Coupled multiphysics problems often give rise to interface conditions naturally formulated in fractional Sobolev spaces. Here, both positive and negative fractionality are common. When designing efficient solvers for discretizations of such problems it would then be useful to have a preconditioner for the fractional Laplacian, $(-Δ)^s$, with $s \in [-1,1]$. Previously, additive multigrid preconditioners for the case when $s \geq 0$ have been proposed. In this work we complement this construction with auxiliary space preconditioners suitable when $s \leq 0$. These preconditioners are shown to be spectrally equivalent to $(-Δ)^{-s}$, but requires preconditioners for fractional $H(\operatorname{div})$ operators with positive fractionality. We design such operators based on an additive multigrid approach. We finish with some numerical experiments, verifying the theoretical results.
We propose and analyze a robust BPX preconditioner for the integral fractional Laplacian on bounded Lipschitz domains. For either quasi-uniform grids or graded bisection grids, we show that the condition numbers of the resulting systems remain uniformly bounded with respect to both the number of levels and the fractional power. The results apply also to the spectral and censored fractional Laplacians.
This work introduces nodal auxiliary space preconditioners for discretizations of mixed-dimensional partial differential equations. We first consider the continuous setting and generalize the regular decomposition to this setting. With the use of conforming mixed finite element spaces, we then expand these results to the discrete case and obtain a decomposition in terms of nodal Lagrange elements. In turn, nodal preconditioners are proposed analogous to the auxiliary space preconditioners of Hiptmair and Xu (2007). Numerical experiments show the performance of this preconditioner in the contex…
This work presents uniform preconditioners for the discrete Laplace--Beltrami operator on hypersurfaces. In particular, within the framework of fast auxiliary space preconditioning (FASP), we develop efficient and user-friendly multilevel preconditioners for the Laplace--Beltrami type equation discretized by Lagrange, nonconforming linear, and discontinuous Galerkin elements. The analysis applies to semi-definite problems on a closed surface. Numerical experiments on 2d surfaces and 3d hypersurfaces are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed preconditioners.
We are studying the efficient solution of the system of linear equation stemming from the mass conserving mixed stress (MCS) method discretization of the Stokes equations. To that end we perform static condensation to arrive at a system for the pressure and velocity unknowns. An auxiliary space preconditioner for the positive definite velocity block makes use of efficient and scalable solvers for conforming Finite Element spaces of low order and is analyzed with emphasis placed on the polynomial degree of the discretization. Numerical experiments demonstrate the potential of this approach and …
In the past decade, there are many works on the finite element methods for the fully nonlinear Hamilton--Jacobi--Bellman (HJB) equations with Cordes condition. The linearised systems have large condition numbers, which depend not only on the mesh size, but also on the parameters in the Cordes condition. This paper is concerned with the design and analysis of auxiliary space preconditioners for the linearised systems of $C^0$ finite element discretization of HJB equations [Calcolo, 58, 2021]. Based on the stable decomposition on the auxiliary spaces, we propose both the additive and multiplicat…
An auxiliary space multigrid preconditioner for the weak Galerkin method
University of California, Irvine（加州大学尔湾分校）；National Science Foundation（美国国家科学基金会）；Oklahoma State University（俄克拉荷马州立大学）；University of Arkansas at Little Rock（阿肯色大学小石城分校）
The auxiliary space preconditioner for the de Rham complex
Portland State University（波特兰州立大学）；Institute of Computational Mathematics, Johannes Kepler University（约翰内斯·开普勒大学计算数学研究所）；Center for Applied Scientific Computing, LLNL（劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室应用科学计算中心）
The Electric Field Integral Equation (EFIE) is notorious for its ill-conditioning both in frequency and h-refinement. Several techniques exist for fixing the equation conditioning problems based on hierarchical strategies, Calderon techniques, and related technologies. This work leverages on a new approach, based on the construction of tailored spectral filters for the EFIE components which allow the block renormalization of the EFIE spectrum resulting in a provably constant condition number for the equation. This is achieved without the need for a barycentric refinement and with low computati…
We consider effective preconditioners for solving Laplacians of general weighted graphs. Theoretically, spectral sparsifiers (SSs) provide preconditioners of optimal computational complexity. However, they are not easy to use for real-world applications due to the implementation complications. Multigrid (MG) methods, on the contrary, are computationally efficient but lack of theoretical justifications. To bridge the gap between theory and practice, we adopt ideas of MG and SS methods and proposed preconditioners that can be used in practice with theoretical guarantees. We expand the original g…
In this study, we present an $hp$-multigrid preconditioner for a divergence-conforming HDG scheme for the generalized Stokes and the Navier-Stokes equations using an augmented Lagrangian formulation. Our method relies on conforming simplicial meshes in two- and three-dimensions. The $hp$-multigrid algorithm is a multiplicative auxiliary space preconditioner that employs the lowest-order space as the auxiliary space, and we developed a geometric multigrid method as the auxiliary space solver. For the generalized Stokes problem, the crucial ingredient of the geometric multigrid method is the equ…
We modify the well-known interior penalty finite element discretization method so that it allows for element-by-element assembly. This is possible due to the introduction of additional unknowns associated with the interfaces between neighboring elements. The resulting bilinear form, and a Schur complement (reduced) version of it, are utilized in a number of auxiliary space preconditioners for the original conforming finite element discretization problem. These preconditioners are analyzed on the fine scale and their performance is illustrated on model second order scalar elliptic problems disc…
Due to its significance in terms of wave phenomena a considerable effort has been put into the design of preconditioners for the Helmholtz equation. One option to derive a preconditioner is to apply a multigrid method on a shifted operator. In such an approach, the wavenumber is shifted by some imaginary value. This step is motivated by the observation that the shifted problem can be more efficiently handled by iterative solvers when compared to the standard Helmholtz equation. However, up to now, it is not obvious what the best strategy for the choice of the shift parameter is. It is well kno…
We propose a uniform block-diagonal preconditioner for condensed $H$(div)-conforming HDG schemes for parameter-dependent saddle point problems, including the generalized Stokes equations and the linear elasticity equations. An optimal preconditioner is obtained for the stiffness matrix on the global velocity/displacement space via the auxiliary space preconditioning (ASP) technique \cite{Xu96}. A spectrally equivalent approximation to the Schur complement on the element-wise constant pressure space is also constructed, and an explicit computable exact inverse is obtained via the Woodbury matri…
This paper presents and studies an approach for constructing auxiliary space preconditioners for finite element problems using a constrained nonconforming reformulation, that is based on a proposed modified version of the mortar method. The well-known mortar finite element discretization method is modified to admit a local structure, providing an element-by-element or subdomain-by-subdomain assembly property. This is achieved via the introduction of additional trace finite element spaces and degrees of freedom (unknowns) associated with the interfaces between adjacent elements or subdomains. T…
The auxiliary space preconditioning (ASP) technique is applied to the HDG schemes for three different elliptic problems with a parameter dependent low order term, namely, a symmetric interior penalty HDG scheme for the scalar reaction-diffusion equation, a divergence-conforming HDG scheme for a vectorial reaction-diffusion equation, and a C 0 -continuous interior penalty HDG scheme for the generalized biharmonic equation with a low order term. Uniform preconditioners are obtained for each case and the general ASP theory by J. Xu [21] is used to prove the optimality with respect to the mesh siz…
Robust Preconditioners for DG-Discretizations with Arbitrary Polynomial Degrees
Institut für Geometrie und Praktische Mathematik, RWTH Aachen（亚琛工业大学几何与应用数学研究所）；Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Politecnico di Torino（都灵理工大学数学科学系）
One of the main tools for solving linear systems arising from the discretization of the Helmholtz equation is the shifted Laplace preconditioner, which results from the discretization of a perturbed Helmholtz problem $-Δu - (k^2 + i \varepsilon )u = f$ where $0 \neq \varepsilon \in \mathbb{R}$ is an absorption parameter. In this work we revisit the idea of combining the shifted Laplace preconditioner with two-level deflation and apply it to Helmholtz problems discretized with linear finite elements. We use the convergence theory of GMRES based on the field of values to prove that GMRES applied…
We present a simple discretization scheme for the hypersingular integral representation of the fractional Laplace operator and solver for the corresponding fractional Laplacian problem. Through singularity subtraction, we obtain a regularized integrand that is amenable to the trapezoidal rule with equispaced nodes, assuming a high degree of regularity in the underlying function (i.e., $u\in C^6(R^d)$). The resulting quadrature scheme gives a discrete operator on a regular grid that is translation-invariant and thus can be applied quickly with the fast Fourier transform. For discretizations of …
Tackling Parallelization Challenges of Randomized Preconditioners With Dependency Tracking
University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；North Carolina State University（北卡罗来纳州立大学）；Lawrence Berkeley National Lab（劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室）；Rice University（莱斯大学）；MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab（麻省理工学院-IBM沃森人工智能实验室）；Amazon Web Services（亚马逊云服务）
Multilevel Preconditioning of Discontinuous-Galerkin Spectral Element Methods, Part I: Geometrically Conforming Meshes
RWTH Aachen（亚琛工业大学）；CNRS, UMR 7598, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions（法国国家科学研究中心，联合研究单位7598，雅克-路易·利翁斯实验室）；UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7598, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions（巴黎第六大学，联合研究单位7598，雅克-路易·利翁斯实验室）；Politecnico di Torino（都灵理工大学）
A nonoverlapping spectral additive Schwarz method for interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin discretizations of Anisotropic Elliptic Problems
Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；University of Wisconsin-Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）；State University of New York Polytechnic Institute（纽约州立理工大学）；Worcester Polytechnic Institute（伍斯特理工学院）
The efficient solution of discretisations of coupled systems of partial differential equations (PDEs) is at the core of much of numerical simulation. Significant effort has been expended on scalable algorithms to precondition Krylov iterations for the linear systems that arise. With few exceptions, the reported numerical implementation of such solution strategies is specific to a particular model setup, and intimately ties the solver strategy to the discretisation and PDE, especially when the preconditioner requires auxiliary operators. In this paper, we present recent improvements in the Fire…
