发表机构
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf（塔塔基础研究所; 杜塞尔多夫海因里希·海涅大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究提出哈密顿主动布朗粒子模型，关联平衡态与标准主动布朗粒子的非平衡行为，通过热浴耦合驱动系统脱离平衡态，揭示能量耗散规律，为活性物质理论发展提供基础。
AI 中文摘要
我们提出一种哈密顿主动布朗粒子（HABP）模型，该模型将平衡态动力学与标准主动布朗粒子（ABP）的非平衡二维过阻尼行为关联起来。在平衡态下，系统遵循严格满足涨落耗散定理的过阻尼朗之万方程；将平动和转动自由度耦合到不同的热浴中（$T_{\theta} > T_{\textrm{tr}}$），可驱动系统脱离平衡态。在自由空间中，当$T_\theta/T_{\textrm{tr}}\to \infty$时，匹配扩散系数会与ABP模型定量一致；而在简谐势中，即使在有限温度比下也能实现这种匹配。熵产生分析表明，在ABP极限下，游泳力注入的所有能量都耗散到平热浴中，使转动热浴成为零成本熵源。这些见解为基于平衡态的活性物质描述迈出了第一步，有助于开发新的理论框架，以研究远离平衡态的生物及非生物软物质中活性诱导的涨落、输运和相行为。
英文摘要
We introduce a Hamiltonian Active Brownian Particle (HABP) model that connects equilibrium dynamics with the non-equilibrium, two-dimensional overdamped behavior of standard Active Brownian Particles (ABPs). In equilibrium, the system follows overdamped Langevin equations that strictly satisfy the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Coupling translational and rotational degrees of freedom to separate heat baths ($T_θ > T_{\textrm{tr}}$), drives the system out of equilibrium. In free space, matching the diffusion coefficients yields quantitative agreement with the ABP model in the limit $T_θ/T_{\textrm{tr}}\to \infty$, whereas in a harmonic potential, this matching is recovered even at finite temperature ratios. Entropy production analysis demonstrates that in the ABP limit, all energy injected by the swim force dissipates into the translational bath, leaving the rotational bath as a zero-cost entropy source. These insights provide the first steps toward equilibrium-inspired descriptions of active matter, facilitating the development of new theoretical frameworks to study activity-induced fluctuations, transport, and phase behavior in living and non-living soft matter systems far from equilibrium.
