Stefan Kuhr, Sébastien Gleyzes, Christine Guerlin, Julien Bernu, Ulrich Busk Hoff, Samuel Deléglise, Stefano Osnaghi, Michel Brune, Jean-Michel Raimond, Serge Haroche, E. Jacques, P. Bosland, B. Visentin
We have built a microwave Fabry-Perot resonator made of diamond-machined copper mirrors coated with superconducting niobium. Its damping time (Tc = 130 ms at 51 GHz and 0.8 K) corresponds to a finesse of 4.6 x 109, the highest ever reached for a Fabry-Perot in any frequency range. This result opens novel perspectives for quantum information, decoherence and non-locality studies.
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We have constructed an apparatus containing a linear ion trap and a high-finesse optical cavity in the ultraviolet spectral range. In our construction, we have avoided all organic materials inside the ultrahigh vacuum chamber. We show that, unlike previously reported, the optical cavity does not degrade in performance over a time scale of 9 months.
We have realized a fiber-based Fabry-Perot cavity with CO2 laser-machined mirrors. It combines very small size, high finesse F>=130000, small waist and mode volume, and good mode matching between the fiber and cavity modes. This combination of features is a major advance for cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED), as shown in recent CQED experiments with Bose-Einstein condensates enabled by this cavity [Y. Colombe et al., Nature 450, 272 (2007)]. It should also be suitable for a wide range of other applications, including coupling to solid-state emitters, gas detection at the single-particle le…
High-finesse nanofiber Fabry-Pérot resonator in a portable storage container
本文利用双端反射光谱表征高精细度纳米纤维 Fabry–Pérot 谐振器，并设计充氮便携式容器，将一周额外光学损耗控制在0.08%以下。
Fiber Fabry-Perot cavities, formed by micro-machined mirrors on the end-facets of optical fibers, are used in an increasing number of technical and scientific applications, where they typically require precise stabilization of their optical resonances. Here, we study two different approaches to construct fiber Fabry-Perot resonators and stabilize their length for experiments in cavity quantum electrodynamics with neutral atoms. A piezo-mechanically actuated cavity with feedback based on the Pound-Drever-Hall locking technique is compared to a novel rigid cavity design that makes use of the hig…
We demonstrate the fabrication of ultra-low-loss, all-fiber Fabry-Pérot cavities containing a nanofiber section, optimized for cavity quantum electrodynamics. By continuously monitoring the finesse and fiber radius during fabrication of a nanofiber between two fiber Bragg gratings, we are able to precisely evaluate taper transmission as a function of radius. The resulting cavities have an internal round-trip loss of only 0.31% at a nanofiber waist radius of 207 nm, with a total finesse of 1380, and a maximum expected internal cooperativity of $\sim$ 1050 for a cesium atom on the nanofiber surf…
In recent years quantum phenomena have been experimentally demonstrated on variety of optomechanical systems ranging from micro-oscillators to photonic crystals. Since single photon couplings are quite small, most experimental approaches rely on the realization of high finesse Fabry-Perot cavities in order to enhance the effective coupling. Here we show that by exploiting a, long path, low finesse fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer ground state cooling can be achieved. We model a 100 m long cavity with a finesse of 10 and analyze the impact of additional noise sources arising from the fiber. As …
Light scattering by a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab (PCS) can result in dramatic interference effects associated with Fano resonances. Such devices offer appealing alternatives to distributed Bragg reflectors or filters for various applications such as optical wavelength and polarization filters, reflectors, semiconductor lasers, photodetectors, bio-sensors, or non-linear optical components. Suspended PCSs also find natural applications in the field of optomechanics, where the mechanical modes of a suspended slab interact via radiation pressure with the optical field of a high finesse …
We demonstrate fiber Fabry-Perot (FFP) cavities with concave mirrors that can be operated at cavity lengths as large as 1.5mm without significant deterioration of the finesse. This is achieved by using a laser dot machining technique to shape spherical mirrors with ultralow roughness and employing single-mode fibers with large mode area for good mode matching to the cavity. Additionally, in contrast to previous FFPs, these cavities can be used over an octave-spanning frequency range with adequate coatings. We also show directly that shape deviations caused by the fiber's index profile lead to …
High-finesse, open-geometry microcavities have recently emerged as a versatile tool for enhancing interactions between photons and material systems, with a range of applications in quantum optics and quantum information science. However, mechanical vibrations pose a considerable challenge to their operation within a closed-cycle cryostat, particularly when spatial tunability and free-space optical access are required. Here, we present the design and characterization of a system that can achieve $\sim$16 pm-rms passive mechanical stability between two high-finesse mirrors while permitting both …
We study a dispersion-compensated high-finesse optical Fabry-Perot microcavity under high-intensity cw pumping. The Kerr non-linearity in the optical coatings causes a spontaneous four-wave mixing process, which leads to the emission of time-correlated photon pairs. The photon frequencies are shifted by $\pm 1$ free spectral range relative to the pump frequency. This setup allows for constructing a photon-pair source with precisely adjustable frequency difference between the emitted photons, which may have applications in quantum communication.
We report the experimental observation of the photothermal effect. The measurements are performed by modulating the laser power absorbed by the mirrors of two high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavities. The results are very well described by a recently proposed theoretical model [M. Cerdonio, L. Conti, A. Heidmann and M. Pinard, Phys. Rev. D 63 (2001) 082003], confirming the correctness of such calculations. Our observations and quantitative characterization of the photothermal effect demonstrate its critical importance for high sensitivity interferometric displacement measurements, as those necessary …
We have fabricated an atom chip device which combines the circuitry for magnetic trapping of cold atoms with high-finesse optical resonators suitable for cavity QED in the single-atom strong coupling regime. Fabry-Perot optical resonators with finesse F > 2 X 10^5 were formed between a micropatterned on-chip planar mirror with lateral dimension of < 100 um and a curved mirror suspended above the chip. The strong and rapid thermal coupling between on-chip electrical and optical elements was utilized to stabilize the cavity mirror separation with servo bandwidth exceeding 100 kHz during simulate…
We experimentally realize a Fabry-Perot-type optical microresonator near the cesium D2 line wavelength based on a tapered optical fiber, equipped with two fiber Bragg gratings which enclose a sub-wavelength diameter waist. Owing to the very low taper losses, the finesse of the resonator reaches F = 86 while the on-resonance transmission is T = 11 %. The characteristics of our resonator fulfill the requirements of non-linear optics and cavity quantum electrodynamics in the strong coupling regime. In combination with its demonstrated ease of use and its advantageous mode geometry, it thus opens …
Coherent control of the spatial properties of light is central to a wide variety of applications from high bandwidth quantum and classical communication to high power fiber lasers. Low-loss conversion amongst a complete and orthogonal set of modes is particularly important for robust mode-multiplexed communication. Here, we introduce tunable impedance mismatch between coupled Fabry-Pérot resonators as a powerful tool for manipulation of the spatial and temporal properties of optical fields. In the single-mode regime, frequency dependent impedance matching enables tunable finesse optical resona…
Nearly concentric optical cavities can be used to prepare optical fields with a very small mode volume. We implement an anaclastic design of a such a cavity that significantly simplifies mode matching to the fundamental cavity mode. The cavity is shown to have diffraction-limited performance for a mode volume of $\approx10^4λ^3$. This is in sharp contrast with the behavior of cavities with plano-concave mirrors, where aberrations significantly increase the losses in the fundamental mode. We estimate the related cavity QED parameters and show that the proposed cavity design allows for strong co…
Open Fabry-Perot microcavities represent a promising route for achieving a quantum electrodynamics (cavity-QED) platform with diamond-based emitters. In particular, they offer the opportunity to introduce high purity, minimally fabricated material into a tunable, high quality factor optical resonator. Here, we demonstrate a fiber-based microcavity incorporating a thick (> 10 μm) diamond membrane with a finesse of 17,000, corresponding to a quality factor Q ~ $10^6$. Such minimally fabricated, thick samples can contain optically stable emitters similar to those found in bulk diamond. We observe…
Slow Light Augmented Fabry-Perot Cavity for Enhanced Sensitivity in Measuring Frequency Shift
本文提出慢光增强法布里-珀罗腔（SLAFPC）以显著提高激光频率位移测量灵敏度，理论分析表明在可实现条件下增强因子可达约2.8×10^6。
Vacuum magnetic birefringence was predicted long time ago and is still lacking a direct experimental confirmation. Several experimental efforts are striving to reach this goal, and the sequence of results promises a success in the next few years. This measurement generally is accompanied by the search for hypothetical light particles that couple to two photons. The PVLAS experiment employs a sensitive polarimeter based on a high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. In this paper we report on the latest experimental results of this experiment. The data are analysed taking into account the intrinsic bire…
Optically accessible high-finesse millimeter-wave resonator for cavity quantum electrodynamics with atom arrays
本文提出一种光学可及的高精细度毫米波法布里-珀罗腔，通过建模傍轴后修正规避近共焦几何引起的横模简并损耗，在1 K下实现精细度5.8×10^7，为囚禁原子阵列的强耦合腔QED实验铺平道路。
An atomic Fabry-Perot interferometer-based acceleration sensor for microgravity environments
本研究提出将脉冲非相互作用BEC源的原子FPI用作天基加速度传感器，推导其均匀加速度下透射率的解析近似并计算灵敏度，发现理想条件下小长度原子FPI灵敏度优于MZ干涉仪，且未来窄动量源可使其成为替代方案。
We demonstrate passive feedback cooling of a mechanical resonator based on radiation pressure forces and assisted by photothermal forces in a high-finesse optical cavity. The resonator is a free-standing high-reflectance micro-mirror (of mass m=400ng and mechanical quality factor Q=10^4) that is used as back-mirror in a detuned Fabry-Perot cavity of optical finesse F=500. We observe an increased damping in the dynamics of the mechanical oscillator by a factor of 30 and a corresponding cooling of the oscillator modes below 10 K starting from room temperature. This effect is an important ingredi…
Dynamic Fabry-Perot cavity stabilization technique for atom-cavity experiments
提出一种低成本主动稳定技术，通过EOM移位SAS信号与PDH误差信号实现中等精细度FP腔的锁定与超过100 MHz的动态调谐，精度低于1 MHz，适用于各类腔QED实验。
We study a Fabry-Perot cavity formed from a ridge waveguide on a AlGaAs substrate. We experimentally determined the propagation losses in the waveguide at 780 nm, the wavelength of Rb atoms. We have also made a numerical and analytical estimate of the losses induced by the presence of the gap which would allow the interaction of cold atoms with the cavity field. We found that the intrinsic finesse of the gapped cavity can be on the order of F ~ 30, which, when one takes into account the losses due to mirror transmission, corresponds to a cooperativity parameter for our system C ~ 1.
A high-finesse suspended mirror Fabry-Perot cavity is experimentally studied in a regime where radiation pressure and photothermal effect are both relevant. The competition between these phenomena, operating at different time scales, produces unobserved dynamical scenarios where an initial Hopf instability is followed by the birth of small-amplitude chaotic attractors which erratically but deterministically trigger optical spikes. The observed dynamical regimes are well reproduced by a detailed physical model of the system.
Stabilizing an optical cavity containing a bulk diamond crystal at millikelvin temperatures in a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator
本研究在无液氦稀释制冷机中实现了毫开尔文温度下含块体金刚石晶体的光学腔稳定，通过将腔锁定至激光，测得无金刚石时精细度可达1.2×10^4，含金刚石时约90，主要受吸收损耗限制。
We present a new micromechanical resonator designed for cavity optomechanics. We have used a micropillar geometry to obtain a high-frequency mechanical resonance with a low effective mass and a very high quality factor. We have coated a 60-$μ$m diameter low-loss dielectric mirror on top of the pillar and are planning to use this micromirror as part of a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity, to laser cool the resonator down to its quantum ground state and to monitor its quantum position fluctuations by quantum-limited optical interferometry.
Cavity-based quantum node is a competitive platform for distributed quantum networks. Here, we characterize a high-finesse Fabry-Perot optical resonator for coupling single or few atomic quantum registers. Our cavity consists of two mirrors with different reflectivities: One has minimal optical loss, and the other high transmission loss where more than 90% of the intracavity photons would be emitted. Cavity finesse, birefringent effects, and mechanical resonances are measured using the lasers at 780, 782, and 795 nm. In order to obtain cavity geometric parameters, we drive the adjacent longitu…
Fabrication of Customized, Low-Loss Optical Resonators by Combination of FIB-Milling and CO$_2$ Laser Ablation
该研究提出一种结合FIB铣削与CO$_2$激光平滑的新技术，用于制造定制化、低损耗的法布里-珀罗腔镜，实现纳米级精度和亚纳米表面粗糙度。
Optical losses as a function of beam position on the mirrors in a 285-m suspended Fabry-Perot cavity
本文通过自动扫描Virgo滤波腔反射镜上的光束位置，原位表征光学损耗分布，找到低损耗最佳腔轴，为未来引力波探测器实现严苛损耗目标提供依据。
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