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arXiv 1909.02812astro-ph.GA
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包层吸积驱动的嵌入式原恒星盘中的螺旋结构

Spiral Structures in an Embedded Protostellar Disk Driven by Envelope Accretion

Chin-Fei Lee, Zhi-Yun Li, Neal J. Turner

摘要:

流体动力学模拟表明,一对螺旋臂可以在快速成长的年轻恒星周围的盘中形成,并且当盘从周围的包层吸积材料时,这些臂在传输角动量方面至关重要。在这里,我们报告检测到一对对称的螺旋结构的原恒星盘,支持形成的螺旋臂在磁盘周围的形成恒星。HH 111 VLA 1源是一个年轻的I类源,嵌入在一个巨大的坠落原恒星包层中,正在积极地吸积,驱动着突出的HH 111喷流。先前的观测显示,在盘的外缘周围有一个激波发射环,这表明包层物质以很高的速度吸积到盘上。现在,通过ALMA对尘埃颗粒热辐射的观测,我们检测到一对从内部区域延伸到圆盘外缘的螺旋臂,与许多模拟中看到的相似。此外,该盘是巨大的,Toomre的Q参数在检测到螺旋结构的外部接近1,支持了包络吸积驱动外盘引力不稳定的观点。在我们的观测中,另一个源,HH 111 VLA 2,首次空间分辨,显示出一个直径约26 au的盘状结构和取向几乎正交的HH 111 VLA 1盘。

英文摘要:

Hydrodynamical simulations show that a pair of spiral arms can form in the disk around a rapidly-growing young star and that the arms are crucial in transporting angular momentum as the disk accretes material from the surrounding envelope. Here we report the detection of a pair of symmetric spiral structures in a protostellar disk, supporting the formation of spiral arms in the disk around a forming star. The HH 111 VLA 1 source is a young Class I source embedded in a massive infalling protostellar envelope and is actively accreting, driving the prominent HH 111 jet. Previous observations showed a ring of shock emission around the disk's outer edge, indicating accretion of the envelope material onto the disk at a high rate. Now with ALMA observations of thermal emission from dust particles, we detect a pair of spiral arms extending from the inner region to the disk's outer edge, similar to that seen in many simulations. Additionally, the disk is massive, with Toomre's Q parameter near unity in the outer parts where the spiral structures are detected, supporting the notion that envelope accretion is driving the outer disk gravitationally unstable. In our observations, another source, HH 111 VLA 2, is spatially resolved for the first time, showing a disk-like structure with a diameter of ~ 26 au and an orientation nearly orthogonal to that of the HH 111 VLA 1 disk.

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