Conformal tracking is an innovative track finding strategy adopted for the detector at the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC), a proposed future electron-positron collider. It features a pattern recognition in a conformal-mapped plane using the cellular automaton algorithm to reconstruct the trajectory of charged particles in a magnetic field. The efficiency and robustness of the algorithm are validated using full-simulation studies in the challenging beam-induced background conditions expected for the 3 TeV stage of the CLIC collider. The tracking performance requirements, set by the ambitious CLIC physics programme, have been shown to be met. Moreover, thanks to its flexibility and geometry-agnostic nature, this algorithm was also shown to be easily adaptable to different detector designs and beam conditions.
The physics aims at the proposed future high-energy linear $e^+e^-$ collider CLIC pose challenging demands on the performance of the detector system. In particular, the vertex and tracking detectors have to combine a spatial resolution of a few micrometres and a low material budget with a time-stamping accuracy of a few nanoseconds. For the vertex detector, fine-pitch sensors, dedicated 65nm readout ASICs, fine-pitch bonding techniques using solder bumps or anisotropic conductive films as well as monolithic devices based on Silicon-On-Insulator technology are explored. Fully monolithic CMOS se…
CLIC is a proposed linear $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider with center-of-mass energies of up to $3\,\textrm{TeV}$. Its main objectives are precise top quark and Higgs boson measurements, as well as searches for Beyond Standard Model physics. To meet the physics goals, the vertex and tracking detectors require not only a spatial resolution of a few micrometers and a very low material budget, but also timing capabilities with a precision of a few nanoseconds to allow suppression of beam-induced backgrounds. Different technologies using hybrid silicon detectors are explored for the vertex detectors, such a…
The physics aims at the proposed high-energy $e^+e^-$ collider CLIC pose challenging demands on the performance of the detector system. Precise hit-time tagging, an excellent spatial resolutions, and a low mass are required for the vertex and tracking detectors. To meet these requirements, an all-silicon vertex and tracking detector system is foreseen, for which a broad R&D programme on a variety of novel silicon detector technologies is being pursued. For the ultra-low mass vertex detector, different hybrid technologies with innovative sensor concepts and interconnection techniques are explor…
In order to achieve the challenging requirements on the CLIC vertex detector, a range of technology options have been considered in recent years. One prominent idea is the use of active sensors implemented in a commercial high-voltage CMOS process, capacitively coupled to hybrid pixel readout chips. Recent results have shown the approach to be feasible, though more detailed studies of the performance of such devices, including simulation, are required. The CLICdp collaboration has developed a number of ASICs as part of its vertex detector R&D programme, and here we present results on the perfo…
Significant progress has been made to develop silicon pixel technologies for use in the vertex and tracker regions of the proposed Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) detector design. The electron-positron collisions generated by this linear accelerator provide a clean, low-radiation environment for the inner detectors. However, physics-driven performance targets, the CLIC beam structure, and occupancies from beam-induced backgrounds place challenging requirements on detector technologies for this region. A pixel pitch down to 25 x 25$μ$m$^{-2}$, material budget $\leq$ 0.2-2$\%X_0$ per layer, avera…
The harsh machine background at the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) forms a strong constraint on the design of the innermost part of the tracker. For the CLIC Conceptual Design Report, the detector concepts developed for the International Linear Collider (ILC) were adapted to the CLIC environment. We present the new layout for the Vertex Detector and the Forward Tracking Disks of the CLIC detector concepts, as well as the background levels in these detectors. We also study the dependence of the background rates on technology parameters like thickness of the active layer and detection threshold.
The CLIC Tracker Detector (CLICTD) is a monolithic pixelated sensor chip produced in a $180$ nm imaging CMOS process built on a high-resistivity epitaxial layer. The chip, designed in the context of the CLIC tracking detector study, comprises a matrix of ${16\times128}$ elongated pixels, each measuring ${300\times30}$ $μ$m$^2$. To ensure prompt charge collection, every elongated pixel is segmented in eight sub-pixels, each containing a collection diode and a separate analog front-end. A simultaneous $8$-bit time measurement with $10$ ns time bins and $5$-bit energy measurement with programmabl…
The CLIC Tracker Detector (CLICTD) is a monolithic pixel sensor. It is fabricated in a 180 nm CMOS imaging process, modified with an additional deep low-dose n-type implant to obtain full lateral depletion. The sensor features a small collection diode, which is essential for achieving a low input capacitance. The CLICTD sensor was designed as a technology demonstrator in the context of the tracking detector studies for the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). Its design characteristics are of broad interest beyond CLIC, for HL-LHC tracking detector upgrades. It is produced in two different pixel fl…
The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a concept for a future linear collider that would provide e$^+$e$^-$ collisions at up to 3 TeV. The physics aims require a detector system with excellent jet energy and track momentum resolution, highly efficient flavour tagging and lepton identification capabilities, full geometrical coverage extending to low polar angles, and timing information of the order of nanoseconds to reject beam-induced background. To deal with these requirements, an extensive R&D programme is in place to overcome current technological limits. The CLIC detector concept includes a…
The physics aims at the proposed future CLIC high-energy linear $e^+ e^-$ collider pose challenging demands on the performance of the detector system. In particular the vertex and tracking detectors have to combine precision measurements with robustness against the expected high rates of beam-induced backgrounds. A spatial resolution of a few microns and a material budget down to 0.2\% of a radiation length per vertex-detector layer have to be achieved together with a few nanoseconds time stamping accuracy. These requirements are addressed with innovative technologies in an ambitious detector …
Conformal tracking is an innovative and comprehensive pattern recognition technique using a cellular automaton-based track finding performed in a conformally-mapped space. It is particularly well-suited for light-weight silicon systems with high position resolution, such as the next generation of tracking detectors designed for future electron-positron colliders. The algorithm has been developed and validated with simulated data of the CLICdet tracker. It has demonstrated not only excellent performance in terms of tracking efficiency, fake rate and track parameters resolution but also robustne…
The Compact Linear Collider CLIC is designed to deliver e+e- collisions at a center of mass energy of up to 3 TeV. The detector systems at this collider have to provide highly efficient tracking and excellent jet energy resolution and hermeticity for multi-TeV final states with multiple jets and leptons. In addition, the detector systems have to be capable of distinguishing physics events from large beam-induced background at a crossing frequency of 2 GHz. Like for the detector concepts at the ILC, CLIC detectors are based on event reconstruction using particle flow algorithms. The two detecto…
The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a concept for a future $e^{+}e^{-}$ linear collider with a center-of-mass energy of up to 3 TeV. The design of a CLIC experiment is driven by the requirements related to the physics goals, as well as by the experimental conditions. For example, the short time between two bunch crossings of 0.5 ns and the backgrounds due to beamstrahlung have direct impact on the design of a CLIC experiment. The Silicon Detector (SiD) is one of the concepts currently being discussed as a possible detector for the International Linear Collider (ILC). In this thesis we develo…
CLIC is a proposed linear $e^+e^-$ collider with center-of-mass energies of up to 3 TeV. Its main objectives are precise top quark, Higgs boson and Beyond Standard Model physics. In addition to spatial resolutions of a few micrometers and a very low material budget, the vertex and tracking detectors also require timing capabilities with a precision of a few nanoseconds to allow suppression of beam-induced background particles. Different technologies using hybrid silicon detectors are explored for the vertex detectors, such as dedicated 65 nm readout ASICs, small-pitch sensors as well as bondin…
The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear e$^+$e$^-$ collider under development by international collaborations hosted by CERN. This document provides an overview of the design, technology, and implementation aspects of the CLIC accelerator and the detector. For an optimal exploitation of its physics potential, CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages, at centre-of-mass energies of 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV, for a site length ranging between 11 km and 50 km. CLIC uses a two-beam acceleration scheme, in which normal-conducting high-gradient 12 GHz acce…
The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a high-energy high-luminosity linear electron-positron collider under development. It is foreseen to be built and operated in three stages, at centre-of-mass energies of 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV, respectively. It offers a rich physics program including direct searches as well as the probing of new physics through a broad set of precision measurements of Standard Model processes, particularly in the Higgs-boson and top-quark sectors. The precision required for such measurements and the specific conditions imposed by the beam dimensions and time structure …
