arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1902.08871physics.bio-phcond-mat.softq-bio.TO
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上皮组织的主动润湿

Active wetting of epithelial tissues

Carlos Pérez-González, Ricard Alert, Carles Blanch-Mercader, Manuel Gómez-González, Tomasz Kolodziej, Elsa Bazellières, Jaume Casademunt, Xavier Trepat

摘要:

发育、再生和癌症涉及组织形态的急剧转变。与惰性流体的行为类似,这些转变中的一些被解释为润湿转变。然而,这种类比的有效性和范围尚不清楚,因为驱动组织润湿的活跃细胞力既没有被测量也没有被理论解释。在这里,我们表明,2D上皮单层和3D球状聚集体之间的过渡可以理解为一个主动润湿过渡,其物理性质从根本上不同于被动润湿现象。通过结合一个积极的极性流体模型与测量的物理力作为一个功能的组织大小,收缩性,细胞-细胞和细胞-基板的粘附性,和基板的刚度,我们表明,润湿过渡的结果之间的竞争牵引力和收缩细胞间的应力。这种竞争定义了一个新的内在的长度尺度,产生了一个临界尺寸的润湿过渡组织,一个引人注目的功能,没有对应的经典润湿。最后,我们表明,积极的形状波动动态放大组织去湿。总体而言,我们的结论是,组织蔓延构成了一个突出的例子主动润湿-一种新的物理场景,可以解释组织形态发生和肿瘤进展过程中的形态转变。

英文摘要:

Development, regeneration and cancer involve drastic transitions in tissue morphology. In analogy with the behavior of inert fluids, some of these transitions have been interpreted as wetting transitions. The validity and scope of this analogy are unclear, however, because the active cellular forces that drive tissue wetting have been neither measured nor theoretically accounted for. Here we show that the transition between 2D epithelial monolayers and 3D spheroidal aggregates can be understood as an active wetting transition whose physics differs fundamentally from that of passive wetting phenomena. By combining an active polar fluid model with measurements of physical forces as a function of tissue size, contractility, cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion, and substrate stiffness, we show that the wetting transition results from the competition between traction forces and contractile intercellular stresses. This competition defines a new intrinsic lengthscale that gives rise to a critical size for the wetting transition in tissues, a striking feature that has no counterpart in classical wetting. Finally, we show that active shape fluctuations are dynamically amplified during tissue dewetting. Overall, we conclude that tissue spreading constitutes a prominent example of active wetting --- a novel physical scenario that may explain morphological transitions during tissue morphogenesis and tumor progression.

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