We construct a Lorentz and generally covariant, polynomial action for free chiral $p-$forms, classically equivalent to the Pasti-Sorokin-Tonin (PST) formulation. The minimal set up requires introducing an auxiliary $p-$form on top of the physical gauge $p-$form and the PST scalar. The action enjoys multiple duality symmetries, including those that exchange the roles of physical and auxiliary $p-$form fields. Actions of the same type are available for duality-symmetric formulations, which is demonstrated on the example of the electromagnetic field in four dimensions. There, the degrees of freedom of a single Maxwell field are described employing four distinct vector gauge fields and a scalar field.
We show that a complete covariantization of the chiral constraint in the Floreanini-Jackiw necessitates an infinite number of auxiliary Wess-Zumino fields otherwise the covariantization is only partial and unable to remove the nonlocality in the chiral boson operator. We comment on recent works that claim to obtain covariantization through the use of Batalin-Fradkin-Tyutin method, that uses just one Wess-Zumino field.
We show that the recently found covariant formulation for chiral $p$--forms in $2(p+1)$ dimensions with $p$ even, can be naturally extended to supersymmetric theories. We present the general method for writing covariant actions for chiral bosons and construct, in particular, in six dimensions covariant actions for one tensor supermultiplet, for pure supergravity and for supergravity coupled to an arbitrary number of tensor supermultiplets.
The covariant path integral for chiral bosons obtained by McClain, Wu and Yu is generalized to chiral p-forms. In order to handle the reducibility of the gauge transformations associated with the chiral p-forms and with the new variables (in infinite number) that must be added to eliminate the second class constraints, the field-antifield formalism is used.
We construct a covariant generating function for the spectrum of chiral primaries of symmetric orbifold conformal field theories with N=(4,4) supersymmetry in two dimensions. For seed target spaces K3 and T4, the generating functions capture the SO(21) and SO(5) representation theoretic content of the chiral ring respectively. Via string dualities, we relate the transformation properties of the chiral ring under these isometries of the moduli space to the Lorentz covariance of perturbative string partition functions in flat space.
Light-Front (LF) Hamiltonian for QED in (1+1)-dimensions is constructed using the boson form of this model with additional Pauli-Villars type ultraviolet regularization. Perturbation theory, generated by this LF Hamiltonian, is proved to be equivalent to usual covariant chiral perturbation theory. The obtained LF Hamiltonian depends explicitly on chiral condensate parameters which enter in a form of some coupling constants.
We review a recently developed covariant Lagrangian formulation for $p$--forms with (anti)self-dual field-strengths and present its extension to the supersymmetric case. As explicit examples we construct covariant Lagrangians for six-dimensional models with N=1 rigid and curved supersymmetry.
We derive all covariant and consistent divergence and commutator anomalies of chiral QED$_2$ within the framework of canonical quantization of the fermions. Further, we compute the time evolution of all occurring operators and find that all commutators evolve canonically. We comment on the relation of our results to the finding of a nontrivial U(1)-curvature in gauge-field space.
In the covariant lattice formalism, chiral four-dimensional heterotic string vacua are obtained from certain even self-dual lattices which completely decompose into a left-mover and a right-mover lattice. The main purpose of this work is to classify all right-mover lattices that can appear in such a chiral model, and to study the corresponding left-mover lattices using the theory of lattice genera. In particular, the Smith-Minkowski-Siegel mass formula is employed to calculate a lower bound on the number of left-mover lattices. Also, the known relationship between asymmetric orbifolds and cova…
We apply the heat kernel method to relations between covariant and consistent currents in anomalous chiral gauge theories. Banerjee et al. have shown that the relation between these currents is expressed by a "functional curl" of the covariant current. Using the heat kernel method, we evaluate the functional curl explicitly in arbitrary even dimensions. We also apply the heat kernel method to evaluate Osabe and Suzuki's results of the difference between covariant and consistent currents in two and four dimensions. Applying the arguments of Banerjee et al. to gravitational anomalies, we investi…
We derive the chiral kinetic equation in 8 dimensional phase space in non-Abelian $SU(N)$ gauge field within the Wigner function formalism. By using the "covariant gradient expansion", we disentangle the Wigner equations in four-vector space up to the first order and find that only the time-like component of the chiral Wigner function is independent while other components can be explicit derivative. After further decomposing the Wigner function or equations in color space, we present the non-Abelian covariant chiral kinetic equation for the color singlet and multiplet phase-space distribution …
We first review self-dual (chiral) gauge field theories by studying their Lorentz non-covariant and Lorentz covariant formulations. We next construct a non-Abelian self-dual two-form gauge theory in six dimensions with a spatial direction compactified on a circle. This model reduces to the Yang-Mills theory in five dimensions for a small compactified radius R. The model also reduces to the Lorentz-invariant Abelian self-dual two-form theory when the gauge group is Abelian. The model is expected to describe multiple 5-branes in M-theory. We also discuss its decompactified limit, covariant formu…
Some one-loop diagrams with one and two external baryons/nucleons are revisited using covariant baryon propagators in chiral effective theory. We showed that it is enough to separate and subtract all the local terms that violate chiral power counting to recover chiral power counting, no need to introduce extra operations. The structures of leading chiral corrections and IR enhancement or threshold effects are 'stable' or persist as long as covariant propagators are employed for all particles.
A manifestly Lorentz and diffeomorphism invariant form for the abelian gauge field action with local duality symmetry of Schwarz and Sen is given. Some of the underlying symmetries of the covariant action are further considered. The Noether conserved charge under continuous local duality rotations is found. The covariant couplings with gravity and the axidilaton field are discussed.
We define chiral fermions in the presence of non-trivial gravitational and gauge background fields in the framework of locally covariant field theory. This allows to straightforwardly compute the chiral anomalies on non-compact Lorentzian space-times, without recourse to a weak field approximation.
The equivalence between the covariant and the non-covariant version of a constrained system is shown to hold after quantization in the framework of the field-antifield formalism. Our study covers the cases of Electromagnetism and Yang-Mills fields and sheds light on some aspects of the Faddeev-Popov method, for both the coratiant and non-covariant approaches, which had not been fully clarified in the literature.
We adopt the covariant anomaly cancellation method as well as the effective action approach to obtain the Hawking radiation from the Reissner-Nordström blackhole with a global monopole falling in the class of the most general spherically symmetric charged blackhole $(\sqrt{-g}\neq1)$, using only covariant boundary condition at the event horizon.
We study the construction of covariant nonlinear duality-symmetric actions in dual formulation. Essentially, the construction is the PST-covariantisation and nonlinearisation of Zwanziger action. The covariantisation made use of three auxiliary scalar fields. Apart from these, the construction proceed in a similar way to that of the standard formulation. For example, the theories can be extended to include interactions with external fields, and that the theories possess two local PST symmetries. We then explicitly demonstrate the construction of covariant nonlinear duality-symmetric actions in…
The anomaly implies an obstruction to a fully chiral covariant calculation of the effective action in the abnormal parity sector of chiral theories. The standard approach then is to reconstruct the anomalous effective action from its covariant current. In this work we use a recently introduced formulation which allows to directly construct the non trivial chiral invariant part of the effective action within a fully covariant formalism. To this end we develop an appropriate version of Chan's approach to carry out the calculation within the derivative expansion. The result to four derivatives, i…
The basic characteristics of the covariant chiral current $<J_μ>$ and the covariant chiral energy-momentum tensor $<T_{μν}>$ are obtained from a chiral effective action. These results are used to justify the covariant boundary condition used in recent approaches \cite{Isowilczek,Isoumtwilczek,shailesh,shailesh2,Banerjee} of computing the Hawking flux from chiral gauge and gravitational anomalies. We also discuss a connection of our results with the conventional calculation of nonchiral currents and stress tensors in different (Unruh, Hartle-Hawking and Boulware) states.
A modified generally covariant Yang-Mills action, which depends on the complex structure of spacetime and not its metric, is proved to be renormalizable. This proof makes this Lagrangian model the unique known generally covariant four dimensional model to be renormalizable without higher order derivatives. The first order one-loop diagrams are computed in an appropriate gauge condition and they are found to be finite.
We propose a complete Born-Infeld-like action for a bosonic 5-brane with the worldvolume chiral field in a background of gravitational and antisymmetric gauge fields of D=11 supergravity. When the five-brane couples to a three-rank antisymmetric gauge field local worldvolume symmetries of the five-brane require the addition to the action of an appropriate Wess-Zumino term. To preserve general coordinate and Lorentz invariance of the model we introduce a single auxiliary scalar field. The auxiliary field can be eliminated by gauge fixing a corresponding local symmetry at the price of the loss o…
Covariant actions for the bosonic fields of D=10 IIB supergravity are constructed with the help of a single auxiliary scalar field and in a formulation with an infinite series of auxiliary (anti)-self-dual 5-form fields.
We construct the full effective action including DBI and WZ terms for solitonic 5-branes covariant under T-duality. The result is a completion of results known in the literature to a full T-duality covariant expression. The covariant WZ action includes previously omitted R-R terms. The obtained full covariant effective action reproduces the one obtained by S-duality from the D5-brane upon the correct choice of the covariant charge.
We construct a manifestly diffeomorphic M5-brane action in dual formulation coupled to an eleven-dimensional supergravity target space. The covariantisation is carried out by using (generalised) PST technique with 5 auxiliary scalar fields, which are obtained by using a geometrical consideration as a reduction of an auxiliary 4-form of Maznytsia-Preitschopf-Sorokin. As is typical in PST-covariantised theory, our construction possesses as usual the two local PST symmetries. By using one of the local PST symmetries, the action can be reduced to the non-manifestly covariant M5-brane action in dua…
We give an explicit form of the PST-type SL(2;R)-covariant super D3-brane action for the flat Minkowski background. To this end, we follow the prescription developed by Hatsuda and Kamimura. As an application of the action, we obtain the supercharge of the action by using the standard Noether's method and calculate the Poisson bracket algebra of the supercharge. The central charge of the supersymmetry algebra is given in a manifestly SL(2;R)-covariant way.
We develop a formalism that allows us to write actions for multiple D-branes with manifest general covariance. While the matrix coordinates of the D-branes have a complicated transformation law under coordinate transformations, we find that these may be promoted to (redundant) matrix fields on the transverse space with a simple covariant transformation law. Using these fields, we define a covariant distribution function (a matrix generalization of the delta function which describes the location of a single brane). The final actions take the form of an integral over the curved space of a scalar…
We describe a systematic way of the generalization, to models with non-linear duality, of the space-time covariant and duality-invariant formulation of duality-symmetric theories in which the covariance of the action is ensured by the presence of a single auxiliary scalar field. It is shown that the duality-symmetric action should be invariant under the two local symmetries characteristic of this approach, which impose constraints on the form of the action similar to those of Gaillard and Zumino and in the non-covariant formalism. We show that the (twisted) self-duality condition obtained from…
Using an infinite number of fields, we construct actions for D=4 self-dual Yang-Mills with manifest Lorentz invariance and for D=10 super-Yang-Mills with manifest super-Poincaré invariance. These actions are generalizations of the covariant action for the D=2 chiral boson which was first studied by McClain, Wu, Yu and Wotzasek.
We exploit the expression for the anomalous (chiral) effective action to obtain the Hawking radiation from the GHS (stringy) blackhole falling in the class of the most general spherically symmetric blackholes $(\sqrt{-g}\neq1)$, using only covariant boundary condition at the event horizon. The connection between the anomalous and the normal energy-momentum tensors is also established from the effective action approach.
We consider a supersymmetric extension of the SL(2;Z)-covariant D3-brane action proposed by Nurmagambetov, and prove its kappa-symmetry in an on-shell type-IIB supergravity background.
We describe a canonical covariant formulation of the Green-Schwarz Superstring which allows the construction of a new covariant action canonically equivalent to the Green-Schwarz action but subjected only to first class constraints. From this action the correct BRST operator for the quantization of the Green-Schwarz Superstring may be constructed. Also the gauge fixed action in the Light-Cone gauge may be reobtained. The action presented in this letter generalizes in a non-trivial form the action introduced by Kallosh for the Brink-Schwarz-Casalbuoni Superparticle.
We determine a manifestly SL(2,Z)-covariant kappa-symmetric action for the type IIB (p,q) five-branes as a perturbative expansion in the world-volume field strengths within the framework where the brane tension is generated by a world-volume field. In this formulation the Lagrangian is expected to be polynomial; we construct the kappa-invariant action to fourth order in the world-volume field strengths.
A superspace formulation of IIB supergravity which includes the field strengths of the duals of the usual physical one, three and five-form field strengths as well as the eleven-form field strength is given. The superembedding formalism is used to construct kappa-symmetric SL(2,R) covariant D-brane actions in an arbitrary supergravity background.
In a way analogous to type IIB supergravity, we give a covariant action for the fermion field supplemented with a constraint which should be imposed on equations of motion, in Berkovits' open superstring field theory. From this action we construct Feynman rules for computing perturbative amplitudes for fermions. We show that on-shell tree level 4-point amplitudes computed by using these rules coincide with those of the first quantization formalism.
We demonstrate that an action proposed by A. Khoudeir and N. R. Pantoja in {\sl Phys. Rev.} {\bf D53}, 5974 (1996) for endowing Maxwell theory with manifest electric--magnetic duality symmetry contains, besides the Maxwell field, additional propagating vector degrees of freedom. Hence it cannot be considered as a duality symmetric action for a {\it single} abelian gauge field.
We demonstrate how a Lorentz covariant formulation of the chiral p-form model in D=2(p+1) containing infinitely many auxiliary fields is related to a Lorentz covariant formulation with only one auxiliary scalar field entering a chiral p-form action in a nonpolynomial way. The latter can be regarded as a consistent Lorentz-covariant truncation of the former. We make the Hamiltonian analysis of the model based on the nonpolynomial action and show that the Dirac constraints have a simple form and are all of the first class. In contrast to the Siegel model the constraints are not the square of sec…
We compute -in the saddle point approximation- the partition function for the 2+1 black hole using the Gibbons-Hawking approach. Some issues concerning the definition of thermodynamical ensembles are clarified. It is pointed out that the right action in covariant form is exactly equal to the Chern-Simons action with no added boundary terms. This action is finite, yields the right canonical free energy and has an extremum when the temperature and angular velocity are fixed. The correspondence with a 1+1 $CFT$ is indicated.
For the kappa-symmetric super IIA D-brane action by the canonical approach we construct an equivalent effective action which is characterized by an auxiliary scalar field. By analyzing the canonical equations of motion for the kappa-symmetry-gauge-fixed action we find a suitable conformal-like covariant gauge fixing of reparametrization symmetry to obtain a simplified effective action where the non-linear square root structure is removed. We discuss how the two effective actions are connected.
In the generalized Pauli-Villars regularization of chiral gauge theory proposed by Frolov and Slavnov , it is important to specify how to sum the contributions from an infinite number of regulator fields. It is shown that an explicit sum of contributions from an infinite number of fields in anomaly-free gauge theory essentially results in a specific choice of regulator in the past formulation of covariant anomalies. We show this correspondence by reformulating the generalized Pauli- Villars regularization as a regularization of composite current operators. We thus naturally understand why the …
We point out the existence of a non-perturbative exact nilpotent BRST symmetry for the Gribov-Zwanziger action in the Landau gauge. We then put forward a manifestly BRST invariant resolution of the Gribov gauge fixing ambiguity in the linear covariant gauge.
We extend a previous Landau-gauge study of subtractive renormalization of the fermion propagator Dyson-Schwinger equation (DSE) in strong-coupling, quenched QED_4 to arbitrary covariant gauges. We use the fermion-photon proper vertex proposed by Curtis and Pennington with an additional correction term included to compensate for the small gauge-dependence induced by the ultraviolet regulator. We discuss the chiral limit and the onset of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in the presence of nonperturbative renormalization. We extract the critical coupling in several different gauges and find evi…
We develop an approach based on the Noether method to construct nilpotent BRST charges and BRST-invariant actions. We apply this approach first to the holomorphic part of the flat-space covariant superstring, and we find that the ghosts b, c_z which we introduced by hand in our earlier work, are needed to fix gauge symmetries of the ghost action. Then we apply this technique to the superparticle and determine its cohomology. Finally, we extend our results to the combined left- and right-moving sectors of the superstring.
We present a formalism to determine the imaginary part of a general chiral model in the derivative expansion. Our formalism is based on the worldline path integral for the covariant current that can be given in an explicit chiral and gauge covariant form. The effective action is then obtained by integrating the covariant current, taking account of the anomaly.
We suggest a super Poincaré invariant action for closed eleven dimensional superstring. The sector of physical variables $x^i$, $θ_a$, $\barθ_{\dot a}$, with $a,\dot a=1...8$ and $x^i$ the transverse part of the D=11 $x^μ$ coordinate is shown to possess free dynamics.
The regularization scheme is proposed for the constrained Hamiltonian formulation of the gauge fields coupled to the chiral or axial fermions. The Schwinger terms in the regularized operator first-class constraint algebra are shown to be consistent with the covariant divergence anomaly of the corresponding current. Regularized quantum master equations are studied, and the Schwinger terms are found out to break down both nilpotency of the BRST-charge and its conservation law. Wess-Zumino consistency conditions are studied for the BRST anomaly and they are shown to contradict to the covariant Sc…
We study a problem of systematical evaluation of the quantum corrections for general 4D supersymmetric Kähler sigma models with chiral and antichiral superpotentials. Using manifestly reparametrization covariant techniques (the background-quantum splitting and proper-time representation) in the ${\cal N}=1$ superspace we show how to define unambiguously the one-loop effective action. We introduce the reparametrization covariant derivatives acting on superfields and prove that their algebra is analogous to algebra in super Yang-Mills (SYM) theory. This analogy allows us to use for evaluation of…
We evaluate the sphere level S-matrix element of two tachyons and two massless NS states, the S-matrix element of four tachyons, and the S-matrix element of two tachyons and two Ramon-Ramond vertex operators, in type 0 theory. We then find an expansion for theses amplitudes that their leading order terms correspond to a covariant tachyon action. To the order considered, there are no $T^4$, $T^2(\prt T)^2$, $T^2H^2$, nor $T^2R$ tachyon couplings, whereas, the tachyon couplings $F\bF T$ and $T^2F^2$ are non-zero.
In this work, we extend a theory which describes a linearly self-dual exact 3-form field in six dimensional spacetime within the formalism of arXiv:1511.08220 and arXiv:1903.12196 to an action which fully describes an M5-brane in the eleven-dimensional supergravity background. The action we obtain has all the required symmetries including kappa-symmetry. Although the derivation of the action and the proof the symmetries do not require one to express the action explicitly in terms of the original field contents, we also give an initial attempt to give this expression.
To construct renormalizable gauge model in Bosonic-Fermionic noncommutative (BFNC) superspace, we replace the ordinary products of super Yang-Mills model by BFNC star products. To study the renormalization property of the deformed action, we obtain the one-loop 1PI effective action by using background field method at the first order of BFNC parameters. We also verify the BFNC supergauge invariance of the effective action. Because there are new terms in effective action, the deformed action is not renormalizable. This imply that additional terms should be added to the deformed action.
We derive the low energy effective action of the heterotic superstring in superspace. This is achieved by coupling the covariantly quantized Green-Schwarz superstring of Berkovits to a curved background and requiring that the sigma model has superconformal invariance at tree level and at one loop in $\a'$. Tree level superconformal invariance yields the complete supergravity algebra, and one-loop superconformal invariance the equations of motion of the low energy theory. The resulting low energy theory is old-minimal supergravity coupled to a tensor multiplet. The dilaton is part of the compen…
We extend our prescription for the construction of a covariant and background-independent effective action for scalar quantum field theories to the case where momentum modes below a certain scale are suppressed by the presence of an infrared regulator. The key step is an appropriate choice of the infrared cutoff for which the Ward identity, capturing the information from single-field dependence of the ultraviolet action, continues to be exactly solvable, and therefore, in addition to covariance, manifest background independence of the effective action is guaranteed at any scale. A practical co…
We propose a new formulation of chiral fermions on a lattice, on the basis of a lattice extension of the covariant regularization scheme in continuum field theory. The species doublers do not emerge. The real part of the effective action is just one half of that of Dirac-Wilson fermion and is always gauge invariant even with a finite lattice spacing. The gauge invariance of the imaginary part, on the other hand, sets a severe constraint which is a lattice analogue of the gauge anomaly free condition. For real gauge representations, the imaginary part identically vanishes and the gauge invarian…
We propose a lattice formulation of the chiral fermion which maximally respects the gauge symmetry and simultaneously is free of the unwanted species doublers. The formulation is based on the lattice fermion propagator and composite operators, rather than on the lattice fermion action. The fermionic determinant is defined as a functional integral of an expectation value of the gauge current operator with respect to the background gauge field: The gauge anomaly is characterized as the non-integrability. We perform some perturbative test to confirm the gauge covariance and an absence of the doub…
Taking clues from the recent construction of the covariant action for type II and heterotic string field theories, we construct a manifestly Lorentz covariant action for type IIB supergravity, and discuss its gauge fixing maintaining manifest Lorentz invariance. The action contains a (non-gravitating) free 4-form field besides the usual fields of type IIB supergravity. This free field, being completely decoupled from the interacting sector, has no physical consequence.
By undertaking additional analyses postponed in a previous paper, we complete our construction of a manifestly supersymmetric gauge-covariant regularization of supersymmetric chiral gauge theories. We present the following: An evaluation of the covariant gauge anomaly; a proof of the integrability of the covariant gauge current in anomaly-free cases; a calculation of a one-loop superconformal anomaly in the gauge supermultiplet sector. On the last point, we find that the ghost-anti-ghost supermultiplet and the Nakanishi-Lautrup supermultiplet give rise to BRST exact contributions which, due to…
