We solve the general problem of determining, through imaging, the three-dimensional positions of $N$ weak incoherent point-like emitters in an arbitrary spatial configuration. We show that a structured measurement strategy in which a linear interferometer feeds into an array of photo-detectors is always optimal for this estimation problem, in the sense that it saturates the quantum Cramér-Rao bound. We provide a method for the explicit construction of the optimal interferometer. Further explicit results for the quantum Fisher information and the optimal interferometer design that attains it are obtained for the case of one and two incoherent emitters in the paraxial regime. This work provides insights into the phenomenon of super-resolution through incoherent imaging that has attracted much attention recently. Our results will find a wide range of applications over a broad spectrum of frequencies, from fluorescence microscopy to stellar interferometry.
Incoherent Imaging with Spatially Structured Quantum Probes
Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland(量子信息与计算联合中心,美国国家标准与技术研究院/马里兰大学);Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland(量子信息联合研究所,美国国家标准与技术研究院/马里兰大学);Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland(马里兰大学电气与计算机工程系)
Attaining Fundamental Limits of Multiparameter Incoherent Optical Imaging Using Joint-Detection Quantum Measurements
Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学怀特光学科学学院);Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford(牛津大学克拉伦登实验室);Physical Sciences and Systems, Raytheon BBN(雷神BBN物理科学与系统部门);Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland(马里兰大学电气与计算机工程系)
Quantum noise spectroscopy as an incoherent imaging problem
我指出了我的小组在量子激发的超分辨率研究中提出的非相干成像模型[Tsang,Nair和Lu,Physical Review X 6,031033(2016)]与我们也提出的噪声光谱模型[Tsang和Nair,Physical Review A 86,042115(2012); Ng等人,Physical Review A 93,042121(2016)]。两者都可以看作是随机位移模型,其中随机位移的概率测度取决于未知参数。提出用于成像的空间模式解复用(SPADE)方法类似于Ng等人(2016)提出的用于光学相位噪声光谱的光谱光子计数方法-这两种方法都是优于直接位移测量(直接成像或零差检测)的离散变量测量,并且可以实现各自的量子极限。受SPADE的启发,我提出了一个修改的光谱光子计数时,输入场是压缩-简单地unsqueeze的输出领域之前,光谱光子计数。我证明了这种方法是量子最优的,并且在参数估计和检测方面都远远优于零差检测,从而解决了Tsang和Nair(2012)和Ng等人(2016)中的公开问题。
Quantum limit to subdiffraction incoherent optical imaging. II. A parametric-submodel approach
在以前的论文[M。Tsang,Phys. Rev. A 99,012305(2019)],我提出了亚衍射非相干光学成像中物体矩估计的量子极限。在这个续集中,我证明了量子极限严格的无限维分析。证明的一个关键是选择一个不利的参数子模型给半参数问题的界。通过推广更大类矩的量子极限,证明了仅用一个或两个模的空间模解复用(SPADE)测量方法能够达到量子极限。为了比较,我推导出一个经典的约束直接成像使用的参数子模型的方法,这表明直接成像是大大低于。
Conservative classical and quantum resolution limits for incoherent imaging
从极大极小参数估计的角度,提出了两个非相干点光源的统计分辨率的经典极限和量子极限。与早期的结果的基础上的Cramér-Rao界,这里提出的限制,基于最坏情况下的误差准则和贝叶斯版本的Cramér-Rao界,是有效的任何有偏或无偏估计,并服从光子数标度,是符合实际的估计行为。这些结果证明,从极大极小的角度来看,Tsang,Nair和Lu最近提出的空间模式解复用(SPADE)测量方案[Phys. Rev. X 6,031033(2016)]仍然优于足够高光子数的直接成像。
Free-Electron Ramsey-Type Interferometry for Enhanced Amplitude and Phase imaging of Nearfields
Andrew and Erna Viterbi department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology(安德鲁和埃尔纳·维特比电气与计算机工程系,以色列理工学院);Solid State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology(固体研究所,以色列理工学院);Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology(物理系和电子研究实验室,麻省理工学院);Department of Material Science, University of Milano-Bicocca(材料科学系,米兰比可卡大学)
Superresolution imaging with entanglement-enhanced telescopy
College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学光学科学学院);Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park(马里兰大学电气与计算机工程系);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心)