停止运动：非球形粒子布朗运动的修正
Motion by Stopping: Rectifying Brownian Motion of Non-spherical Particles
摘要：
我们发现，布朗运动是空间不对称的介观粒子嵌入在流体中，如果粒子是不是在热平衡，它的形状是不是球形的。考虑到分子马达在生物细胞中的应用，我们通过使非球形粒子在沿着细丝的周期性位置停止来维持非平衡。在Lennard-Jones流体中的分子动力学模拟表明，如果非对称非平衡弛豫过程受到外部停止的阻碍，则在没有棘轮势或温度梯度的情况下定向运动是可能的。在理想气体极限下的分析计算表明，即使是对流体漂移的运动也是可能的，并且运动的方向可以由粒子的形状控制，这完全由张量Minkowski泛函表征。
英文摘要：
We show that Brownian motion is spatially not symmetric for mesoscopic particles embedded in a fluid if the particle is not in thermal equilibrium and its shape is not spherical. In view of applications on molecular motors in biological cells, we sustain non-equilibrium by stopping a non-spherical particle at periodic sites along a filament. Molecular dynamics simulations in a Lennard-Jones fluid demonstrate that directed motion is possible without a ratchet potential or temperature gradients if the asymmetric non-equilibrium relaxation process is hindered by external stopping. Analytic calculations in the ideal gas limit show that motion even against a fluid drift is possible and that the direction of motion can be controlled by the shape of the particle, which is completely characterized by tensorial Minkowski functionals.
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