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arXiv 1906.04768math.CO
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图上线性系的计数

Enumerating linear systems on graphs

Sarah Brauner, Forrest Glebe, David Perkinson

摘要:

图的因子理论将有限连通图$G$视为黎曼曲面的离散版本。$G$上的因子是$G$的顶点的形式积分组合,并且因子的线性等价性由$G$的离散拉普拉斯算子确定。在黎曼曲面的情况下,我们感兴趣的是完全线性系$|D|$的一个因子$D$-收集非负因子线性等价于$D$。与黎曼曲面的情况不同,图上因子的完全线性系总是有限的。我们计算生成函数编码的大小$G$上的所有完全线性系,并解释我们的结果在多面体与因子和不变量理论的(对偶的)雅可比群的$G$。如果$G$是一个圈图,我们的结果导致一个双射之间的完全线性系和二元项链。最后一节将我们的结果推广到基于积分$M$ -矩阵的模型。

英文摘要:

The divisor theory of graphs views a finite connected graph $G$ as a discrete version of a Riemann surface. Divisors on $G$ are formal integral combinations of the vertices of $G$, and linear equivalence of divisors is determined by the discrete Laplacian operator for $G$. As in the case of Riemann surfaces, we are interested in the complete linear system $|D|$ of a divisor $D$---the collection of nonnegative divisors linearly equivalent to $D$. Unlike the case of Riemann surfaces, the complete linear system of a divisor on a graph is always finite. We compute generating functions encoding the sizes of all complete linear systems on $G$ and interpret our results in terms of polyhedra associated with divisors and in terms of the invariant theory of the (dual of the) Jacobian group of $G$. If $G$ is a cycle graph, our results lead to a bijection between complete linear systems and binary necklaces. The final section generalizes our results to a model based on integral $M$-matrices.

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