Automatic segmentation methods based on deep learning have recently demonstrated state-of-the-art performance, outperforming the ordinary methods. Nevertheless, these methods are inapplicable for small datasets, which are very common in medical problems. To this end, we propose a knowledge transfer method between diseases via the Generative Bayesian Prior network. Our approach is compared to a pre-train approach and random initialization and obtains the best results in terms of Dice Similarity Coefficient metric for the small subsets of the Brain Tumor Segmentation 2018 database (BRATS2018).
The extent to which the arbitrarily selected L2 regularization hyperparameter value affects the outcome of semantic segmentation with deep learning is demonstrated. Demonstrations rely on training U-net on small LGE-MRI datasets using the arbitrarily selected L2 regularization values. The remaining hyperparameters are to be manually adjusted or tuned only when 10 % of all epochs are reached before the training validation accuracy reaches 90%. Semantic segmentation with deep learning outcomes are objectively and subjectively evaluated against the manual ground truth segmentation.
Multimodal brain tumor segmentation challenge (BraTS) brings together researchers to improve automated methods for 3D MRI brain tumor segmentation. Tumor segmentation is one of the fundamental vision tasks necessary for diagnosis and treatment planning of the disease. Previous years winning methods were all deep-learning based, thanks to the advent of modern GPUs, which allow fast optimization of deep convolutional neural network architectures. In this work, we explore best practices of 3D semantic segmentation, including conventional encoder-decoder architecture, as well combined loss functio…
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine（西北大学范伯格医学院）；Hacettepe University（哈塞特佩大学）
In our comprehensive experiments and evaluations, we show that it is possible to generate multiple contrast (even all synthetically) and use synthetically generated images to train an image segmentation engine. We showed promising segmentation results tested on real multi-contrast MRI scans when delineating muscle, fat, bone and bone marrow, all trained on synthetic images. Based on synthetic image training, our segmentation results were as high as 93.91\%, 94.11\%, 91.63\%, 95.33\%, for muscle, fat, bone, and bone marrow delineation, respectively. Results were not significantly different from…
Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation challenge (ISLES 2022) offers a platform for researchers to compare their solutions to 3D segmentation of ischemic stroke regions from 3D MRIs. In this work, we describe our solution to ISLES 2022 segmentation task. We re-sample all images to a common resolution, use two input MRI modalities (DWI and ADC) and train SegResNet semantic segmentation network from MONAI. The final submission is an ensemble of 15 models (from 3 runs of 5-fold cross validation). Our solution (team name NVAUTO) achieves the top place in terms of Dice metric (0.824), and overall rank…
Fudan University（复旦大学）；Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；King’s College London（伦敦国王学院）
Left atrial (LA) segmentation from late gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (LGE MRI) is a crucial step needed for planning the treatment of atrial fibrillation. However, automatic LA segmentation from LGE MRI is still challenging, due to the poor image quality, high variability in LA shapes, and unclear LA boundary. Though deep learning-based methods can provide promising LA segmentation results, they often generalize poorly to unseen domains, such as data from different scanners and/or sites. In this work, we collect 210 LGE MRIs from different centers with different levels of ima…
Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Peng Cheng Laboratory（鹏城实验室）；Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital（广东省人民医院）；Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences（广东省医学科学院）
Brain tumor segmentation based on multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a pivotal role in assisting brain cancer diagnosis, treatment, and postoperative evaluations. Despite the achieved inspiring performance by existing automatic segmentation methods, multi-modal MRI data are still unavailable in real-world clinical applications due to quite a few uncontrollable factors (e.g. different imaging protocols, data corruption, and patient condition limitations), which lead to a large performance drop during practical applications. In this work, we propose a Deeply supervIsed knowledGE …
Automatic segmentation methods based on deep learning have recently demonstrated state-of-the-art performance, outperforming the ordinary methods. Nevertheless, these methods are inapplicable for small datasets, which are very common in medical problems. To this end, we propose a knowledge transfer method between diseases via the Generative Bayesian Prior network. Our approach is compared to a pre-train approach and random initialization and obtains the best results in terms of Dice Similarity Coefficient metric for the small subsets of the Brain Tumor Segmentation 2018 database (BRATS2018).
University of Central Florida（中佛罗里达大学）；Florida Hospital（佛罗里达医院）
Anatomical and biophysical modeling of left atrium (LA) and proximal pulmonary veins (PPVs) is important for clinical management of several cardiac diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows qualitative assessment of LA and PPVs through visualization. However, there is a strong need for an advanced image segmentation method to be applied to cardiac MRI for quantitative analysis of LA and PPVs. In this study, we address this unmet clinical need by exploring a new deep learning-based segmentation strategy for quantification of LA and PPVs with high accuracy and heightened efficiency. Our …
Automated segmentation of brain tumors from 3D magnetic resonance images (MRIs) is necessary for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment planning of the disease. Manual delineation practices require anatomical knowledge, are expensive, time consuming and can be inaccurate due to human error. Here, we describe a semantic segmentation network for tumor subregion segmentation from 3D MRIs based on encoder-decoder architecture. Due to a limited training dataset size, a variational auto-encoder branch is added to reconstruct the input image itself in order to regularize the shared decoder and impo…
East China University of Science and Technology（华东理工大学）
Prostate cancer is one of the common diseases in men, and it is the most common malignant tumor in developed countries. Studies have shown that the male prostate incidence rate is as high as 2.5% to 16%, Currently, the inci-dence of prostate cancer in Asia is lower than that in the West, but it is increas-ing rapidly. If prostate cancer can be found as early as possible and treated in time, it will have a high survival rate. Therefore, it is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. In this paper, we propose a trans-fer learning method based on deep neural netwo…
High-fidelity semantic segmentation of magnetic resonance volumes is critical for estimating tissue morphometry and relaxation parameters in both clinical and research applications. While manual segmentation is accepted as the gold-standard, recent advances in deep learning and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown promise for efficient automatic segmentation of soft tissues. However, due to the stochastic nature of deep learning and the multitude of hyperparameters in training networks, predicting network behavior is challenging. In this paper, we quantify the impact of three factor…
We propose a 2D Encoder-Decoder based deep learning architecture for semantic segmentation, that incorporates anatomical priors by imitating the encoder component of an autoencoder in latent space. The autoencoder is additionally enhanced by means of hierarchical features, extracted by an U-Net module. Our suggested architecture is trained in an end-to-end manner and is evaluated on the example of pelvic bone segmentation in MRI. A comparison to the standard U-Net architecture shows promising improvements.
Emory University（埃默里大学）；University of Wyoming（怀俄明大学）；Colgate University（科尔盖特大学）；University of Utah（犹他大学）
Two segmentation methods, one atlas-based and one neural-network-based, were compared to see how well they can each automatically segment the brain stem and cerebellum in Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DENSE-MRI) data. The segmentation is a pre-requisite for estimating the average displacements in these regions, which have recently been proposed as biomarkers in the diagnosis of Chiari Malformation type I (CMI). In numerical experiments, the segmentations of both methods were similar to manual segmentations provided by trained experts. It was found tha…
This paper presents an end-to-end solution for MRI thigh quadriceps segmentation. This is the first attempt that deep learning methods are used for the MRI thigh segmentation task. We use the state-of-the-art Fully Convolutional Networks with transfer learning approach for the semantic segmentation of regions of interest in MRI thigh scans. To further improve the performance of the segmentation, we propose a post-processing technique using basic image processing methods. With our proposed method, we have established a new benchmark for MRI thigh quadriceps segmentation with mean Jaccard Simila…
Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University（清华大学深圳研究生院）；The University of Texas at Arlington（德克萨斯大学阿灵顿分校）
Accurate segmentation of brain tissue in magnetic resonance images (MRI) is a diffcult task due to different types of brain abnormalities. Using information and features from multimodal MRI including T1, T1-weighted inversion recovery (T1-IR) and T2-FLAIR and differential geometric features including the Jacobian determinant(JD) and the curl vector(CV) derived from T1 modality can result in a more accurate analysis of brain images. In this paper, we use the differential geometric information including JD and CV as image characteristics to measure the differences between different MRI images, w…
Automatic Landmark-Based Segmentation of Human Subcortical Structures in MRI
École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS)（埃克塞尔技术高等学院）；Boston University School of Medicine（波士顿大学医学学院）；Signal and Smart Systems Lab (L3S)（信号与智能系统实验室）；National School of Engineering of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar（突尼斯国家工程学院，突尼斯El Manar大学）
Brain extraction is a fundamental step for most brain imaging studies. In this paper, we investigate the problem of skull stripping and propose complementary segmentation networks (CompNets) to accurately extract the brain from T1-weighted MRI scans, for both normal and pathological brain images. The proposed networks are designed in the framework of encoder-decoder networks and have two pathways to learn features from both the brain tissue and its complementary part located outside of the brain. The complementary pathway extracts the features in the non-brain region and leads to a robust solu…
We consider Bayesian logistic regression models with group-structured covariates. In high-dimensional settings, it is often assumed that only small portion of groups are significant, thus consistent group selection is of significant importance. While consistent frequentist group selection methods have been proposed, theoretical properties of Bayesian group selection methods for logistic regression models have not been investigated yet. In this paper, we consider a hierarchical group spike and slab prior for logistic regression models in high-dimensional settings. Under mild conditions, we esta…
The volume estimation of brain regions from MRI data is a key problem in many clinical applications, where the acquisition of data at high spatial resolution is desirable. While parallel MRI and constrained image reconstruction algorithms can accelerate the scans, image reconstruction artifacts are inevitable, especially at high acceleration factors. We introduce a novel image domain deep-learning framework for calibrationless parallel MRI reconstruction, coupled with a segmentation network to improve image quality and to reduce the vulnerability of current segmentation algorithms to image art…
Deep cerebellar nuclei are a key structure of the cerebellum that are involved in processing motor and sensory information. It is thus a crucial step to accurately segment deep cerebellar nuclei for the understanding of the cerebellum system and its utility in deep brain stimulation treatment. However, it is challenging to clearly visualize such small nuclei under standard clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols and therefore precise segmentation is not feasible. Recent advances in 7 Tesla (T) MRI technology and great potential of deep neural networks facilitate automatic patient-s…
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center（纪念斯隆凯特琳癌症中心）
We developed a new joint probabilistic segmentation and image distribution matching generative adversarial network (PSIGAN) for unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) and multi-organ segmentation from magnetic resonance (MRI) images. Our UDA approach models the co-dependency between images and their segmentation as a joint probability distribution using a new structure discriminator. The structure discriminator computes structure of interest focused adversarial loss by combining the generated pseudo MRI with probabilistic segmentations produced by a simultaneously trained segmentation sub-networ…
In recent years, convolutional neural networks have demonstrated promising performance in a variety of medical image segmentation tasks. However, when a trained segmentation model is deployed into the real clinical world, the model may not perform optimally. A major challenge is the potential poor-quality segmentations generated due to degraded image quality or domain shift issues. There is a timely need to develop an automated quality control method that can detect poor segmentations and feedback to clinicians. Here we propose a novel deep generative model-based framework for quality control …
Improve Cross-Modality Segmentation by Treating T1-Weighted MRI Images as Inverted CT Scans
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin（柏林查理医院）；Freie Universität Berlin（柏林自由大学）；Humboldt Universität zu Berlin（柏林洪堡大学）；Radboud University Medical Center（拉德伯德大学医学中心）；Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School（麻省总医院和哈佛医学院）；Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑技术大学）
University College London（伦敦大学学院）；Centre for Medical Image Computing（医学图像计算中心）
Accurate segmentation of the right ventricle (RV) is a crucial step in the assessment of the ventricular structure and function. Yet, due to its complex anatomy and motion segmentation of the RV has not been as largely studied as the left ventricle. This paper presents a fully automatic method for the segmentation of the RV in cardiac magnetic resonance images (MRI). The method uses a coarse-to-fine segmentation strategy in combination with a multi-atlas propagation segmentation framework. Based on a cross correlation metric, our method selects the best atlases for propagation allowing the ref…
Automatic segmentation of brain abnormalities is challenging, as they vary considerably from one pathology to another. Current methods are supervised and require numerous annotated images for each pathology, a strenuous task. To tackle anatomical variability, Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (UAD) methods are proposed, detecting anomalies as outliers of a healthy model learned using a Variational Autoencoder (VAE). Previous work on UAD adopted a 2D approach, meaning that MRIs are processed as a collection of independent slices. Yet, it does not fully exploit the spatial information contained in …
Deep Learning is a promising approach to either automate or simplify several tasks in the healthcare domain. In this work, we introduce SegAN-CAT, an approach to brain tumor segmentation in Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI), based on Adversarial Networks. In particular, we extend SegAN, successfully applied to the same task in a previous work, in two respects: (i) we used a different model input and (ii) we employed a modified loss function to train the model. We tested our approach on two large datasets, made available by the Brain Tumor Image Segmentation Benchmark (BraTS). First, we trained a…
Otto-von-Guericke University（奥托·冯·格里克大学）；University Hospital of Magdeburg（马格德堡大学医院）
Deep learning-based segmentation of the liver and hepatic lesions therein steadily gains relevance in clinical practice due to the increasing incidence of liver cancer each year. Whereas various network variants with overall promising results in the field of medical image segmentation have been successfully developed over the last years, almost all of them struggle with the challenge of accurately segmenting hepatic lesions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This led to the idea of combining elements of convolutional and transformer-based architectures to overcome the existing limitations. T…
Universitat de Barcelona（巴塞罗那大学）；Barts Health NHS Trust（巴特兹健康国民保健服务信托基金）；Queen Mary University of London（伦敦玛丽女王大学）；Universitat Pompeu Fabra（庞培法布拉大学）；ICREA（加泰罗尼亚研究与高级研究院）
Accurate segmentation of the cardiac boundaries in late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance images (LGE-MRI) is a fundamental step for accurate quantification of scar tissue. However, while there are many solutions for automatic cardiac segmentation of cine images, the presence of scar tissue can make the correct delineation of the myocardium in LGE-MRI challenging even for human experts. As part of the Multi-Sequence Cardiac MR Segmentation Challenge, we propose a solution for LGE-MRI segmentation based on two components. First, a generative adversarial network is trained for the task o…
Right ventricular (RV) segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a crucial step for cardiac morphology and function analysis. However, automatic RV segmentation from MRI is still challenging, mainly due to the heterogeneous intensity, the complex variable shapes, and the unclear RV boundary. Moreover, current methods for the RV segmentation tend to suffer from performance degradation at the basal and apical slices of MRI. In this work, we propose an automatic RV segmentation framework, where the information from long-axis (LA) views is utilized to assist the segmentation of short-a…
Pre- to Post-Contrast Breast MRI Synthesis for Enhanced Tumour Segmentation
Universitat de Barcelona（巴塞罗那大学）；Helmholtz Center Munich（慕尼黑亥姆霍兹中心）；Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；Karolinska Institutet（卡罗林斯卡学院）；King’s College London（伦敦国王学院）
University of Notre Dame（圣母大学）；Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute（广东省心血管病研究所）；Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital（广东省人民医院）；Boston Children’s Hospital（波士顿儿童医院）；Harvard Medical School（哈佛医学院）；University of Pittsburgh（匹兹堡大学）
Real-time cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an increasingly important role in guiding various cardiac interventions. In order to provide better visual assistance, the cine MRI frames need to be segmented on-the-fly to avoid noticeable visual lag. In addition, considering reliability and patient data privacy, the computation is preferably done on local hardware. State-of-the-art MRI segmentation methods mostly focus on accuracy only, and can hardly be adopted for real-time application or on local hardware. In this work, we present the first hardware-aware multi-scale neural archite…
Vanderbilt University（范德堡大学）；Vanderbilt University Medical Center（范德堡大学医学中心）
Automated segmentation of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions from MRI scans is important to quantify disease progression. In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown top performance for this task when a large amount of labeled data is available. However, the accuracy of CNNs suffers when dealing with few and/or sparsely labeled datasets. A potential solution is to leverage the information available in large public datasets in conjunction with a target dataset which only has limited labeled data. In this paper, we propose a training framework, SSL2 (self-supervised-semi-superv…
Polytechnique Montreal（蒙特利尔理工学院）；University of Montreal（蒙特利尔大学）；CRIUGM（蒙特利尔大学神经科学研究所）
Despite recent improvements in medical image segmentation, the ability to generalize across imaging contrasts remains an open issue. To tackle this challenge, we implement Feature-wise Linear Modulation (FiLM) to leverage physics knowledge within the segmentation model and learn the characteristics of each contrast. Interestingly, a well-optimised U-Net reached the same performance as our FiLMed-Unet on a multi-contrast dataset (0.72 of Dice score), which suggests that there is a bottleneck in spinal MS lesion segmentation different from the generalization across varying contrasts. This bottle…
Automatic segmentation of myocardial contours and relevant areas like infraction and no-reflow is an important step for the quantitative evaluation of myocardial infarction. In this work, we propose a cascaded convolutional neural network for automatic myocardial infarction segmentation from delayed-enhancement cardiac MRI. We first use a 2D U-Net to focus on the intra-slice information to perform a preliminary segmentation. After that, we use a 3D U-Net to utilize the volumetric spatial information for a subtle segmentation. Our method is evaluated on the MICCAI 2020 EMIDEC challenge dataset …
Purpose: We aimed to develop deep machine learning (DL) models to improve the detection and segmentation of intraprostatic lesions (IL) on bp-MRI by using whole amount prostatectomy specimen-based delineations. We also aimed to investigate whether transfer learning and self-training would improve results with small amount labelled data. Methods: 158 patients had suspicious lesions delineated on MRI based on bp-MRI, 64 patients had ILs delineated on MRI based on whole mount prostatectomy specimen sections, 40 patients were unlabelled. A non-local Mask R-CNN was proposed to improve the segmentat…
University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte（勃艮第-弗朗什-孔泰大学）；CASIS inc.（CASIS公司）；University of Sherbrooke（舍布鲁克大学）；University Hospital of Dijon（第戎大学医院）
Deep learning methods are the de-facto solutions to a multitude of medical image analysis tasks. Cardiac MRI segmentation is one such application which, like many others, requires a large number of annotated data so a trained network can generalize well. Unfortunately, the process of having a large number of manually curated images by medical experts is both slow and utterly expensive. In this paper, we set out to explore whether expert knowledge is a strict requirement for the creation of annotated datasets that machine learning can successfully train on. To do so, we gauged the performance o…
Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School（哈佛医学院麻省总医院Martinos生物医学影像中心）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Cornell University（康奈尔大学）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）
Probabilistic atlas priors have been commonly used to derive adaptive and robust brain MRI segmentation algorithms. Widely-used neuroimage analysis pipelines rely heavily on these techniques, which are often computationally expensive. In contrast, there has been a recent surge of approaches that leverage deep learning to implement segmentation tools that are computationally efficient at test time. However, most of these strategies rely on learning from manually annotated images. These supervised deep learning methods are therefore sensitive to the intensity profiles in the training dataset. To…
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia（意大利理工学院）；Simon Fraser University（西蒙弗雷泽大学）；University of Verona（维罗纳大学）；Fondation Campus Biotech（生物科技园区基金会）；University of British Columbia（不列颠哥伦比亚大学）；Fondazione Bruno Kessler（布鲁诺·凯斯勒基金会）
This paper presents a simple and effective generalization method for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) segmentation when data is collected from multiple MRI scanning sites and as a consequence is affected by (site-)domain shifts. We propose to integrate a traditional encoder-decoder network with a regularization network. This added network includes an auxiliary loss term which is responsible for the reduction of the domain shift problem and for the resulting improved generalization. The proposed method was evaluated on multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation from MRI data. We tested the proposed…
Explainability of decisions made by deep neural networks is of high value as it allows for validation and improvement of models. This work proposes an approach to explain semantic segmentation networks by means of layer-wise relevance propagation. As an exemplary application, we investigate which MRI sequences are most relevant for liver tumor segmentation.
Philips Healthcare（飞利浦医疗）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）
Patient motion during the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition process results in motion artifacts, which limits the ability of radiologists to provide a quantitative assessment of a condition visualized. Often times, radiologists either "see through" the artifacts with reduced diagnostic confidence, or the MR scans are rejected and patients are asked to be recalled and re-scanned. Presently, there are many published approaches that focus on MRI artifact detection and correction. However, the key question of the bias exhibited by these algorithms on motion corrupted MRI images is still…
Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute（广东省心血管病研究所）；Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital（广东省人民医院）；Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences（广东省医学科学院）；University of Notre Dame（圣母大学）
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of death globally, and its diagnosis is usually based on manual myocardial segmentation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequences. As the manual segmentation is tedious, time-consuming and with low applicability, automatic myocardial segmentation using machine learning techniques has been widely explored recently. However, almost all the existing methods treat the input MRI sequences independently, which fails to capture the temporal information between sequences, e.g., the shape and location information of the myocardium in sequences …
University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；Sunnybrook Research Institute（桑尼布鲁克研究所）；Western University（西部大学）
Deep artificial neural networks (DNNs) have moved to the forefront of medical image analysis due to their success in classification, segmentation, and detection challenges. A principal challenge in large-scale deployment of DNNs in neuroimage analysis is the potential for shifts in signal-to-noise ratio, contrast, resolution, and presence of artifacts from site to site due to variances in scanners and acquisition protocols. DNNs are famously susceptible to these distribution shifts in computer vision. Currently, there are no benchmarking platforms or frameworks to assess the robustness of new …
University of Surrey（萨里大学）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）；Middlesex University（密德萨斯大学）
Quantification of kidney function in Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) requires careful segmentation of the renal region of interest (ROI). Traditionally, human experts are required to manually delineate the kidney ROI across multiple images in the dynamic sequence. This approach is costly, time-consuming and labour intensive, and therefore acts to limit patient throughout and acts as one of the factors limiting the wider adoption of DCR-MRI in clinical practice. Therefore, to address this issue, we present the first use of Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) as a bas…
University College Dublin（都柏林大学学院）；Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne - Université Paris 12（巴黎东-马恩拉瓦莱大学（巴黎第十二大学））；ADAPT SFI Research Centre（ADAPT SFI研究中心）
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most commonly used non-intrusive technique for medical image acquisition. Brain tumor segmentation is the process of algorithmically identifying tumors in brain MRI scans. While many approaches have been proposed in the literature for brain tumor segmentation, this paper proposes a lightweight implementation of U-Net. Apart from providing real-time segmentation of MRI scans, the proposed architecture does not need large amount of data to train the proposed lightweight U-Net. Moreover, no additional data augmentation step is required. The lightweight U-Ne…
University of Notre Dame（圣母大学）；IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center（IBM托马斯·J·沃森研究中心）；Guangdong General Hospital（广东省人民医院）
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential tool for MRI-guided surgery and real-time intervention. The MRI videos are expected to be segmented on-the-fly in real practice. However, existing segmentation methods would suffer from drastic accuracy loss when modified for speedup. In this work, we propose Multiscale Statistical U-Net (MSU-Net) for real-time 3D MRI video segmentation in cardiac surgical guidance. Our idea is to model the input samples as multiscale canonical form distributions for speedup, while the spatio-temporal correlation is still fully utilized. A parallel stati…
