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arXiv 1906.09657hep-thgr-qc
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天桥真空衰减

Flyover vacuum decay

Jose J. Blanco-Pillado, Heling Deng, Alexander Vilenkin

摘要:

我们使用解析估计和数值模拟来探索真空衰变的随机方法。根据这种方法,处于局域真空态的标量场的时间导数产生大的涨落,并且场\flies越过势垒到达另一个真空。初始涨落的概率分布是量子力学的,而随后的非线性演化是由经典动力学决定的。我们发现,在各种情况下,这种飞越过渡的速率具有相同的参数形式的隧道过渡计算使用瞬子方法,不同的只是一个数值因子O(1)的指数。一个重要的例外是从德西特真空到更高能量的德西特真空状态的“向上”转变。在这种情况下,跨接转换的速率在参数上是不同的,并且可以比隧穿高许多数量级。这一结果与量子德西特空间作为热态的传统图景相冲突。我们的数值模拟表明,在飞越过渡的气泡成核动力学是相当不同的标准图片。这种差异对于平坦空间中的薄壁气泡来说尤其明显,在那里,过渡区在真真空和假真空之间振荡,直到形成一个向内和向外膨胀的真真空壳层,而对于向上的德西特过渡,膨胀的新真空区包含在黑洞内部。

英文摘要:

We use analytic estimates and numerical simulations to explore the stochastic approach to vacuum decay. According to this approach, the time derivative of a scalar field, which is in a local vacuum state, develops a large fluctuation and the field \flies over" a potential barrier to another vacuum. The probability distribution for the initial fluctuation is found quantum mechanically, while the subsequent nonlinear evolution is determined by classical dynamics. We find in a variety of cases that the rate of such flyover transitions has the same parametric form as that of tunneling transitions calculated using the instanton method, differing only by a numerical factor O(1) in the exponent. An important exception is an "upward" transition from a de Sitter vacuum to a higher-energy de Sitter vacuum state. The rate of flyover transitions in this case is parametrically different and can be many orders of magnitude higher than tunneling. This result is in conflict with the conventional picture of quantum de Sitter space as a thermal state. Our numerical simulations indicate that the dynamics of bubble nucleation in flyover transitions is rather different from the standard picture. The difference is especially strong for thin-wall bubbles in flat space, where the transition region oscillates between true and false vacuum until a true vacuum shell is formed which expands both inwards and outwards, and for upward de Sitter transitions, where the inflating new vacuum region is contained inside of a black hole.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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