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arXiv quant-ph/9702051quant-ph
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相干和非相干粒子-物质相互作用的动力学半群描述

Dynamical Semigroup Description of Coherent and Incoherent Particle-Matter Interaction

L. Lanz, B. Vacchini

摘要:

本文讨论了量子力学中单微系统统计实验的意义,提出了一个在非相对论量子场论框架下描述单微系统与物质相干和非相干相互作用的一般模型。Comparative开发的计算与超算子,它表明,引入一个时间尺度,链接到不可逆性的减少动态,直接导致一个动力学半群表示的数量典型的散射理论。它的发生器由两个术语组成,第一个术语与相干波状行为有关,第二个术语与具有测量特征的相互作用有关,可能与微系统产生的在物质内部传播的事件有关。如果这些事件孕育了一种测量,那么现代量子力学的某些概念(“效应”和“作用”)就会出现明确的实现。这一描述与最近的一场辩论的相关性质疑普通量子力学的有效性,以解释这样的实验情况,例如,中子干涉测量,简要讨论。

英文摘要:

The meaning of statistical experiments with single microsystems in quantum mechanics is discussed and a general model in the framework of non-relativistic quantum field theory is proposed, to describe both coherent and incoherent interaction of a single microsystem with matter. Compactly developing the calculations with superoperators, it is shown that the introduction of a time scale, linked to irreversibility of the reduced dynamics, directly leads to a dynamical semigroup expressed in terms of quantities typical of scattering theory. Its generator consists of two terms, the first linked to a coherent wavelike behaviour, the second related to an interaction having a measuring character, possibly connected to events the microsystem produces propagating inside matter. In case these events breed a measurement, an explicit realization of some concepts of modern quantum mechanics ("effects" and "operations") arises. The relevance of this description to a recent debate questioning the validity of ordinary quantum mechanics to account for such experimental situations as, e.g., neutron-interferometry, is briefly discussed.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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