Entropy numbers are an important tool for quantifying the compactness of operators. Besides establishing new upper bounds on the entropy numbers of diagonal operators $D_σ$ from $\ell_p$ to $\ell_q$, where $p\not=q$, we investigate the optimality of these bounds. In case of $p<q$ optimality is proven for fast decaying diagonal sequences, which include exponentially decreasing sequences. In case of $p>q$ we show optimality under weaker assumption than previously used in the literature. In addition, we illustrate the benefit of our results with examples not covered in the literature so far.
Let $M_1$ and $M_2$ be functions on $[0,1]$ such that $M_1(t^{1/p})$ and $M_2(t^{1/p})$ are Orlicz functions for some $p \in (0,1].$ Assume that $M_2^{-1} (1/t)/M_1^{-1} (1/t)$ is non-decreasing for $t \geq 1.$ Let $(α_i)_{i=1}^\infty$ be a non-increasing sequence of non-negative real numbers. Under some conditions on $(α_i)_{i=1}^\infty,$ sharp two-sided estimates for entropy numbers of diagonal operators $T_α:\ell_{M_1} \rightarrow \ell_{M_2}$ generated by $(α_i)_{i=1}^\infty,$ where $\ell_{M_1}$ and $\ell_{M_2}$ are Orlicz sequence spaces, are proved. The results generalise some works of Ed…
The classical Szegö theorems study the asymptotic behaviour of the determinants of the finite sections $P_n T(a) P_n$ of Toeplitz operators, i.e., of operators which have constant entries along each diagonal. We generalize these results to operators which have almost periodic functions on their diagonals.
This paper extends the well-known Ringrose theory for compact operators to polynomially Riesz operators on Banach spaces. The particular case of an ideal-triangularizable Riesz operator on an order continuous Banach lattice yields that the spectrum of such operator lies on its diagonal, which motivates the systematic study of an abstract diagonal of a regular operator on an order complete vector lattice $E$. We prove that the class $\mathscr D$ of regular operators for which the diagonal coincides with the atomic diagonal is always a band in $\mathcal L_r(E)$, which contains the band of abstra…
As applications of Kadison's Pythageorean and carpenter's theorems, the Schur-Horn theorem, and Thompson's theorem, we obtain an extension of Thompsons theorem to compact operators and use these ideas to give a characterization of diagonals of unitary operators. Thompson's mysterious inequality concerning the last terms of the diagonal and singular value sequences plays a central role.
We study extendibility of diagonal multilinear operators from $\ell_p$ to $\ell_q$ spaces. We determine the values of $p$ and $q$ for which every diagonal $n$-linear operator is extendible, and those for which the only extendible ones are integral. We address the same question for multilinear forms on $\ell_p$.
We construct a Hereditarily Indecomposable Banach space $\eqs_d$ with a Schauder basis \seq{e}{n} on which there exist strictly singular non-compact diagonal operators. Moreover, the space $\mc{L}_{\diag}(\eqs_d)$ of diagonal operators with respect to the basis \seq{e}{n} contains an isomorphic copy of $\ell_{\infty}(\N)$.
In this paper, we prove that every diagonal operator on a Hilbert space of which is of multiplicity one and has perfect spectrum admits a rank one perturbation without eigenvalues. This answers a question of Ionascu.
We analyze the interplay between maximal/minimal/adjoint ideals of multilinear operators (between sequence spaces) and their associated Köthe sequence spaces. We establish relationships with spaces of multipliers and apply these results to describe diagonal multilinear operators from Lorentz sequence spaces. We also define and study some properties of the ideal of $(E;p)$-summing multilinear mappings, a natural extension of the linear ideal of absolutely $(E;p)$-summing operators.
We prove that a nonzero idempotent is zero-diagonal if and only if it is not a Hilbert-Schmidt perturbation of a projection, along with other useful equivalences. Zero-diagonal operators are those whose diagonal entries are identically zero in some basis. We also prove that any bounded sequence appears as the diagonal of some idempotent operator, thereby providing a characterization of inner products of dual frame pairs in infinite dimensions. Furthermore, we show that any absolutely summable sequence whose sum is a positive integer appears as the diagonal of a finite rank idempotent.
We introduce new techniques allowing one to construct diagonals of bounded Hilbert space operators and operator tuples under "Blaschke-type" assumptions. This provides a new framework for a number of results in the literature and identifies, often large, subsets in the set of diagonals of arbitrary bounded operators (and their tuples). Moreover, our approach leads to substantial generalizations of the results due to Bourin, Herrero and Stout having assumptions of a similar nature.
Given a finite set $X\subseteq\R$ we characterize the diagonals of self-adjoint operators with spectrum $X$. Our result extends the Schur-Horn theorem from a finite dimensional setting to an infinite dimensional Hilbert space analogous to Kadison's theorem for orthogonal projections and the second author's result for operators with three point spectrum.
We provide a survey of the current state of the study of diagonals of operators, especially selfadjoint operators. In addition, we provide a few new results made possible by recent work of Müller-Tomilov and Kaftal-Loreaux. This is an expansion of the second author's lecture part II at OT27.
In this paper we give exact values of the best $n$-term approximation widths of diagonal operators between $\ell_p(\mathbb{N})$ and $\ell_q(\mathbb{N})$ with $0<p,q\leq \infty$. The result will be applied to obtain the asymptotic constants of best $n$-term approximation widths of embeddings of function spaces with mixed smoothness by trigonometric system.
In this paper, we provide a sublinear function $p$ on ordered Banach spaces, which depends on the order structure of the space. With respect to this $p$, we study the relation between $p$-contractivity of positive semigroups and the $p$-dissipativity of its generators. The positive off-diagonal property of generators is also studied in ordered vector spaces.
We analyse various exponential off-diagonal decay rates of the elements of infinite matrices and their inverses. It is known that such decay of the elements of an infinite matrix does not imply inverse--closeness, i.e. the inverse, if exists, does not have the same order of decay. We discuss some consequences and extensions of this result.
Given a Banach space~$X$ with an unconditional basis, we consider the following question: does the identity on~$X$ factor through every operator on~$X$ with large diagonal relative to the unconditional basis? We show that on Gowers' unconditional Banach space, there exists an operator for which the answer to the question is negative. By contrast, for any operator on the mixed-norm Hardy spaces $H^p(H^q)$, where $1 \leq p,q < \infty$, with the bi-parameter Haar system, this problem always has a positive solution. The spaces $L^p, 1 < p < \infty$, were treated first by Andrew~[{\em Studia Math.}…
We study the Hodge-Dirac operators $\mathcal{D}$ associated with a class of non-symmetric Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators $\mathcal{L}$ in infinite dimensions. For $p\in (1,\infty)$ we prove that $i\mathcal{D}$ generates a $C_0$-group in $L^p$ with respect to the invariant measure if and only if $p=2$ and $\mathcal{L}$ is self-adjoint. An explicit representation of this $C_0$-group in $L^2$ is given and we prove that it has finite speed of propagation. Furthermore we prove $L^2$ off-diagonal estimates for various operators associated with $\mathcal{L}$, both in the self-adjoint and the non-self-a…
We characterize diagonals of unbounded self-adjoint operators on a Hilbert space H that have only discrete spectrum, i.e., with empty essential spectrum. Our result extends the Schur-Horn theorem from a finite dimensional setting to an infinite dimensional Hilbert space, analogous to Kadison's theorem for orthogonal projections, Kaftal and Weiss' results for positive compact operators, and Bownik and Jasper's characterization for operators with finite spectrum. Furthermore, we show that if a symmetric unbounded operator E on H has a nondecreasing unbounded diagonal, then any sequence that weak…
In this note we characterize the essential numerical range of a block diagonal o\-pe\-ra\-tor $T=\bigoplus_i T_i$ in terms of the numerical ranges $\{W(T_i)\}_i$ of its components. Specifically, the essential numerical range of $T$ is the convex hull of the limit superior of $\{W(T_i)\}_i$. This characterization can be simplified further. In fact, we prove the existence of a decomposition of $T$ for which the convex hull is not required.
Given a complex, separable Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$, we characterize those operators for which $\| P T (I-P) \| = \| (I-P) T P \|$ for all orthogonal projections $P$ on $\mathcal{H}$. When $\mathcal{H}$ is finite-dimensional, we also obtain a complete characterization of those operators for which $\mathrm{rank}\, (I-P) T P = \mathrm{rank}\, P T (I-P)$ for all orthogonal projections $P$. When $\mathcal{H}$ is infinite-dimensional, we show that any operator with the latter property is normal, and its spectrum is contained in either a line or a circle in the complex plane.
In this paper we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a linear bounded operator in a Hilbert space $H$ to have a three-diagonal complex symmetric matrix with non-zero elements on the first sub-diagonal in an orthonormal basis in $H$. It is shown that a set of all such operators is a proper subset of a set of all complex symmetric operators with a simple spectrum. Similar necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for a linear bounded operator in $H$ to have a three-diagonal complex skew-symmetric matrix with non-zero elements on the first sub-diagonal in an orthonormal basis in…
For a series of free $R$-diagonal operators, we prove an analogue of the three series theorem. We show that a series of free $R$-diagonal operators converges almost uniformly if and if two numerical series converge.
We show that the set of all possible constant diagonals of a bounded Hilbert space operator is always convex. This, in particular, answers an open question of J.-C. Bourin ($2003$). Moreover, we show that the joint numerical range of a commuting operator tuple is in general not convex, which fills a gap in the literature. We also prove that the Asplund-Ptak numerical range (which is convex for pairs of operators) is, in general, not convex for tuples of operators.
We provide a characterization of the Banach spaces $X$ with a Schauder basis $(e_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ which have the property that the dual space $X^*$ is naturally isomorphic to the space $\mathcal{L}_{diag}(X)$ of diagonal operators with respect to $(e_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ . We also construct a Hereditarily Indecomposable Banach space ${\mathfrak X}_D$ with a Schauder basis $(e_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ such that ${\mathfrak X}^*_D$ is isometric to $\mathcal{L}_{diag}({\mathfrak X}_D)$ with these Banach algebras being Hereditarily Indecomposable. Finally, we show that every $T\in \mathcal{L}_{dia…
We study the existence and characterization properties of compact Hermitian operators C on a separable Hilbert space H such that ||C|| is less or equal than || C + D ||, for all D in D(K(H)). This property is equivalent to || C || = min{||C+D||: D in D(K(H))} = dist (C,D(K(H))), where D(K(H)) denotes the space of compact diagonal operators in a fixed base of H and ||.|| is the operator norm. We also exhibit a positive trace class operator that fails to attain the minimum in a compact diagonal.
Let $A = (a_{j,k})_{j,k=-\infty}^\infty$ be a bounded linear operator on $l^2(\mathbb{Z})$ whose diagonals $D_n(A) = (a_{j,j-n})_{j=-\infty}^\infty\in l^\infty(\mathbb{Z})$ are almost periodic sequences. For certain classes of such operators and under certain conditions, we are going to determine the asymptotics of the determinants $\det A_{n_1,n_2}$ of the finite sections of the operator $A$ as their size $n_2 - n_1$ tends to infinity. Examples of such operators include block Toeplitz operators and the almost Mathieu operator.
We find a Gaussian off-diagonal heat kernel estimate for uniformly elliptic operators with measurable coefficients acting on regions $Ω\subseteq\real^N$, where the order $2m$ of the operator satisfies $N<2m$. The estimate is expressed using certain Riemannian-type metrics, and a geometrical result is established allowing conversion of the estimate into terms of the usual Riemannian metric on $Ω$. Work of Barbatis is applied to find the best constant in this expression.
We consider the resolvent $(λ-a)^{-1}$ of any $R$-diagonal operator $a$ in a $\mathrm{II}_1$-factor. Our main theorem gives a universal asymptotic formula for the norm of such a resolvent. En route to its proof, we calculate the $R$-transform of the operator $|λ-c|^2$ where $c$ is Voiculescu's circular operator, and give an asymptotic formula for the negative moments of $|λ-a|^2$ for any $R$-diagonal $a$. We use a mixture of complex analytic and combinatorial techniques, each giving finer information where the other can give only coarse detail. In particular, we introduce {\em partition struct…
The problem of block diagonalization for diagonally dominant symmetric block operator matrices with self-adjoint diagonal entries is considered. We show that a reasonable block diagonalization with respect to a reducing graph subspace requires a related skew-symmetric operator to be a strong solution to the associated Riccati equation. Under mild additional regularity conditions, we also establish that this skew-symmetric operator is a strong solution to the Riccati equation if and only if the graph subspace is reducing for the given operator matrix. These regularity conditions are shown to be…
The eigenvalues of a self-adjoint nxn matrix A can be put into a decreasing sequence $λ=(λ_1,...,λ_n)$, with repetitions according to multiplicity, and the diagonal of A is a point of $R^n$ that bears some relation to $λ$. The Schur-Horn theorem characterizes that relation in terms of a system of linear inequalities. We give a new proof of the latter result for positive trace-class operators on infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces, generalizing results of one of us on the diagonals of projections. We also establish an appropriate counterpart of the Schur inequalities that relate spectral proper…
We show that every R-diagonal operator x has a continuous family of invariant subspaces relative to the von Neumann algebra generated by x. This allows us to find the Brown measure of x and to find a new conceptual proof that Voiculescu's S-transform is multiplicative. Our considerations base on a new concept of R-diagonality with amalgamation, for which we give several equivalent characterizations.
We generalize several inequalities involving powers of the numerical radius for off-diagonal part of $2\times2$ operator matrices of the form $T=\left[\begin{array}{cc} 0&B, C&0 \end{array}\right]$, where $B, C$ are two operators. In particular, if $T=\left[\begin{array}{cc} 0&B, C&0 \end{array}\right]$, then we get \begin{align*} {1\over 2^{{3\over2}(r-1)}}\max\{ \| μ\|, \| η\| \} \leq w^{r}(T)\leq \frac{1}{2^{r+1}} \max\{ \| μ\|, \| η\| \}, \end{align*} where $r\geq 2$ and $ μ=|(C-B^{*})+i(C+B^{*})|^{r}+|(B^{*}-C)+i(C+B^{*})|^{r}$, $ η=|(B-C^{*})+i(B+C^{*})|^{r}+|(C^{*}-B)+i(B+C^{*})|^{r}$.
In this dissertation I establish that a broad class of Banach *-algebras of infinite integral operators, defined by the property that the kernels of the elements of the algebras possess subexponential off-diagonal decay, is inverse closed in the Banach space of bounded linear operators on the Hilbert space of square-integrable functions. I also show that the algebras under consideration are symmetric. In the second part of this dissertation, I present the results of the IEEE Transactions on Communications paper written jointly by Thomas Strohmer and me. We develop a comprehensive framework for…
