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arXiv 1908.10710cond-mat.softcond-mat.stat-mech
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超越平衡的布朗测温法

Brownian Thermometry Beyond Equilibrium

Daniel Geiss, Klaus Kroy

摘要:

自从阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦在1905年发表了关于布朗运动的开创性论文以来,已知粘度的流体和气体的温度可以从对小悬浮探针粒子的波动的观察中推导出来。我们总结了最近的推广布朗测温的这种标准技术的情况下,涉及空间异质性的温度场和其他非平衡条件下的溶剂介质。有效温度的概念进行审查和严格评估其范围。我们的重点是实际相关的现实世界中的应用,有效温度已明确计算和实验证实。我们还阐明了更一般的概念(有效)的温度谱和测量布朗热谱的关系。最后,我们强调的概念的重要性,非平衡测温的活性和生物物质,如microswimmer悬浮液或生物细胞,这往往发挥作用的非热(“主动”)热浴嵌入布朗自由度。

英文摘要:

Since Albert Einstein's seminal 1905-paper on Brownian motion, the temperature of fluids and gases of known viscosity can be deduced from observations of the fluctuations of small suspended probe particles. We summarize recent generalizations of this standard technique of Brownian thermometry to situations involving spatially heterogeneous temperature fields and other non-equilibrium conditions in the solvent medium. The notion of effective temperatures is reviewed and its scope critically assessed. Our emphasis is on practically relevant real-world applications, for which effective temperatures have been explicitly computed and experimentally confirmed. We also elucidate the relation to the more general concept of (effective) temperature spectra and their measurement by Brownian thermospectrometry. Finally, we highlight the conceptual importance of non-equilibrium thermometry for active and biological matter, such as microswimmer suspensions or biological cells, which often play the role of non-thermal ('active') heat baths for embedded Brownian degrees of freedom.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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