arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1910.04652astro-ph.GA
收藏

0类原恒星包层的低尘埃辐射率和径向变化:早期晶粒生长的特征?

Low dust emissivities and radial variations in the envelopes of Class 0 protostars: a signature of early grain growth?

Maud Galametz, Anaelle J. Maury, Valeska Valdivia, Leonardo Testi, Arnaud Belloche, Philippe Andre

摘要:

分析尘埃的性质及其在恒星形成早期阶段的演化对于限制坍缩和吸积过程以及行星形成种子的原始性质至关重要。我们分析PdBI观测在1.3和3.2毫米的12个0级原恒星作为CALYPSO调查的一部分,并获得尘埃发射率指数(β)的配置文件作为一个函数的包络半径在200-2000 AU尺度。大多数的原恒星信封显示低尘埃发射率指数减少向中心地区。在校正(潜在光学厚度)中心区域发射后,下降趋势仍然存在,在NGC 1333-IRAS 4A、NGC 1333-IRAS 4 B、SVS 13 B和Serpens-SMM 4的大部分包络半径上具有令人惊讶的低β值(低于1)。我们讨论了各种过程,可以解释这样低,不同的尘埃发射率指数在包络半径200-2000 AU。我们的观测极低的尘埃发射率指数可以跟踪存在的大(毫米大小)的颗粒在0级信封和径向增加的尘埃颗粒大小的内部信封区域。虽然预计年轻的原恒星信封中的大颗粒可以通过颗粒生长和凝聚来建立,但我们强调,在当前的凝聚模型中建立mm颗粒所需的典型时间尺度与我们的0级原恒星的年轻性不一致。尘埃成分的其他变化也可能部分导致我们观察到的低β。β径向梯度的陡度很大程度上取决于包层质量,这可能有利于大颗粒在高密度原恒星盘中形成并被输送到中间包层半径的情况,例如在外流和风的帮助下。

英文摘要:

Analyzing the properties of dust and its evolution in the early phases of star formation is crucial to put constraints on the collapse and accretion processes as well as on the pristine properties of planet-forming seeds. We analyze PdBI observations at 1.3 and 3.2 mm for 12 Class 0 protostars obtained as part of the CALYPSO survey and derive dust emissivity index (beta) profiles as a function of the envelope radius at 200-2000 au scales. Most of the protostellar envelopes show low dust emissivity indices decreasing toward the central regions. The decreasing trend remains after correction of the (potentially optically-thick) central region emission, with surprisingly low beta (lower than 1) values across most of the envelope radii of NGC1333-IRAS4A, NGC1333-IRAS4B, SVS13B, and Serpens-SMM4. We discuss the various processes that could explain such low and varying dust emissivity indices at envelope radii 200-2000 au. Our observations of extremely low dust emissivity indices could trace the presence of large (mm-size) grains in Class 0 envelopes and a radial increase of the dust grain size toward the inner envelope regions. While it is expected that large grains in young protostellar envelopes could be built via grain growth and coagulation, we stress that the typical timescales required to build mm grains in current coagulation models are at odds with the youth of our Class 0 protostars. Additional variations in the dust composition could also partly contribute to the low beta we observe. The steepness of the beta radial gradient depends strongly on the envelope mass, which might favor a scenario where large grains are built in high density protostellar disks and transported to the intermediate envelope radii, for example with the help of outflows and winds.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑