are reproduced. Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking is found, the dynamically generated quark mass agrees well with phenomenological values and corresponding results from lattice calculations. The effect…
We show that methods developed in the context of perturbative calculations can be transferred to non-perturbative calculations. We demonstrate that correlation functions on the lattice can be computed with the method of differential equations, supplemented with techniques from twisted cohomology. We derive differential equations for the variation with the coupling or -- more generally -- with the parameters of the action. Already simple examples show that the differential equation with respect to the coupling has an essential singularity at zero coupling and a regular singularity at infinite c…
We compute the renormalization factors of four-quark operators needed for the study of $K\toππ$ decay in the $ΔI=3/2$ channel. We evaluate the Z-factors at a low energy scale ($μ_0=1.145 \GeV$) using four different non-exceptional RI-SMOM schemes on a large, coarse lattice ($a\sim 0.14\fm$) on which the bare matrix elements are also computed. Then we compute the universal, non-perturbative, scale evolution matrix of these renormalization factors between $μ_0$ and $3\GeV$. We give the numerical results for the different steps of the computation in two different non-exceptional lattice schemes, …
We discuss the status of different determinations of alpha_s, motivating a precise and reliable computation from lattice QCD. In order to suppress perturbative errors, the non-perturbative computation has to reach high energy scales mu. Such results already exist in the SF-scheme for N_f=0,2 and N_f=3. We recently added the running with four massless flavours in a range of alpha from about 0.07 to 0.3 . It is based on our recent determination of the Sheikholeslami Wohlert coefficient in the four-flavour theory.
The non-perturbative running of the quark mass in the Schroedinger functional scheme is computed over a large energy range (covering scales differing by two orders of magnitude). This allows to relate lattice estimates of the running quark mass to the renormalization group invariant mass. The result is used in a preliminary computation of the strange quark mass in the theory with two flavors of non-perturbatively improved Wilson quarks. A more detailed discussion of the calculation can be found in [1].
A review of investigations of running couplings using lattice techniques is given. This includes i) studies of the running of particular non-perturbatively defined renormalized couplings in pure gauge theories over a range of energies, and ii) how estimates of $α_{\overline{MS}}(m_Z)$ in lattice QCD are presently obtained.
We analyze the free energy of a static quark anti-quark pair in quenched QCD at short and large distances. From this we deduce running couplings, g^2(r,T), and determine the length scale that separates at high temperature the short distance perturbative regime from the large distance non-perturbative regime in the QCD plasma phase. Ambiguities in the definition of a coupling beyond the perturbative regime are discussed in their relation to phenomenological considerations on heavy quark bound states in the quark gluon plasma. Our analysis suggests that it is more appropriate to characterize the…
Perturbative and non-perturbative results are presented on the renormalization constants of the quark field and the vector, axial-vector, pseudoscalar, scalar and tensor currents. The perturbative computation, carried out at one-loop level and up to second order in the lattice spacing, is performed for a fermion action, which includes the clover term and the twisted mass parameter yielding results that are applicable for unimproved Wilson fermions, as well as for improved clover and twisted mass fermions. We consider ten variants of the Symanzik improved gauge action corresponding to ten diffe…
We present an evaluation of the running coupling constant and the quark mass renormalization factor for $N_f=2+1$ QCD. The Schrödinger functional scheme is used as the intermediate scheme to carry out non-perturbative running from the low energy region, where physical input is introduced, to deep in the high energy perturbative region, where conversion to the ${\ovl{\rm MS}}$ scheme is safely performed. For numerical simulations we adopted Iwasaki gauge action and non-perturbatively improved Wilson fermion action with the clover term. Seven renormalization scales are used to cover from low to …
Tensor currents are the only quark bilinear operators lacking a non-perturbative determination of their renormalisation group (RG) running between hadronic and electroweak scales. We develop the setup to carry out the computation in lattice QCD via standard recursive finite-size scaling techniques, and provide results for the RG running of tensor currents in $N_f = 0$ and $N_f = 2$ QCD in the continuum for various Schrödinger Functional schemes. The matching factors between bare and renormalisation group invariant currents are also determined for a range of values of the lattice spacing relev…
We derive the perturbative expansion of Wilson loops to order g^4 in a SU(N) lattice gauge theory with twisted boundary conditions. Our expressions show that the thermodynamic limit is attained at infinite N for any number of lattice sites and allow to quantify the deviations from volume independence at finite large N as a function of the twist.
Using a finite volume Gradient Flow (GF) renormalization scheme with Schrödinger Functional (SF) boundary conditions, we compute the non-perturbative running coupling in the range $2.2 \lesssim {\bar g}_\mathrm{GF}^2(L) \lesssim 13$. Careful continuum extrapolations turn out to be crucial to reach our high accuracy. The running of the coupling is always between one-loop and two-loop and very close to one-loop in the region of $200\,{\rm MeV} \lesssim μ=1/L \lesssim 4\,{\rm GeV}$. While there is no convincing contact to two-loop running, we match non-perturbatively to the SF coupling with backg…
In these lectures, we discuss different types of renormalization problems in QCD and their non-perturbative solution in the framework of the lattice formulation. In particular the recursive finite size methods to compute the scale-dependence of renormalized quantities is explained. An important ingredient in the practical applications is the Schrödinger functional. It is introduced and its renormalization properties are discussed. Concerning applications, the computation of the running coupling and the running quark mass are covered in detail and it is shown how the $Λ$-parameter and renormali…
We introduce the minimal momentum subtraction (MiniMOM) scheme for QCD. Its definition allows the strong coupling to be fixed solely through a determination of the gluon and ghost propagators. In Landau gauge this scheme has been implicit in the early studies of these propagators, especially in relation to their non-perturbative behaviour in the infrared and the associated infrared fixed-point. Here we concentrate on its perturbative use. We give the explicit perturbative definition of the scheme and the relation of its beta-function and running coupling to the MSbar scheme up to 4-loop order …
We present results for the renormalization constants of bilinear quark operators obtained by using the tree-level Symanzik improved gauge action and the Nf=2 twisted mass fermion action at maximal twist, which guarantees automatic O(a)-improvement. Our results are also relevant for the corresponding standard (un-twisted) Wilson fermionic action since the two actions only differ, in the massless limit, by a chiral rotation of the quark fields. The scale-independent renormalization constants ZV, ZA and the ratio ZP/ZS have been computed using the RI-MOM approach, as well as other alternative met…
We report the nonperturbative behavior of the twisted Polyakov loop (TPL) coupling constant for the SU(3) gauge theories defined by the ratio of Polyakov loop correlators in finite volume with twisted boundary condition. We reveal the vacuum structures and the phase structure for the lattice gauge theory with the twisted boundary condition. Carrying out the numerical simulations, we determine the nonperturbative running coupling constant in this renormalization scheme for the quenched QCD and Nf=12 SU(3) gauge theories. At first, we study the quenched QCD theory using the plaquette gauge actio…
Perturbative coefficients for Wilson loops and the static-quark self-energy are extracted from Monte Carlo simulations at weak coupling. The lattice volumes and couplings are chosen to ensure that the lattice momenta are all perturbative. Twisted boundary conditions are used to eliminate the effects of lattice zero modes and to suppress nonperturbative finite-volume effects due to Z(3) phases. Simulations of the Wilson gluon action are done with both periodic and twisted boundary conditions, and over a wide range of lattice volumes (from $3^4$ to $16^4$) and couplings (from $β\approx 9$ to $β\…
Perturbation theory is shown to be working in the IR limit of pure SU(3) Yang-Mills theory in Landau gauge by an unconventional setting of the perturbative expansion. A dynamical mass is predicted for the gluon and the lattice data are reproduced fairly well by a second-order expansion, without any free parameter. The effective running coupling is small in the IR and the approximation can be improved by inclusion of higher order terms.
The quark-connected leading-order hadronic contributions to the running of the electromagnetic fine structure constant, $α_{\rm QED}$, and the weak mixing angle, $θ_W$, are determined by a four-flavour lattice QCD computation with twisted mass fermions. Full agreement of the results with a phenomenological analysis is observed with an even comparable statistical uncertainty. We show that the uncertainty of the lattice calculation is dominated by systematic effects which then leads to significantly larger errors than obtained by the phenomenological analysis.
The non-perturbatively defined running quark mass introduced by the ALPHA collaboration is based on the PCAC relation between correlation functions derived from the Schrödinger functional (SF). In order to complete its definition it remains to specify a number of parameters, including the ratio of time to spatial extent, $T/L$, and the angle $θ$ which appears in the spatial boundary conditions for the quark fields. We investigate the running mass in perturbation theory and propose a choice of parameters which attains two desired properties: firstly the two-loop anomalous dimension $\d1SF$ is r…
We present results on light hadron masses from simulations of full QCD and report on experiences in running such simulations on a Hitachi SR8000-F1 supercomputer.
We analyze 2+1 dimensional Yang-Mills theory regularized on a lattice with twisted boundary conditions in the spatial directions. In previous work it was shown that the observables in the non-zero electric flux sectors obey the so-called $x$-scaling, i.e. depend only on the dimensionless variable $x\propto NL/b$ and the angle $\tildeθ$ given by the parameters of the twist ($L$ being the length of the spatial torus and $b$ the inverse 't Hooft coupling). It is conjectured that this scaling is obeyed by all physical quantities. In this work we extend the previous analyses to the zero electric fl…
We present a precise non-perturbative determination of the renormalization constants in the mass independent RI'-MOM scheme. The lattice implementation uses the Iwasaki gauge action and four degenerate dynamical twisted mass fermions. The gauge configurations are provided by the ETM Collaboration. Renormalization constants for scalar, pseudo-scalar, vector and axial operators, as well as the quark propagator renormalization, are computed at three different values of the lattice spacing, two volumes and several twisted mass parameters. The method we developed allows for a precise cross-check of…
