arXiv 0907.16382009-07-09quant-phgr-qchep-th

真空涨落抑制对原子衰变率的影响

Effects of Vacuum Fluctuation Suppression on Atomic Decay Rates

L. H. Ford, Thomas A. Roman

备注：: 19 pages, 3 figures
发表信息：: Annals Phys.326:2294,2011
DOI：: 10.1016/j.aop.2011.04.004

摘要：

将研究利用原子衰变率作为亚真空现象的探测器。由于电磁真空涨落对激发态原子的辐射衰变是必不可少的，因此衰变率可以作为非经典态（如压缩真空态）中真空涨落抑制的度量。在这种状态下，电场或能量密度的平方的重整化期望值可以周期性地为负，表示真空波动的抑制。我们探讨原子衰变可用于测量均方电场或能量密度的程度。我们考虑一个方案，其中处于激发态的原子通过一个最低模包含非经典态光子的封闭腔。在某些情况下，由于非经典态而引起的腔中原子的衰变概率的变化可以作为腔中均方电场或能量密度的度量。我们推导出一个量子不等式约束的减少，在这个概率。我们还表明，衰减率的降低有时可以是负能量密度或负平方电场的量度。我们对这种效应的大小进行了一些估计，这表明实验测试是可能的。

英文摘要：

The use of atomic decay rates as a probe of sub-vacuum phenomena will be studied. Because electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations are essential for radiative decay of excited atomic states, decay rates can serve as a measure of the suppression of vacuum fluctuation in non-classical states, such as squeezed vacuum states. In such states the renormalized expectation value of the square of the electric field or the energy density can be periodically negative, representing suppression of vacuum fluctuations. We explore the extent to which atomic decays can be used to measure the mean squared electric field or energy density. We consider a scheme in which atoms in an excited state transit a closed cavity whose lowest mode contains photons in a non-classical state. The change in the decay probability of the atom in the cavity due to the non-classical state can, under certain circumstances, serve as a measure of the mean squared electric field or energy density in the cavity. We derive a quantum inequality bound on the decrease in this probability. We also show that the decrease in decay rate can sometimes be a measure of negative energy density or negative squared electric field. We make some estimates of the magnitude of this effect, which indicate that an experimental test might be possible.

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