Jonas Schmitz, Hendrik M. Meyer, Michael Köhl
We have constructed an apparatus containing a linear ion trap and a high-finesse optical cavity in the ultraviolet spectral range. In our construction, we have avoided all organic materials inside the ultrahigh vacuum chamber. We show that, unlike previously reported, the optical cavity does not degrade in performance over a time scale of 9 months.
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We have built a microwave Fabry-Perot resonator made of diamond-machined copper mirrors coated with superconducting niobium. Its damping time (Tc = 130 ms at 51 GHz and 0.8 K) corresponds to a finesse of 4.6 x 109, the highest ever reached for a Fabry-Perot in any frequency range. This result opens novel perspectives for quantum information, decoherence and non-locality studies.
We have realized a fiber-based Fabry-Perot cavity with CO2 laser-machined mirrors. It combines very small size, high finesse F>=130000, small waist and mode volume, and good mode matching between the fiber and cavity modes. This combination of features is a major advance for cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED), as shown in recent CQED experiments with Bose-Einstein condensates enabled by this cavity [Y. Colombe et al., Nature 450, 272 (2007)]. It should also be suitable for a wide range of other applications, including coupling to solid-state emitters, gas detection at the single-particle le…
High-finesse nanofiber Fabry-Pérot resonator in a portable storage container
本文利用双端反射光谱表征高精细度纳米纤维 Fabry–Pérot 谐振器，并设计充氮便携式容器，将一周额外光学损耗控制在0.08%以下。
Fiber Fabry-Perot cavities, formed by micro-machined mirrors on the end-facets of optical fibers, are used in an increasing number of technical and scientific applications, where they typically require precise stabilization of their optical resonances. Here, we study two different approaches to construct fiber Fabry-Perot resonators and stabilize their length for experiments in cavity quantum electrodynamics with neutral atoms. A piezo-mechanically actuated cavity with feedback based on the Pound-Drever-Hall locking technique is compared to a novel rigid cavity design that makes use of the hig…
We demonstrate the fabrication of ultra-low-loss, all-fiber Fabry-Pérot cavities containing a nanofiber section, optimized for cavity quantum electrodynamics. By continuously monitoring the finesse and fiber radius during fabrication of a nanofiber between two fiber Bragg gratings, we are able to precisely evaluate taper transmission as a function of radius. The resulting cavities have an internal round-trip loss of only 0.31% at a nanofiber waist radius of 207 nm, with a total finesse of 1380, and a maximum expected internal cooperativity of $\sim$ 1050 for a cesium atom on the nanofiber surf…
In recent years quantum phenomena have been experimentally demonstrated on variety of optomechanical systems ranging from micro-oscillators to photonic crystals. Since single photon couplings are quite small, most experimental approaches rely on the realization of high finesse Fabry-Perot cavities in order to enhance the effective coupling. Here we show that by exploiting a, long path, low finesse fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer ground state cooling can be achieved. We model a 100 m long cavity with a finesse of 10 and analyze the impact of additional noise sources arising from the fiber. As …
Light scattering by a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab (PCS) can result in dramatic interference effects associated with Fano resonances. Such devices offer appealing alternatives to distributed Bragg reflectors or filters for various applications such as optical wavelength and polarization filters, reflectors, semiconductor lasers, photodetectors, bio-sensors, or non-linear optical components. Suspended PCSs also find natural applications in the field of optomechanics, where the mechanical modes of a suspended slab interact via radiation pressure with the optical field of a high finesse …
We demonstrate fiber Fabry-Perot (FFP) cavities with concave mirrors that can be operated at cavity lengths as large as 1.5mm without significant deterioration of the finesse. This is achieved by using a laser dot machining technique to shape spherical mirrors with ultralow roughness and employing single-mode fibers with large mode area for good mode matching to the cavity. Additionally, in contrast to previous FFPs, these cavities can be used over an octave-spanning frequency range with adequate coatings. We also show directly that shape deviations caused by the fiber's index profile lead to …
Realization of strong coupling between deterministic single-atom arrays and a high-finesse miniature optical cavity
本文实验实现了确定性单原子阵列与高精细度微型腔的强耦合，验证了耦合强度随原子数N的√N集体增强规律。
High-finesse, open-geometry microcavities have recently emerged as a versatile tool for enhancing interactions between photons and material systems, with a range of applications in quantum optics and quantum information science. However, mechanical vibrations pose a considerable challenge to their operation within a closed-cycle cryostat, particularly when spatial tunability and free-space optical access are required. Here, we present the design and characterization of a system that can achieve $\sim$16 pm-rms passive mechanical stability between two high-finesse mirrors while permitting both …
We study a dispersion-compensated high-finesse optical Fabry-Perot microcavity under high-intensity cw pumping. The Kerr non-linearity in the optical coatings causes a spontaneous four-wave mixing process, which leads to the emission of time-correlated photon pairs. The photon frequencies are shifted by $\pm 1$ free spectral range relative to the pump frequency. This setup allows for constructing a photon-pair source with precisely adjustable frequency difference between the emitted photons, which may have applications in quantum communication.
We study spontaneous emission of an atom near a nanofiber with two fiber-Bragg-grating (FBG) mirrors. We show that the coupling between the atom and the guided modes of the nanofiber can be significantly enhanced by the FBG cavity even when the cavity finesse is moderate. We find that, when the fiber radius is 200 nm and the cavity finesse is about 30, up to 94% of spontaneous emission from the atom can be channeled into the guided modes in the overdamped-cavity regime. We show numerically and analytically that vacuum Rabi oscillations and strong coupling can occur in the FBG cavity even when …
Optical microcavities allow to strongly confine light in small mode volumes and with long photon lifetimes. This confinement significantly enhances the interaction between light and matter inside the cavity, with applications such as optical trapping and cooling of nanoparticles, single-photon emission enhancement, quantum information processing, and sensing. For many applications, open resonators with direct access to the mode volume are necessary. Here we report on a scalable, open-access optical microcavity platform with mode volumes < 30 $λ^3$ and finesse approaching $5x10^5$. This result …
We report the experimental observation of the photothermal effect. The measurements are performed by modulating the laser power absorbed by the mirrors of two high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavities. The results are very well described by a recently proposed theoretical model [M. Cerdonio, L. Conti, A. Heidmann and M. Pinard, Phys. Rev. D 63 (2001) 082003], confirming the correctness of such calculations. Our observations and quantitative characterization of the photothermal effect demonstrate its critical importance for high sensitivity interferometric displacement measurements, as those necessary …
We experimentally realize a Fabry-Perot-type optical microresonator near the cesium D2 line wavelength based on a tapered optical fiber, equipped with two fiber Bragg gratings which enclose a sub-wavelength diameter waist. Owing to the very low taper losses, the finesse of the resonator reaches F = 86 while the on-resonance transmission is T = 11 %. The characteristics of our resonator fulfill the requirements of non-linear optics and cavity quantum electrodynamics in the strong coupling regime. In combination with its demonstrated ease of use and its advantageous mode geometry, it thus opens …
We have fabricated an atom chip device which combines the circuitry for magnetic trapping of cold atoms with high-finesse optical resonators suitable for cavity QED in the single-atom strong coupling regime. Fabry-Perot optical resonators with finesse F > 2 X 10^5 were formed between a micropatterned on-chip planar mirror with lateral dimension of < 100 um and a curved mirror suspended above the chip. The strong and rapid thermal coupling between on-chip electrical and optical elements was utilized to stabilize the cavity mirror separation with servo bandwidth exceeding 100 kHz during simulate…
Coherent control of the spatial properties of light is central to a wide variety of applications from high bandwidth quantum and classical communication to high power fiber lasers. Low-loss conversion amongst a complete and orthogonal set of modes is particularly important for robust mode-multiplexed communication. Here, we introduce tunable impedance mismatch between coupled Fabry-Pérot resonators as a powerful tool for manipulation of the spatial and temporal properties of optical fields. In the single-mode regime, frequency dependent impedance matching enables tunable finesse optical resona…
Thermal tuning of a fiber-integrated Fabry-Pérot cavity
本文研究光纤集成法布里-珀罗腔的热调谐，通过独立温控光纤布拉格光栅实现共振波长和阻带调谐，保持精细度不退化，并可用于窄带滤波和量子发射体的可逆耦合。
Nearly concentric optical cavities can be used to prepare optical fields with a very small mode volume. We implement an anaclastic design of a such a cavity that significantly simplifies mode matching to the fundamental cavity mode. The cavity is shown to have diffraction-limited performance for a mode volume of $\approx10^4λ^3$. This is in sharp contrast with the behavior of cavities with plano-concave mirrors, where aberrations significantly increase the losses in the fundamental mode. We estimate the related cavity QED parameters and show that the proposed cavity design allows for strong co…
We study the quantum dynamics of the cavity optomechanical system formed by a Fabry-Perot cavity with a thin vibrating membrane at its center. We first derive the general multimode Hamiltonian describing the radiation pressure interaction between the cavity modes and the vibrational modes of the membrane. We then restrict the analysis to the standard case of a single cavity mode interacting with a single mechanical resonator and we determine to what extent optical absorption by the membrane hinder reaching a quantum regime for the cavity-membrane system. We show that membrane absorption does n…
Stability of a high-finesse optical cavity at 493 nm in vacuum for cavity QED with Barium ions
研究在真空环境中493 nm高 finesse 光学腔体的稳定性，探讨高反射率镜片在近紫外范围的退化问题，通过腔体寿命测量分析真空和激光诱导对氧化涂层腔体镜片的影响，发现高功率循环导致退化，认为激光诱导沉积是主要原因。
Open Fabry-Perot microcavities represent a promising route for achieving a quantum electrodynamics (cavity-QED) platform with diamond-based emitters. In particular, they offer the opportunity to introduce high purity, minimally fabricated material into a tunable, high quality factor optical resonator. Here, we demonstrate a fiber-based microcavity incorporating a thick (> 10 μm) diamond membrane with a finesse of 17,000, corresponding to a quality factor Q ~ $10^6$. Such minimally fabricated, thick samples can contain optically stable emitters similar to those found in bulk diamond. We observe…
Slow Light Augmented Fabry-Perot Cavity for Enhanced Sensitivity in Measuring Frequency Shift
本文提出慢光增强法布里-珀罗腔（SLAFPC）以显著提高激光频率位移测量灵敏度，理论分析表明在可实现条件下增强因子可达约2.8×10^6。
Vacuum magnetic birefringence was predicted long time ago and is still lacking a direct experimental confirmation. Several experimental efforts are striving to reach this goal, and the sequence of results promises a success in the next few years. This measurement generally is accompanied by the search for hypothetical light particles that couple to two photons. The PVLAS experiment employs a sensitive polarimeter based on a high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. In this paper we report on the latest experimental results of this experiment. The data are analysed taking into account the intrinsic bire…
Optically accessible high-finesse millimeter-wave resonator for cavity quantum electrodynamics with atom arrays
本文提出一种光学可及的高精细度毫米波法布里-珀罗腔，通过建模傍轴后修正规避近共焦几何引起的横模简并损耗，在1 K下实现精细度5.8×10^7，为囚禁原子阵列的强耦合腔QED实验铺平道路。
An atomic Fabry-Perot interferometer-based acceleration sensor for microgravity environments
本研究提出将脉冲非相互作用BEC源的原子FPI用作天基加速度传感器，推导其均匀加速度下透射率的解析近似并计算灵敏度，发现理想条件下小长度原子FPI灵敏度优于MZ干涉仪，且未来窄动量源可使其成为替代方案。
We demonstrate passive feedback cooling of a mechanical resonator based on radiation pressure forces and assisted by photothermal forces in a high-finesse optical cavity. The resonator is a free-standing high-reflectance micro-mirror (of mass m=400ng and mechanical quality factor Q=10^4) that is used as back-mirror in a detuned Fabry-Perot cavity of optical finesse F=500. We observe an increased damping in the dynamics of the mechanical oscillator by a factor of 30 and a corresponding cooling of the oscillator modes below 10 K starting from room temperature. This effect is an important ingredi…
We demonstrate radiation-pressure cavity-cooling of a mechanical mode of a micromirror starting from cryogenic temperatures. To achieve that, a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity (F\approx 2200) was actively stabilized inside a continuous-flow 4He cryostat. We observed optical cooling of the fundamental mode of a 50mu x 50 mu x 5.4 mu singly-clamped micromirror at ω_m=3.5 MHz from 35 K to approx. 290 mK. This corresponds to a thermal occupation factor of <n>\approx 1x10^4. The cooling performance is only limited by the mechanical quality and by the optical finesse of the system. Heating effects, …
Dynamic Fabry-Perot cavity stabilization technique for atom-cavity experiments
提出一种低成本主动稳定技术，通过EOM移位SAS信号与PDH误差信号实现中等精细度FP腔的锁定与超过100 MHz的动态调谐，精度低于1 MHz，适用于各类腔QED实验。
Can TCOs Transform Cavity-QED?
本文研究ZnO基透明导电氧化物在腔QED中的应用，发现其可大幅降低光学吸收，在1650 nm处实现22,000的腔精细度，比ITO损耗降低5000倍，有望推动腔QED系统变革。
We study a Fabry-Perot cavity formed from a ridge waveguide on a AlGaAs substrate. We experimentally determined the propagation losses in the waveguide at 780 nm, the wavelength of Rb atoms. We have also made a numerical and analytical estimate of the losses induced by the presence of the gap which would allow the interaction of cold atoms with the cavity field. We found that the intrinsic finesse of the gapped cavity can be on the order of F ~ 30, which, when one takes into account the losses due to mirror transmission, corresponds to a cooperativity parameter for our system C ~ 1.
A high-finesse suspended mirror Fabry-Perot cavity is experimentally studied in a regime where radiation pressure and photothermal effect are both relevant. The competition between these phenomena, operating at different time scales, produces unobserved dynamical scenarios where an initial Hopf instability is followed by the birth of small-amplitude chaotic attractors which erratically but deterministically trigger optical spikes. The observed dynamical regimes are well reproduced by a detailed physical model of the system.
Cavity enhancement of V2 centers in 4H-SiC with a fiber-based Fabry-Pérot microcavity
本研究将4H-SiC薄膜中的V2色心集成到光纤法布里-珀罗微腔中，实现零声子线散射光子13.3倍增强，为确定性自旋-光子相互作用奠定基础。
We present a novel method of machining optical fiber surfaces with a CO${}_2$ laser for use in Fiber-based Fabry-Perot Cavities (FFPCs). Previously FFPCs were prone to large birefringence and limited to relatively short cavity lengths ($\le$ 200 $μ$m). These characteristics hinder their use in some applications such as cavity quantum electrodynamics with trapped ions. We optimized the laser machining process to produce large, uniform surface structures. This enables the cavities to achieve high finesse even for long cavity lengths. By rotating the fibers around their axis during the laser mach…
Stabilizing an optical cavity containing a bulk diamond crystal at millikelvin temperatures in a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator
本研究在无液氦稀释制冷机中实现了毫开尔文温度下含块体金刚石晶体的光学腔稳定，通过将腔锁定至激光，测得无金刚石时精细度可达1.2×10^4，含金刚石时约90，主要受吸收损耗限制。
Sensitivity Scaling and Limits of Cavity Enhancement in Miniaturized Optically Pumped Magnetometers
本研究针对微型光泵浦磁强计，建模其腔增强灵敏度并对比四种读出方式，明确了灵敏度增强标度、临界耦合条件及最大增强极限，为优化微型OPM性能提供了理论依据。
We present a new micromechanical resonator designed for cavity optomechanics. We have used a micropillar geometry to obtain a high-frequency mechanical resonance with a low effective mass and a very high quality factor. We have coated a 60-$μ$m diameter low-loss dielectric mirror on top of the pillar and are planning to use this micromirror as part of a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity, to laser cool the resonator down to its quantum ground state and to monitor its quantum position fluctuations by quantum-limited optical interferometry.
Optics experiments critically require the stable and accurate locking of relative phases between light beams or the stabilization of Fabry-Perot cavity lengths. Here, we present a simple and inexpensive technique based on a stand-alone microcontroller unit to perform such tasks. Easily programmed in C language, this reconfigurable digital locking system also enables automatic relocking and sequential functioning. Different algorithms are detailed and applied to fringe locking and to low- and high-finesse optical cavity stabilization, without the need of external modulations or error signals. T…
All-Dielectric Resonant Cavity Electro-Optic Transduction Between Microwave and Telecom
基于全电介质共振腔实现微波与电信波光电转换，具备高效率和低噪声的特性，适用于高精度微波场传感和量子转换
A new extended Dicke model, which includes atom-atom interactions and a driving classical laser field, is established for a Bose-Einstein condensate inside an ultrahigh-finesse optical cavity. A feasible experimental setup with a strong atom-field coupling is proposed, where most parameters are easily controllable and thus the predicted second-order superradiant-normal phase transition may be detected by measuring the ground-state atomic population. More intriguingly, a novel second-order phase transition from the superradiant phase to the \textquotedblleft Mott" phase is also revealed. In add…
Enhanced Spectral Density of a Single Germanium Vacancy Center in a Nanodiamond by Cavity-Integration
本文利用原子力显微镜纳米操控将含单个GeV$^-$色心的纳米金刚石集成到高精细度法布里-珀罗微腔中，实现48倍光谱密度增强，为高效自旋-光子平台奠定基础。
Long-range optomechanical interactions in SiN membrane arrays
本研究通过双膜系统在弗朗霍夫-佩罗腔内实现共振增强，显著提升了光力耦合强度，展示了双膜阵列在集体运动中的四倍增强效果。
We investigate the controllability of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Fano resonances in hybrid optomechanical system which is composed of cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped inside high-finesse Fabry-Pérot cavity driven by a single mode optical field along the cavity axis and a transverse pump field. Here, transverse optical field is used to control the phenomenon of EIT in the output probe laser field. The output probe laser field can efficiently be amplified or attenuated depending on the strength of transverse optical field. Furthermore, we demonstrate th…
Cavity-based quantum node is a competitive platform for distributed quantum networks. Here, we characterize a high-finesse Fabry-Perot optical resonator for coupling single or few atomic quantum registers. Our cavity consists of two mirrors with different reflectivities: One has minimal optical loss, and the other high transmission loss where more than 90% of the intracavity photons would be emitted. Cavity finesse, birefringent effects, and mechanical resonances are measured using the lasers at 780, 782, and 795 nm. In order to obtain cavity geometric parameters, we drive the adjacent longitu…
Coupling nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond to optical cavities is a promising way to enhance the efficiency of diamond based quantum networks. An essential aspect of the full toolbox required for the operation of these networks is the ability to achieve microwave control of the electron spin associated with this defect within the cavity framework. Here, we report on the fabrication of an integrated platform for microwave control of an NV center electron spin in an open, tunable Fabry-Perot microcavity. A critical aspect of the measurements of the cavity's finesse reveals that the presented f…
We study the non-linear dynamics of a multimode optomechanical system constituted of a driven high-finesse Fabry-Pérot cavity containing two vibrating dielectric membranes. The analytical study allows to derive a full and consistent description of the displacement detection by a probe beam in the non-linear regime, enabling the faithful detection of membrane displacements well above the usual sensing limit corresponding to the cavity linewidth. In the weak driving regime where the system is in a pre-synchronized situation, the unexcited oscillator has a small, synchronized component at the fre…
Fabrication of Customized, Low-Loss Optical Resonators by Combination of FIB-Milling and CO$_2$ Laser Ablation
该研究提出一种结合FIB铣削与CO$_2$激光平滑的新技术，用于制造定制化、低损耗的法布里-珀罗腔镜，实现纳米级精度和亚纳米表面粗糙度。
Optical losses as a function of beam position on the mirrors in a 285-m suspended Fabry-Perot cavity
本文通过自动扫描Virgo滤波腔反射镜上的光束位置，原位表征光学损耗分布，找到低损耗最佳腔轴，为未来引力波探测器实现严苛损耗目标提供依据。
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